Thomas Bourchier (cardinal): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Christian leader |
{{Infobox Christian leader |
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| type = cardinal |
| type = cardinal |
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| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]] |
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| name = Thomas Bourchier |
| name = Thomas Bourchier |
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| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]<br />[[Primacy of Canterbury|Primate of All England]] |
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]<br />[[Primacy of Canterbury|Primate of All England]] |
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| image_size = 175px |
| image_size = 175px |
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| alt = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier |
| alt = Cardinal Thomas Bourchier |
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| caption = 1909 stained glass depiction in [[Sevenoaks]] Church, Kent, of Thomas Bourchier, wearing a cardinal's [[galero]]. His residence of [[Knole House]], which he built, was situated opposite the church |
| caption = 1909 stained glass depiction in [[Sevenoaks]] Church, Kent, of Thomas Bourchier, wearing a cardinal's [[galero]] (a broad-brimmed hat). His residence of [[Knole|Knole House]], which he built, was situated opposite the church |
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| appointed = 23 April 1454 |
| appointed = 23 April 1454 |
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| term_start = 26 January 1455 |
| term_start = 26 January 1455 |
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| ordinated_by = |
| ordinated_by = |
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| consecration = 15 May 1435 |
| consecration = 15 May 1435 |
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| consecrated_by = |
| consecrated_by = [[Henry Beaufort]] |
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| cardinal = 18 September 1467 |
| cardinal = 18 September 1467 |
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| rank = [[Cardinal priest]] |
| rank = [[Cardinal priest]] |
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| birth_date = |
| birth_date = 1404 |
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| birth_place = |
| birth_place = |
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| death_date = 30 March 1486 |
| death_date = 30 March 1486 |
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| death_place = [[Knole House]] |
| death_place = [[Knole House]] |
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| buried = [[Canterbury Cathedral]] |
| buried = [[Canterbury Cathedral]] |
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| nationality = English |
| nationality = English |
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| religion = [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] |
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| coat_of_arms = SeeOfCanterbury Impaling ThomasBourchier TawstockChurch.PNG |
| coat_of_arms = SeeOfCanterbury Impaling ThomasBourchier TawstockChurch.PNG |
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| education = [[University of Oxford]] |
| education = [[University of Oxford]] |
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| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Paul II|Paul II]] |
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| church = [[Catholic Church]] |
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| signature = Thomas Bourchier signature.svg |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Thomas Bourchier''' ( |
'''Thomas Bourchier''' (1404{{snd}}30 March 1486)<ref>{{cite ODNB |last=Clark |date=2004 |first=Linda |title=Bourchier, Thomas (c. 1411–1486) |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2993 |type=online |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/2993 }}</ref> was a medieval English [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], and [[Lord Chancellor]] of England.<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=BOURCHIER, Thomas (c. 1412-1486) |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1467.htm#Bourchier|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |publisher=[[Florida International University]]|oclc=53276621}}</ref> |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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Bourchier was a younger son of [[William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu]] (died 1420) by his wife [[Anne of Gloucester]], a daughter of [[Thomas of Woodstock]] (1355–1397), youngest son of King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]. One of his brothers was [[Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex]] (died 1483), and his great-nephew was [[John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners]], the translator of [[Jean Froissart|Froissart]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} [[Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham]] was his half-brother. |
Bourchier was a younger son of [[William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu]] (died 1420) by his wife [[Anne of Gloucester]], a daughter of [[Thomas of Woodstock]] (1355–1397), youngest son of King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]. One of his brothers was [[Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex]] (died 1483), and his great-nephew was [[John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners]], the translator of [[Jean Froissart|Froissart]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} [[Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham]] was his half-brother. |
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==Education== |
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He was educated at the [[University of Oxford]], after which he entered the church and obtained rapid promotion.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
He was educated at the [[University of Oxford]], after which he entered the church and obtained rapid promotion.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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==Death and burial== |
==Death and burial== |
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Bourchier died on 30 March 1486{{sfn|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1996|p=234}} at the palatial residence he had transformed, [[Knole House]], near [[Sevenoaks, England|Sevenoaks]] in Kent, and was buried in [[Canterbury Cathedral]], where his monument can be found. |
Bourchier died on 30 March 1486{{sfn|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1996|p=234}} at the palatial residence he had transformed, [[Knole House]], near [[Sevenoaks, England|Sevenoaks]] in Kent, and was buried in [[Canterbury Cathedral]], where his monument can be found. |
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==Ancestry== |
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{{ahnentafel |
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|collapsed=yes |align=center |
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|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |
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|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |
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|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |
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|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |
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|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |
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|1= 1. '''Thomas Bourchier''' |
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|2= 2. [[William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu]] |
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|3= 3. [[Anne of Gloucester]] |
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|4= 4. Sir William Bourchier |
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|5= 5. Alianore de Lovayne |
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|6= 6. [[Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester]] |
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|7= 7. [[Eleanor de Bohun]] |
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|8= 8. [[Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier]] |
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|9= 9. Margaret Prayers |
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|10= 10. Sir John de Louvaine |
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|11= 11. Margaret Weston |
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|12= 12. [[Edward III of England]] |
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|13= 13. [[Philippa of Hainault]] |
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|14= 14. [[Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford]] |
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|15= 15. [[Joan Fitzalan]] |
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|16= 16. [[John de Bourchier]] |
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|17= 17. Helen Colchester |
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|18= 18. Thomas Prayers |
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|19= 19. Margaret de Essex |
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|20= 20. Thomas de Louvaine |
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|21= 21. Joan de Basing |
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|22= 22. Sir Thomas Weston |
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|23= 23. ?? |
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|24= 24. [[Edward II of England]] |
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|25= 25. [[Isabella of France]] |
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|26= 26. [[William I, Count of Hainaut]] |
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|27= 27. [[Joan of Valois (1294–1352)|Joan of Valois]] |
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|28= 28. [[William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton]] |
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|29= 29. [[Elizabeth de Badlesmere]] |
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|30= 30. [[Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel]] |
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|31= 31. [[Eleanor of Lancaster]] |
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}} |
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==Citations== |
==Citations== |
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{{s-bef |
{{s-bef|before=[[Gilbert Kymer]]}} |
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| years = 1433–1437 |
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| title = [[Lord Chancellor]] |
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| years = 1434–1443 |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] |years=1454–1486}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Cardinal priest]] of [[San Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane]] |years=1467–1486}} |
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| years = 1443–1454 |
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| title = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] |
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| title = [[Cardinal priest]] of [[San Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane]] |
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| title = [[List of living cardinals|Eldest Living Cardinal]] |
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| years = 18 July 1476–30 March 1486 |
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{{s-aft |
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| after = [[Maffeo Gherardi]] |
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}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bourchier, Thomas}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bourchier, Thomas}} |
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[[Category:Lord |
[[Category:Lord chancellors of England]] |
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[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]] |
[[Category:Archbishops of Canterbury]] |
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[[Category:Bishops of Worcester]] |
[[Category:Bishops of Worcester]] |
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[[Category:Bishops of Ely]] |
[[Category:Bishops of Ely]] |
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[[Category:English cardinals]] |
[[Category:15th-century English cardinals]] |
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[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Oxford]] |
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Oxford]] |
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[[Category:15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]] |
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[[Category:1411 births]] |
[[Category:1411 births]] |
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[[Category:1486 deaths]] |
[[Category:1486 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Bourchier family|Thomas]] |
[[Category:Bourchier family|Thomas]] |
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[[Category:15th-century English people]] |
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[[Category:People of the Tudor period]] |
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[[Category:Burials at Canterbury Cathedral]] |
[[Category:Burials at Canterbury Cathedral]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]] |
Latest revision as of 06:40, 13 May 2024
Thomas Bourchier | |
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Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury Primate of All England | |
Church | Catholic Church |
Appointed | 23 April 1454 |
Installed | 26 January 1455 |
Term ended | 30 March 1486 |
Predecessor | John Kemp |
Successor | John Morton |
Orders | |
Ordination | 1433 |
Consecration | 15 May 1435 by Henry Beaufort |
Created cardinal | 18 September 1467 by Paul II |
Rank | Cardinal priest |
Personal details | |
Born | 1404 |
Died | 30 March 1486 Knole House |
Buried | Canterbury Cathedral |
Nationality | English |
Education | University of Oxford |
Signature | |
Coat of arms |
Thomas Bourchier (1404 – 30 March 1486)[1] was a medieval English cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England.[2]
Origins[edit]
Bourchier was a younger son of William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (died 1420) by his wife Anne of Gloucester, a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock (1355–1397), youngest son of King Edward III. One of his brothers was Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (died 1483), and his great-nephew was John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, the translator of Froissart.[3] Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham was his half-brother.
He was educated at the University of Oxford, after which he entered the church and obtained rapid promotion.[3]
Career[edit]
After holding some minor appointments he was consecrated Bishop of Worcester on 15 May 1434.[4] In the same year of 1434 he was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1443 was appointed Bishop of Ely.[5] In April 1454 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury,[6] and became Lord Chancellor of England in March 1455.[7]
Bourchier's short term of office as chancellor coincided with the start of the Wars of the Roses, and at first he was not a strong partisan, although he lost his position as chancellor when Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was deprived of power in October 1456. In 1458 he helped to reconcile the contending parties as part of The Love Day, but when the war was renewed in 1459 he had become a decided Yorkist. He crowned Duke Richard's son Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York as King Edward IV in June 1461, and four years later he crowned Edward's queen, Elizabeth Woodville.[3]
In 1457 Bourchier took the chief part in the trial for heresy of Reginald Pecock, Bishop of Chichester. In 1473 he was created a cardinal, not after some delay as this honour had been sought for him by King Edward IV in 1465. In 1475 he was one of the four arbitrators appointed to arrange the details of the Treaty of Picquigny between England and France. After the death of King Edward IV in 1483 Bourchier persuaded the queen to allow her younger son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, to join his elder brother King Edward V in (supposedly protective) residence in the Tower of London. Although Bourchier had sworn, before his father's death, to be faithful to King Edward V, he nevertheless crowned King Richard III in July 1483.[3]
The third English king crowned by Bourchier was King Henry VII (1485–1509), whom he also married to Elizabeth of York in January 1486.[3]
Death and burial[edit]
Bourchier died on 30 March 1486[6] at the palatial residence he had transformed, Knole House, near Sevenoaks in Kent, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his monument can be found.
Citations[edit]
- ^ Clark, Linda (2004). "Bourchier, Thomas (c. 1411–1486)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2993. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Miranda, Salvador. "BOURCHIER, Thomas (c. 1412-1486)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 280.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 245.
- ^ a b Fryde et al. 1996, p. 234.
- ^ Fryde et al. 1996, p. 87.
References[edit]
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third Edition, revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bourchier, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 329. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
External links[edit]