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<!--[[Image:GDP nominal per capita world map IMF 2008.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of countries by 2008 GDP (nominal) per capita (Estimates by the [[IMF]], April 2008).]]
{{otheruses}}
-->[[Image:GDP nominal per capita world map IMF 2007.PNG|300px|thumb|Map of countries by 2007 GDP (nominal) per capita (IMF, April 2008).]]
[[image:HH Polizeihauptmeister MZ.jpg|thumb|[[Germany|German]] [[Landespolizei|state police]] officer in [[Hamburg]]]]
[[Image:Police Poland 1 AB.jpg|thumb|right|[[Policja|Polish Police's]] [[Riot control|Anti-Riot Detachment]], filming a gathering. The film could later be presented during a [[Trial (law)|trial]] as [[evidence (law)|evidence]]. A [[water cannon]] is seen in the background]]
[[Image:NYPDBrooklynBridge.jpg|thumb|right|[[New York City Police Department]] [[Chevy Impala]] patrol car]]
'''Police''' are agents or agencies empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimate use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police departments of a [[state]] that are authorized to exercise the [[police power]] of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes via [[French language|French]] from the [[Latin]] ''politia'' (“civil administration”), which itself derives from the [[Ancient Greek]] πόλις, for ''polis'' ("city").<ref>{{cite web|title =police| publisher =Online Etymology Dictionary|url =http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=police&searchmode=none|accessdate =2007-02-08}}</ref>


This article includes three '''lists of [[countries of the world]] sorted by their [[gross domestic product]] [[per capita]] at [[nominal value]]s''', the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, converted at market [[exchange rate]]s to current [[U.S. dollar]]s, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.
The first police force comparable to present-day police was established in 1667 under King [[Louis XIV]] in [[France]], although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800 establishment of the [[Marine Police Force|Marine Police]] in [[London]], the [[City of Glasgow Police|Glasgow Police]], and the [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleonic]] [[Prefecture of Police|police of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web| last =Dinsmor | first =Alastair| title =Glasgow Police Pioneers| publisher =The Scotia News| date =Winter 2003| url =http://www.scotia-news.com/issue5/ISSUE05a.htm| accessdate =2007-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =History| work =Marine Support Unit| publisher =Metropolitan Police| url =http://www.met.police.uk/msu/history.htm| accessdate =2007-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =La Lieutenance Générale de Police| work =La Préfecture de Police fête ses 200 ans
Juillet 1800 - Juillet 2000| publisher =La Préfecture de Police au service des Parisiens| url =http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo1.htm| accessdate =}}</ref>


The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the [[exchange rate]]s of the country's [[currency]]. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population. Therefore these figures should be used with caution.
The first modern police force is also commonly said to be the [[London]] [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]], established in 1829, which promoted the [[Preventive police|preventive]] role of police as a deterrent to urban [[crime]] and disorder.<ref>{{cite book|last =Brodeur| first =Jean-Paul| coauthors =Eds., Kevin R. E. McCormick and Livy A. Visano| title =”High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities,” Understanding Policing| publisher =Canadian Scholars’ Press| date =1992|location = |pages =284-285, 295|id = ISBN 1-55130-005-2}}</ref> The notion that police are primarily concerned with enforcing [[criminal law]] was popularized in the 1930s with the rise of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] as the pre-eminent [[law enforcement agency]] in the [[United States]]; law enforcement however has only ever constituted a small portion of policing activity.<ref>{{cite book| last =Walker| first =Samuel| title =A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism| publisher =Lexington Books| date =1977| location =Lexington, MT| pages =143| id = ISBN 978-0-6690-1292-7}}</ref> Policing has included an array of activities in different contexts, but the predominant ones are concerned with [[public order|order maintenance]] and the provision of services.<ref>{{cite book| last =Neocleous| first =Mark| title =Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power| publisher =Pluto Press| date =2004| location = | pages =93-94| id = ISBN 978-0-7453-1489-1}}</ref> Alternative names for police force include [[constabulary]], [[gendarmerie]], police department, police service, or law enforcement agency, and members can be [[police officer]]s, [[trooper]]s, [[sheriff]]s, [[constable]]s, [[ranger]]s, or [[peace officer]]s. Russian police and police of the Soviet-era Eastern Europe are (or were) called [[militsiya]].


Comparisons of national wealth are also frequently made on the basis of [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (''See'' [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]].) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem, but has its own drawbacks. It does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than GDP per capita figures.
In England and Wales, each police force or service is overseen by a [[police authority]].


Great care should be taken when using either set of figures to compare the wealth of two countries. Often people who wish to promote or denigrate a country will use the figure that suits their case best and ignore the other one, which may be substantially different, but a valid comparison of two economies should take both rankings into account, as well as utilising other economic data to put an economy in context.
== History ==
=== Pre-modern Europe ===
In [[Ancient Greece]], publicly-owned slaves were used by magistrates as police. In [[Athens]], a group of 300 [[Scythian]] slaves was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for [[crowd control]], and also assisted with dealing with [[criminals]], manhandling prisoners, and making arrests. Other duties associated with modern policing, such as investigating crimes, were left to the citizens themselves.<ref>{{cite book| last =Hunter| first =Virginia J.|title =Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits, 420-320 B.C.| publisher =Princeton University Press| date =1994| location =Princeton, NJ| pages =3| url =http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5349.html| id = ISBN 978-1-4008-0392-7}}</ref>


Several economies which are not considered to be countries (world, EU, and some [[dependent territories]]) are included in the list because they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison.
Before its decline, the [[Roman Empire]] had a relatively effective law enforcement system. When under the reign of [[Augustus]] the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, he created 14 [[ward]]s, which were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called "[[Vigiles]]," who guarded against fires and served as nightwatchmen. If necessary, they might have called the [[Praetorian Guard]] for assistance. Beginning in the [[5th century]], policing became a function of clan chiefs and heads of state. {{Fact|date=November 2007}}


* The "IMF" column includes estimated data for the year 2007 for members of the [[International Monetary Fund]] (plus the [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]]), for which information is available.
The [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] system of maintaining public order was a private system of [[tithing]]s, since the Norman conquest led by a [[constable]], which was based on a social obligation for the good conduct of the others; more common was that local lords and nobles were responsible to maintain order in their lands, and often appointed a [[constable]], sometimes unpaid, to enforce the law.
* The "WB" column includes data for the year 2007 from the [[World Bank]].
* The "CIA" column includes estimated data for the year 2007 from [[The World Factbook]], provided by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], as of October 2, 2008.


<!--Data across columns are not comparable as they may refer to different years. -->All data are in [[United States dollar]]s. Non-sovereign entities<!--, former countries--> or other special groupings are marked in italics.
=== European development ===
In Western culture, the contemporary concept of a police paid by the government was developed by French legal scholars and practitioners in the 17th and early 18th centuries, notably with Nicolas Delamare's ''[http://cujas.synasoft.fr/page.asp?Ouvrage=225&Ftime=1 Traité de la Police]'' ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705. The German ''[[Polizeiwissenschaft]]'' (Science of Police) was also an important theoretical formulation of police.


<small>''Note: To sort the table in descending order, click twice on the square above the column you wish to sort by.''</small>
The first police force in the modern sense was created by the government of King [[Louis XIV]] in 1667 to police the city of [[Paris]], then the largest city in Europe. The royal edict, registered by the ''[[Parlement]]'' of Paris on [[March 15]], [[1667]] created the office of ''[[Prefecture of Police#List of lieutenant generals and prefects of police|lieutenant général de police]]'' ("lieutenant general of police"), who was to be the head of the new Paris police force, and defined the task of the police as "ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone live according to their station and their duties". This office was first held by [[Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie]], who had 44 ''commissaires de police'' (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by ''inspecteurs de police'' (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the ''commissaires'', each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns.
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: right"
! Country
! style="background: #ddd" | Rank
! style="background: #ddd" | [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]<ref>Data refer to the year 2007. [http://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=23&pr.y=15&sy=2007&ey=2007&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C446%2C914%2C666%2C612%2C668%2C614%2C672%2C311%2C946%2C213%2C137%2C911%2C962%2C193%2C674%2C122%2C676%2C912%2C548%2C313%2C556%2C419%2C678%2C513%2C181%2C316%2C682%2C913%2C684%2C124%2C273%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C283%2C228%2C853%2C924%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C632%2C566%2C636%2C964%2C634%2C182%2C238%2C453%2C662%2C968%2C960%2C922%2C423%2C714%2C935%2C862%2C128%2C716%2C611%2C456%2C321%2C722%2C243%2C942%2C248%2C718%2C469%2C724%2C253%2C576%2C642%2C936%2C643%2C961%2C939%2C813%2C644%2C199%2C819%2C184%2C172%2C524%2C132%2C361%2C646%2C362%2C648%2C364%2C915%2C732%2C134%2C366%2C652%2C734%2C174%2C144%2C328%2C146%2C258%2C463%2C656%2C528%2C654%2C923%2C336%2C738%2C263%2C578%2C268%2C537%2C532%2C742%2C944%2C866%2C176%2C369%2C534%2C744%2C536%2C186%2C429%2C925%2C178%2C746%2C436%2C926%2C136%2C466%2C343%2C112%2C158%2C111%2C439%2C298%2C916%2C927%2C664%2C846%2C826%2C299%2C542%2C582%2C443%2C474%2C917%2C754%2C544%2C698%2C941&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a= World Economic Outlook Database-October 2008], [[International Monetary Fund]]. Accessed on October 8, 2008.</ref>
! Rank
! [[World Bank|WB]]<ref>Data refer to the year 2007. [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf Total GDP 2007] & [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/POP.pdf Population 2007], World Development Indicators database, [[World Bank]], September 10, 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the Total GDP data by the Population data.</ref>
! style="background: #ddd" | Rank
! style="background: #ddd" | [[The World Factbook|CIA]]<ref>Data refer to the year 2007. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html GDP (official exchange rate)], [[The World Factbook]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. GDP data last updated on October 2, 2008; [http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/tables.html Total Midyear Population-2007], [[U.S. Census Bureau]], International Data Base, accessed on October 4, 2008; European Union population obtained from an archived version of [http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2007/rankorder/2119rank.html The World Factbook], CIA, dated May 10, 2007. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the GDP (official exchange rate) data by the Population data.</ref>
<!-- SORT FIXING CODE START -->
|- style="display: none;"
| AAAA || -9 || -9 || -9 || -9 || -9 || -9
|- style="display: none;"
| ZZZZ || 9999999 || 9999999 || 9999999 || 9999999 || 9999999 || 9999999
<!-- SORT FIXING CODE END -->
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Afghanistan}} || 169 || 350 || — || {{N/A}} || 175 || 277
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Albania}} || 96 || 3,401 || 87 || 3,323 || 102 || 2,950
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Algeria}} || 86 || 3,903 || 76 || 3,996 || 88 || 3,945
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Angola}} || 90 || 3,756 || 84 || 3,440 || 78 || 5,003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} || 44 || 13,079 || 36 || 12,071 || 47 || 13,054
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Argentina}} || 66 || 6,609 || 56 || 6,641 || 68 || 6,492
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Armenia}} || 104 || 2,659 || 90 || 3,058 || 105 || 2,683
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Australia}} || 15 || 43,163 || 17 || 39,098 || 16 || 43,798
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Austria}} || 13 || 44,852 || 11 || 45,343 || 14 || 45,599
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 94 || 3,632 || 83 || 3,646 || 91 || 3,857
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bahamas, The}} || 34 || 19,736 || — || {{N/A}} || 33 || 21,547
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bahrain}} || 31 || 22,771 || — || {{N/A}} || 29 || 27,746
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 156 || 463 || 151 || 427 || 161 || 481
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Barbados}} || 45 || 12,404 || — || {{N/A}} || 46 || 13,309
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Belarus}} || 80 || 4,656 || 69 || 4,615 || 80 || 4,604
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Belgium}} || 16 || 42,618 || 13 || 42,213 || 17 || 43,648
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Belize}} || 84 || 4,108 || 72 || 4,191 || 83 || 4,324
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Benin}} || 146 || 709 || 145 || 601 || 150 || 656
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bhutan}} || 116 || 1,841 || 112 || 1,668 || 116 || 1,943
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bolivia}} || 123 || 1,352 || 117 || 1,378 || 125 || 1,446
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 89 || 3,809 || 74 || 4,014 || 99 || 3,247
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Botswana}} || 60 || 7,933 || 57 || 6,263 || 64 || 6,780
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Brazil}} || 64 || 6,938 || 53 || 6,859 || 65 || 6,776
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Brunei}} || 25 || 31,879 || — || {{N/A}} || 26 || 33,077
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 76 || 5,186 || 65 || 5,175 || 75 || 5,409
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 155 || 492 || 150 || 458 || 162 || 472
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burma}} || 175 || 234 || — || {{N/A}} || 174 || 286
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burundi}} || 179 || 125 || 170 || 115 || 184 || 119
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cambodia}} || 152 || 606 || 146 || 597 || 157 || 615
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cameroon}} || 128 || 1,097 || 121 || 1,114 || 131 || 1,143
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Canada}} || 14 || 43,674 || 15 || 40,222 || 18 || 43,478
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cape Verde}} || 100 || 2,925 || 94 || 2,706 || 98 || 3,365
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 162 || 402 || 153 || 394 || 166 || 392
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Chad}} || 143 || 734 || 142 || 658 || 148 || 718
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Chile}} || 53 || 9,884 || 42 || 9,877 || 53 || 10,047
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|China, People's Republic of}} || 107 || 2,483 || 99 || 2,485 || 109 || 2,459
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Colombia}} || 82 || 4,264 || 81 || 3,729 || 90 || 3,867
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Comoros}} || 144 || 729 || 139 || 717 || 154 || 621
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}} || 178 || 171 || 169 || 144 || 183 || 157
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Republic of the}} || 112 || 2,159 || 105 || 2,030 || 114 || 2,015
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Costa Rica}} || 70 || 5,904 || 63 || 5,653 || 69 || 6,342
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} || 129 || 1,057 || 123 || 1,016 || 135 || 993
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Croatia}} || 47 || 11,555 || 38 || 11,554 || 50 || 11,430
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cuba}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || 87 || 4,000
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cyprus}} || 28 || 27,047 || 24 || 27,036 || 30 || 27,015
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 36 || 16,956 || 30 || 16,271 || 39 || 17,138
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Denmark}} || 7 || 57,137 || 5 || 56,427 || 7 || 57,040
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Djibouti}} || 127 || 1,111 || 126 || 996 || 120 || 1,694
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Dominica}} || 78 || 4,685 || 71 || 4,493 || 84 || 4,297
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 79 || 4,671 || 80 || 3,762 || 89 || 3,886
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ecuador}} || 97 || 3,335 || 88 || 3,312 || 100 || 3,212
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Egypt}} || 117 || 1,739 || 111 || 1,697 || 123 || 1,592
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|El Salvador}} || 101 || 2,857 || 92 || 2,950 || 103 || 2,932
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || 51 || 10,436<ref>The IMF is using a 2007 population estimate based on a 2001 census whose validity has been called into question. A 2003 U.S. State Department report on Equatorial Guinea stated that "although the 2002 (sic) census estimated the population at 1,015,000, credible estimates put the number at closer to 500,000. The opposition claimed that the Government inflated the census in anticipation of the December presidential election. (...) Opposition leaders charged earlier in the year that census results showing a twofold population increase were flawed and that numbers were inflated to perpetuate election fraud." [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18181.htm]</ref> || 29 || 19,533 || 38 || 17,490
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Eritrea}} || 172 || 271 || 165 || 248 || 179 || 246
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Estonia}} || 41 || 15,569 || 31 || 15,856 || 41 || 16,171
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 174 || 252 || 166 || 245 || 180 || 243
|-
| align="left" | ''{{flag|European Union}}'' || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || 33,889
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Fiji}} || 88 || 3,824 || 73 || 4,097 || 94 || 3,710
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Finland}} || 9 || 46,856 || 8 || 46,515 || 10 || 46,769
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|France}} || 18 || 42,034 || 14 || 41,523 || 21 || 40,200
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Gabon}} || 59 || 8,085 || 50 || 8,011 || 60 || 7,759
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Gambia, The}} || 160 || 405 || 155 || 377 || 167 || 387
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Georgia}} || 110 || 2,340 || 103 || 2,315 || 110 || 2,215
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Germany}} || 19 || 40,400 || 16 || 40,079 || 20 || 40,315
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ghana}} || 148 || 690 || 143 || 650 || 151 || 648
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Greece}} || 27 || 28,152 || 21 || 32,166 || 28 || 29,385
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Grenada}} || 71 || 5,708 || 66 || 5,130 || 67 || 6,555
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guatemala}} || 105 || 2,532 || 98 || 2,505 || 106 || 2,647
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 176 || 213 || 167 || 211 || 181 || 233
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guinea}} || 159 || 417 || 149 || 487 || 160 || 493
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guyana}} || 122 || 1,411 || 116 || 1,413 || 127 || 1,351
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Haiti}} || 147 || 699 || 144 || 638 || 153 || 624
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Honduras}} || 118 || 1,635 || 110 || 1,732 || 121 || 1,641
|-
| align="left" | ''{{flag|Hong Kong}}'' || — || 29,753 || — || 29,845 || — || 29,611
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Hungary}} || 43 || 13,745 || 35 || 13,741 || 42 || 13,901
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Iceland}} || 4 || 64,548 || 3 || 62,733 || 5 || 66,240
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|India}} || 134 || 942 || 122 || 1,042 || 138 || 973
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Indonesia}} || 115 || 1,925 || 108 || 1,918 || 119 || 1,845
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Iran}} || 85 || 3,981 || 79 || 3,815 || 81 || 4,497
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Iraq}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || 111 || 2,186
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ireland}} || 5 || 60,209 || 4 || 58,399 || 6 || 62,934
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Israel}} || 29 || 23,579 || 25 || 22,563 || 31 || 23,161
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Italy}} || 20 || 35,745 || 18 || 35,494 || 22 || 36,201
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Jamaica}} || 83 || 4,195 || 75 || 4,012 || 86 || 4,029
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Japan}} || 22 || 34,296 || 20 || 34,254 || 25 || 34,402
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Jordan}} || 103 || 2,766 || 93 || 2,768 || 107 || 2,645
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 65 || 6,748 || 55 || 6,708 || 63 || 6,791
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kenya}} || 141 || 780 || 137 || 786 || 145 || 794
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kiribati}} || 149 || 686 || 132 || 853 || 155 || 621
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Korea, North}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || 132 || 1,114
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Korea, South}} || 33 || 20,015 || 28 || 19,983 || 35 || 19,836
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kuwait}} || 23 || 33,687 || — || {{N/A}} || 15 || 44,421
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 145 || 713 || 141 || 669 || 149 || 709
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Laos}} || 150 || 669 || 140 || 684 || 156 || 618
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Latvia}} || 46 || 11,908 || 37 || 11,931 || 49 || 12,098
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Lebanon}} || 67 || 6,569 || 60 || 5,858 || 70 || 6,277
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Lesotho}} || 151 || 664 || 136 || 798 || 146 || 753
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Liberia}} || 177 || 196 || 168 || 193 || 182 || 228
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Libya}} || 49 || 11,484 || 43 || 9,476 || 54 || 9,452
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || 1 || 106,082<ref>The value from the original source has been changed, due to the CIA World Factbook reporting a GDP for Liechtenstein of $36.33 billion, resulting in a GDP per capita of $1,060,823, which is not in line with data from either the US State Department nor the government of Liechtenstein. A Liechtenstein government website called ''Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein'' reports that the [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-avw-statistik-volkswirtschaftliche_gesamtrechnung_2005 provisional GDP for 2005] was [[CHF]]4.5553 billion and the [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-avw-statistik-bevoelkerungsstatistik_30._juni_2007 mid-year population for 2005] was 34,734, giving a GDP per capita of CHF131,148. Using the average exchange rate of the Swiss franc to the US dollar in 2005, as [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ls.html given by the CIA], this results in a GDP of US$3.658 billion and GDP per capita of US$105,323. The [[United States Department of State]] reports a Liechtenstein GDP for 2004 of CHF4.28 billion on its [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/9403.htm country profile article] dated April 2008.</ref>
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Lithuania}} || 48 || 11,515 || 39 || 11,353 || 52 || 10,726
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Luxembourg}} || 1 || 103,125 || 1 || 99,879 || 2 || 104,452
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Macedonia, Republic of}} || 91 || 3,751 || 82 || 3,726 || 95 || 3,647
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Madagascar}} || 164 || 392 || 156 || 372 || 168 || 376
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Malawi}} || 173 || 266 || 164 || 255 || 178 || 260
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Malaysia}} || 63 || 6,956 || 54 || 6,807 || 61 || 7,509
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Maldives}} || 98 || 3,067 || 85 || 3,439 || 104 || 2,874
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mali}} || 154 || 531 || 147 || 556 || 158 || 562
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Malta}} || 35 || 18,215 || — || {{N/A}} || 37 || 18,461
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Marshall Islands}} || — || {{N/A}} || 100 || 2,433 || — || {{N/A}}
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mauritania}} || 132 || 952 || 133 || 847 || 142 || 843
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mauritius}} || 73 || 5,496 || 67 || 5,038 || 74 || 5,506
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mexico}} || 54 || 9,717 || 47 || 8,486 || 59 || 8,219
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Micronesia}} || — || {{N/A}} || 102 || 2,315 || — || {{N/A}}
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Moldova}} || 124 || 1,298 || 119 || 1,159 || 136 || 976
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mongolia}} || 121 || 1,489 || 115 || 1,491 || 128 || 1,323
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Montenegro}} || — || {{N/A}} || 58 || 5,928 || 82 || 4,343
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Morocco}} || 108 || 2,422 || 101 || 2,374 || 112 || 2,171
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mozambique}} || 163 || 397 || 159 || 363 || 170 || 362
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Namibia}} || 93 || 3,671 || 89 || 3,250 || 96 || 3,577
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nepal}} || 167 || 377 || 158 || 363 || 172 || 333
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Netherlands}} || 10 || 46,774 || 9 || 46,041 || 11 || 46,389
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|New Zealand}} || 26 || 30,390 || 23 || 30,599 || 27 || 30,999
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 133 || 946 || 124 || 1,013 || 134 || 1,008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Niger}} || 170 || 313 || 162 || 294 || 173 || 324
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nigeria}} || 126 || 1,161 || 120 || 1,120 || 130 || 1,164
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Norway}} || 2 || 83,485 || 2 || 81,111 || 3 || 84,595
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Oman}} || 40 || 15,714 || — || {{N/A}} || 48 || 12,492
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Pakistan}} || 138 || 909 || 131 || 884 || 141 || 849
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Palau}} || — || {{N/A}} || 49 || 8,200 || — || {{N/A}}
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Panama}} || 69 || 5,905 || 59 || 5,908 || 71 || 6,058
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || 130 || 991 || 127 || 990 || 133 || 1,034
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Paraguay}} || 114 || 1,982 || 107 || 1,961 || 122 || 1,630
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Peru}} || 87 || 3,826 || 77 || 3,910 || 92 || 3,787
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Philippines}} || 119 || 1,626 || 113 || 1,640 || 124 || 1,530
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Poland}} || 50 || 11,072 || 40 || 11,043 || 51 || 10,912
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Portugal}} || 32 || 21,082 || 27 || 20,762 || 34 || 20,981
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Qatar}} || 3 || 78,754 || — || {{N/A}} || 4 || 83,152
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Republic of China}} ([[Taiwan]]) || 37 || 16,697 || — || {{N/A}} || 40 || 16,768
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Romania}} || 61 || 7,697 || 51 || 7,703 || 62 || 7,452
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Russia}} || 56 || 9,075 || 44 || 9,115 || 56 || 9,124
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Rwanda}} || 168 || 355 || 161 || 341 || 171 || 335
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || 52 || 10,155 || 41 || 10,755 || 45 || 13,323
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Saint Lucia}} || 72 || 5,700 || 62 || 5,702 || 72 || 6,030
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || 75 || 5,199 || 70 || 4,608 || 79 || 4,731
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Samoa}} || 106 || 2,518 || 96 || 2,578 || 118 || 1,853
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 136 || 923 || 129 || 918 || 147 || 721
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 39 || 15,724 || 32 || 15,775 || 44 || 13,630
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Senegal}} || 137 || 915 || 130 || 898 || 140 || 888
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Serbia}} || 74 || 5,387 || 64 || 5,630 || 85 || 4,106
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Seychelles}} || 57 || 8,600 || 46 || 8,565 || 58 || 8,670
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 171 || 290 || 163 || 286 || 176 || 270
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Singapore}} || 21 || 35,163 || 19 || 35,160 || 24 || 35,427
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Slovakia}} || 42 || 13,857 || 34 || 13,887 || 43 || 13,766
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Slovenia}} || 30 || 22,933 || 26 || 22,523 || 32 || 22,934
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Solomon Islands}} || 142 || 741 || 138 || 745 || 152 || 631
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Somalia}} || — || {{N/A}} || — || {{N/A}} || 177 || 270
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|South Africa}} || 68 || 5,916 || 61 || 5,833 || 73 || 5,843
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Spain}} || 24 || 32,090 || 22 || 31,846 || 23 || 35,576
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 120 || 1,623 || 114 || 1,622 || 126 || 1,434
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sudan}} || 125 || 1,244 || 118 || 1,235 || 129 || 1,172
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Suriname}} || 81 || 4,599 || 68 || 4,893 || 77 || 5,106
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Swaziland}} || 102 || 2,838 || 97 || 2,569 || 108 || 2,591
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sweden}} || 8 || 49,603 || 7 || 48,584 || 9 || 50,415
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Switzerland}} || 6 || 58,513 || 6 || 55,035 || 8 || 56,111
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Syria}} || 113 || 2,008 || 109 || 1,914 || 115 || 1,955
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 153 || 578 || 148 || 551 || 159 || 525
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tanzania}} || 158 || 428 || 152 || 400 || 165 || 411
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Thailand}} || 92 || 3,732 || 78 || 3,851 || 93 || 3,776
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Timor-Leste}} || 157 || 440 || 157 || 371 || 164 || 423
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Togo}} || 165 || 387 || 154 || 379 || 163 || 438
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tonga}} || 109 || 2,397 || 104 || 2,287 || 117 || 1,873
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 38 || 16,042 || 33 || 14,990 || 36 || 19,591
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tunisia}} || 95 || 3,424 || 86 || 3,417 || 97 || 3,405
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Turkey}} || 55 || 9,569 || 45 || 8,893 || 55 || 9,323
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} || 77 || 5,052 || 95 || 2,606 || 76 || 5,280
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uganda}} || 166 || 381 || 160 || 363 || 169 || 371
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ukraine}} || 99 || 3,066 || 91 || 3,029 || 101 || 3,035
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 17 || 42,501 || — || {{N/A}} || 19 || 43,339
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 11 || 46,099 || 12 || 44,693 || 13 || 45,626
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United States}} || 12 || 45,725 || 10 || 45,790 || 12 || 45,959
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uruguay}} || 62 || 7,268 || 52 || 6,956 || 66 || 6,632
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 139 || 830 || 135 || 830 || 143 || 824
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 111 || 2,160 || 106 || 2,000 || 113 || 2,143
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Venezuela}} || 58 || 8,282 || 48 || 8,303 || 57 || 9,084
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Vietnam}} || 140 || 829 || 134 || 836 || 144 || 821
|-
| align="left" | ''{{flag|West Bank and Gaza}}'' || — || {{N/A}} || — || 1,036 || — || {{N/A}}
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Yemen}} || 131 || 979 || 125 || 1,006 || 137 || 974
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Zambia}} || 135 || 939 || 128 || 953 || 139 || 972
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 161 || 403 || — || {{N/A}} || 185 || 56<ref>[[Hyperinflation]] and the plunging value of the [[Zimbabwean dollar]] makes Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic. (The World Factbook, CIA)</ref>
|-
| align="left" | ''{{flag|World}}'' || — || {{N/A}} || — || 8,219 || — || 8,241<ref>[[Gross world product]]. (The World Factbook, CIA)</ref>
|}


==See also==
As conceptualized by the ''[[Polizeiwissenschaft]]'', the police had an economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of [[demographics]] concerns and of empowering the [[population]], which, according to [[mercantilist]] theory, was to be the main strength of the [[state]]. Thus, its functions largely overreached simple law enforcement activities and included [[public health]] concerns, [[urban planning]] (which was important because of the [[miasma theory of disease]]; thus, [[cemeteries]] were moved out of town, etc.), and surveillance of [[prices]].<ref> [[Michel Foucault]], ''Security, Territory, Population'', 1977-78 course (published 2004)</ref>.
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)]]
* [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]]
==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}


{{Lists of countries}}
Development of modern police was contemporary to the formation of the [[state]], later defined by sociologist [[Max Weber]] as achieving a "[[monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force]]" and which was primarily exercised by the police and the [[military]]. [[Marxist]] theory situates the development of the modern state as part of the rise of capitalism, in which the police are one component of the [[bourgeoisie]]'s repressive apparatus for subjugating the [[working class]].
{{Global economic classifications}}


[[Category:Lists by economic indicators|GDP (nominal) per capita]]
===19th century development===
[[Category:Lists of countries by per capita values]]
After the [[French Revolution]], [[Napoléon I]] reorganized the police in Paris and other cities with more than 5,000 inhabitants on [[February 17]], [[1800]] as the [[Prefecture of Police]]. On [[March 12]], [[1829]], a government decree created the first uniformed police in France, known as ''sergents de ville'' ("city sergeants"), which the Paris Prefecture of Police's website claims were the first uniformed policemen in the world.<ref>http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo4.htm</ref>
[[Category:Gross Domestic Product]]
[[Image:vehicle drug search australia.jpg|thumb|left|[[New South Wales Police Force]] officers search the vehicle of a suspected drug smuggler at a border crossing. [[Wentworth, New South Wales]], [[Australia]]]]


[[af:Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita]]
In the [[United Kingdom]], the development of police forces was much slower than in the rest of Europe. The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, was "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to ''[[Britannica 1911]]''). Prior to the [[19th century]], the only official use of the word "police" recorded in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the [[Marine Police Force|Marine Police]] in 1798 (set up to protect merchandise at the [[Port of London]]). Even today, many British police forces are suffixed with "Constabulary" rather than "Police".
[[bg:Страни по БВП (по номинална стойност) на глава от населението]]

[[de:Liste der Länder nach Bruttoinlandsprodukt pro Kopf]]
On [[June 30]] [[1800]], the authorities of [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] successfully petitioned the government to pass the [[Glasgow Police Act]] establishing the [[City of Glasgow Police]]. This was the first professional police service in the country and differed from previous law enforcement in that it was a [[preventive police]] force. Other Scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament.<ref>http://www.scotia-news.com/issue5/ISSUE05a.htm</ref>
[[el:Κατάλογος χωρών κατά κεφαλή ΑΕΠ]]

[[es:Anexo:Países por PIB (nominal) per cápita]]
The first organized police force in [[Ireland]] came about through the Peace Preservation Act of 1814, but the Irish Constabulary Act of 1822 marked the true beginning of the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]]. Among its first duties was the forcible seizure of tithes during the "[[Tithe War]]" on behalf of the Anglican clergy from the mainly Catholic population as well as the Presbyterian minority. The Act established a force in each barony with [[chief constable]]s and inspectors general under the control of the civil administration at [[Dublin Castle]]. By 1841 this force numbered over 8,600 men. The force had been rationalized and reorganized in an 1836 act and the first constabulary code of regulations was published in 1837. The discipline was tough and the pay poor. The police also faced unrest among the Irish rural poor, manifested in organizations like the [[Ribbonmen]], which attacked [[landlords]] and their property.
[[eo:Listo de landoj laŭ MEP po kapo]]

[[fr:Liste des pays par PIB (nominal) par habitant]]
In [[London]], night watchmen were the first paid law enforcement body in the country, augmenting the force of unpaid constables. They guarded the streets since 1663. On [[September 29]], [[1829]], the [[Metropolitan Police Act]] was passed by Parliament, allowing Sir [[Robert Peel]], the then [[home secretary]], to found the London [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]]. These police are often referred to as ´Bobbies´ after Sir Robert (Bobby) Peel, who introduced the Police Act. They became a model for the police forces in most countries, such as the [[United States]], and most of the [[British Empire]]. Bobbies can still be found in many parts of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. The primary role of the police in Britain was keeping the [[Queen's Peace]], which continues into the present day.<ref>http://www.together.gov.uk/article.asp?c=442&aid=1275</ref>
[[gl:Lista de países por PIB nominal per cápita]]

[[id:Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita]]
In Canada, the [[Toronto Police]] was founded in 1834, making it one of the first municipal police departments in [[North America]]. It was followed in 1838 by police forces in [[Montreal]] and [[Quebec City]].
[[is:Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu á mann (nafnvirði)]]

[[it:Lista di stati per PIL (nominale) procapite]]
In the [[United States]], the first organized police service was established in [[Boston]] in 1838, [[New York City|New York]] in 1844, and Philadelphia in 1854. However, in the Founding Era, and even well into the 20th century in some parts of the country, law enforcement was done by private citizens acting as [[militia]].
[[lt:Sąrašas:Šalys pagal BVP gyventojui]]

[[ms:Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal) per kapita]]
In [[Lebanon]], modern police were established in 1861, with creation of the [[Gendarmerie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isf.gov.lb/English/LeftMenu/General+Info/History/ |title=Historical overview |publisher=Interior Security Forces (Lebanon) |accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>
[[nl:Lijst van landen naar BBP per capita]]

[[ja:国の国内総生産順リスト]]
In [[Australia]] with the passing of the Police Regulation Act, 1862, the [[New South Wales Police Force]] was established and essentially tightly regulated and centralised all of the police forces operating throughout the Colony of New South Wales.
[[nds:List vun de Länner na dat Bruttobinnenlandprodukt pro Kopp]]

[[pt:Lista de países por PIB nominal per capita]]
{{see also|History of criminal justice}}
[[ro:Listă de ţări în funcţie de PIB pe cap de locuitor]]

[[te:దేశాల జాబితా – తలసరి నామినల్ జి.డి.పి. క్రమంలో]]
==Personnel and organization==
[[vi:Danh sách quốc gia theo GDP bình quân đầu người]]
In most Western police forces, perhaps the most significant division is between preventive (uniformed) police and [[detective]]s. Terminology varies from country to country. Police functions include protecting life and property, enforcing [[criminal law]], criminal investigations, regulating traffic, crowd control, and other public safety duties.
[[tr:Ülkelerin kişi başına GSYİH’ya (nominal) göre sıralanışı]]

[[zh:各国人均国内生产总值列表 (国际汇率)]]
===Uniformed police===
Preventive Police, also called Uniform Branch, Uniformed Police, Uniform Division, Administrative Police, Order Police, or Patrol, designates the police which patrol and respond to emergencies and other incidents, as opposed to detective services. As the name "uniformed" suggests, they wear [[uniform]]s and perform functions that require an immediate recognition of an officer's legal authority, such as [[traffic]] control, stopping and detaining motorists, and more active crime response and prevention. Preventive police almost always make up the bulk of a police service's personnel. In [[Australia]] and Britain, patrol personnel are also known as "general duties" officers.<ref name="bayley-1979">{{cite journal |author=Bayley, David H. |title=Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies |journal=Crime & Justice |volume=1 |year=1979 |pages=pp. 109-143 |id={{NCJ|63672}}}}</ref> Atypically, [[Brazil]]'s preventive police are known as [[Military Police (Brazil)|Military Police]].{{Fact|date=November 2007}}

===Detectives===
Police detectives, (called [[Criminal Investigation Department|Criminal Investigation Department (CID)]] in the [[UK]]), Investigations Police, Judiciary/Judicial Police, or Criminal Police, are responsible for investigations and detective work. They typically make up roughly 15% - 25% of a police service's personnel.

Detectives, in contrast to uniform police, typically wear 'business attire' in bureaucratic and investigative functions where a uniformed presence would be either a distraction or intimidating, but a need to establish police authority still exists. "Plainclothes" officers dress in attire consistent with that worn by the general public for purposes of blending in. In some cases, police are assigned to work "undercover", where they conceal their police identity to investigate crimes, such as [[organized crime]] or [[narcotic]]s crime, that are unsolvable by other means. In some cases this type of policing shares aspects with [[espionage]].

Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of time, after which officers must transfer out or return to patrol duties. This is done in part based upon the perception that the most important and essential police work is accomplished on patrol in which officers become acquainted with their beats, prevent crime by their presence, respond to crimes in progress, manage crises, and practice their skills. Detectives, by contrast, usually investigate crimes after they have occurred and after patrol officers have responded first to a situation. Investigations often take weeks or months to complete, during which time detectives spend much of their time away from the streets, in interviews and courtrooms, for example. Rotating officers also promotes [[cross-training]] in a wider variety of skills, and serves to prevent "cliques" that can contribute to corruption or other unethical behavior.

===Auxiliary===
Police may also take on [[Auxiliary police|auxiliary]] administrative duties, such as issuing firearms licenses. The extent that police have these functions varies among countries, with police in [[France]], [[Germany]], and other [[continental Europe]]an countries handling such tasks to a greater extent than British counterparts.<ref name="bayley-1979"/>

[[Image:US Customs and Border Protection officers.jpg|thumb|right|Many law enforcement agencies have heavily armed units for dealing with dangerous situations, such as these [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] officers]]

===Specialized units===
Specialized preventive and detective groups exist within many law enforcement organizations either for dealing with particular types of crime, such as traffic law enforcement and crash investigation, [[homicide]], or [[fraud]]; or for situations requiring specialized skills, such as [[Scuba diving|underwater search]], [[aviation]], [[Bomb disposal|explosive device disposal]] ("[[bomb squad]]"), and [[computer crime]]. Most larger jurisdictions also employ specially-selected and trained quasi-military units armed with military-grade weapons for the purposes of dealing with particularly violent situations beyond the capability of a patrol officer response, including high-risk warrant service and barricaded suspects. In the United States these units go by a [[List of Special Response Units in the United States|variety of names]], but are commonly known as [[SWAT]] (Special Weapons And Tactics) teams. Because their situational mandate typically focuses on removing innocent bystanders from dangerous people and dangerous situations, not violent resolution, they are often equipped with non-lethal tactical tools like [[chemical agents]], "[[Hand grenade#Stun grenades|flashbang]]" and concussion grenades, and rubber bullets. The London Metropolitan police's [[Specialist Firearms Command]] (CO19) is a group of armed police used in dangerous situations including, hostage taking, armed robbery/assault and terrorism.

===Military police===
There are several types of military police services:
*[[Gendarmerie]]s are military force which polices a civilian population.
*[[Provost (Military Police)|Provost]] services are military police services that work within the armed forces.
*[[Constabulary]] A civilian police force trained and organized along military lines.

==Varying jurisdictions==
{{more|:Category:United States specialist police departments}}

In addition to conventional urban or regional police forces, there are other police forces with specialized functions or jurisdiction.In the [[United States]], the [[federal]] [[United States government|government]] has a number of police forces with their own specialized jurisdictions. Some example are the [[United States Federal Protective Service|Federal Protective Service]], which patrols and protects government buildings; the [[United States Postal Inspection Service|postal police]], which protect postal building, vehicles and items; the [[United States Park Police|Park Police]], which protect national parks, or [[Amtrak Police]] which patrol [[Amtrak]] stations and trains..

There are also some government agencies which perform police functions in addition to other duties. The [[United States Coast Guard|U.S. Coast Guard]] carries out many police functions for boaters.

In major cities, there may be a separate police agency for public transit systems, such as the [[New York City]] [[Port Authority Police]] or the [[MTA police]], or for major government functions, such as sanitation, or environmental functions.

[[Image:RUC PSNI Dungiven.JPG|thumb|left|250px|A [[PSNI]]/[[RUC]] barracks in [[Northern Ireland]]. The high walls are to protect against [[mortar (weapon)|mortar]] bomb attacks.]]
== Armament and equipment ==
In many jurisdictions, police officers carry [[firearm]]s, primarily handguns, in the normal course of their duties.

Police often have specialist units for handling armed offenders, and similar dangerous situations, and can (depending on local laws), in some extreme circumstances, call on the [[military]] (since [[Military Aid to the Civil Power]] is a role of many armed forces). Perhaps the most high-profile example of this was, in [[1980]] the [[Metropolitan Police]] handing control of the [[Iranian Embassy Siege]] to the [[Special Air Service]]. They can also be equipped with [[non-lethal force|non-lethal]] (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for [[riot control]]. Non-lethal weapons include [[club (weapon)|baton]]s, [[riot control agent]]s, [[rubber bullet]]s and [[electroshock weapon]]s. The use of firearms or [[deadly force]] is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. Police officers often carry [[handcuffs]] to restrain suspects.

Modern police forces make extensive use of [[radio]] communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating the officer's daily activity log and other required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include [[flashlight]]s/torches, [[whistle]]s, and [[police notebook]]s and "ticketbooks" or [[summons|citations]].

=== Vehicles ===
[[Image:NZHighway patrol.jpg|thumb|right|Old model [[New Zealand Police]] highway patrol vehicle]]
{{main|Police car}}
Police vehicles are used for detaining, patrolling and transporting. The common Police patrol vehicle is an improved four door [[sedan]] (saloon in British English). Police vehicles are usually marked with appropriate logos and are equipped with sirens and lightbars to aid in making others aware of police presence. Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some cities and counties have started using unmarked cars, or cars with minimal markings for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators.

[[Motorcycle]]s are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to access, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where the motorcycle policeman can quickly clear a path for the escorted vehicle. [[Bicycle]] patrols are used in some areas because they allow for more open interaction with the public. In addition, their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot.

Police departments utilize an array of specialty vehicles such as helicopters, watercraft, command post, vans, trucks, all terrain vehicles, motorcycles, and SWAT armored vehicles.

[[Image:Nash Bearcat.JPG|thumb|left|Police Lenco Bearcat CBRNE Armored Rescue Vehicle [[Metropolitan Nashville Police SWAT]]]]

==Strategies==
The advent of the police car, [[two-way radio]], and telephone in the early 20th century transformed policing into a reactive strategy that focused on responding to [[calls for service]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Reiss Jr, Albert J. |title=Police Organization in the Twentieth Century |journal=Crime and Justice |year=1992 |volume=51 |pages=p. 51 |id={{NCJ|138800}}}}</ref> With this transformation, police command and control became more centralized. [[August Vollmer]] introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Finest of the Finest |publisher=TIME Magazine |date=February 18, 1966 |url=http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899019,00.html}}</ref> [[Orlando Winfield Wilson|O.W. Wilson]], a student of Vollmer, helped reduce [[police corruption|corruption]] and introduce professionalism in [[Wichita, Kansas]], and later in the [[Chicago Police Department]].<ref name="cdlib">{{cite web |url=http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf3v19n6s0&doc.view=entire_text |title=Guide to the Orlando Winfield Wilson Papers, ca. 1928-1972 |publisher=Online Archive of California |accessdate=2006-10-20}}</ref> Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict [[merit]] system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive, recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers.<ref name="nytimes-1960">{{cite news |title=Chicago Chooses Criminologist to Head and Clean Up the Police |publisher=United Press International/The New York Times |date=February 22, 1960}}</ref> During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with [[felony|felonies]] and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on [[crime prevention]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change |author=Kelling, George L., Mary A. Wycoff |date=December 2002 |publisher=National Institute of Justice |id={{NCJ|198029}}}}</ref>

[[Image:Police-antiemeute-p1000485.jpg|thumb|right|Anti-riot armoured vehicle of the police of the Canton of [[Vaud]] in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]]]]

The [[Kansas City preventive patrol experiment|Kansas City Preventive Patrol study]] in the 1970s found this approach to policing to be ineffective. Patrol officers in cars were disconnected from the community, and had insufficient contact and interaction with the community.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.policefoundation.org/pdf/kcppe.pdf |title=The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment - A Summary Report |publisher=Police Foundation |author=Kelling, George L., Tony Pate, Duane Dieckman, Charles E. Brown |year=1974}}</ref> In the 1980s and 1990s, many law enforcement agencies began to adopt [[community policing]] strategies, and others adopted [[problem-oriented policing]]. [[Fixing Broken Windows|Broken windows]] policing was another, related approach introduced in the 1980s by [[James Q. Wilson]] and [[George L. Kelling]], who suggested that police should pay greater attention to minor "quality of life" offenses and disorderly conduct. This method was first introduced and made popular by New York City Mayor, Rudy Guiliani, in the early 1990's. The concept is simple, the ideology is that broken windows, graffiti, and other physical destruction or degradation of property, greatly increases the chances of more criminal activities and destruction of property. When criminals see the abandoned vehicles, trash, and deplorable property, they assume that authorities do not care and do not take active approaches to correct problems in these areas. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/198203/broken-windows |title=Broken Windows |publisher=Atlantic Monthly |date=March 1982 |author=Kelling, George L., James Q. Wilson |format=subscription}}</ref> Building upon these earlier models, [[intelligence-led policing]] has emerged as the dominant philosophy guiding police strategy. Intelligence-led policing and problem-oriented policing are complementary strategies, both which involve systematic use of information.<ref>{{cite paper |author=Tilley, Nick |title=Problem-Oriented Policing, Intelligence-Led Policing and the National Intelligence Model |publisher=Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London |url=http://www.jdi.ucl.ac.uk/publications/short_reports/problem_oriented_policing.php |date=2003}}</ref> Although it still lacks a universally accepted definition, the crux of intelligence-led policing is an emphasis on the collection and analysis of information to guide police operations, rather than the reverse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intelligence-led policing: A Definition|publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/crimint/intelligence_e.htm|accessdate=2007-06-15}}</ref>

== Power restrictions ==

[[Image:AFP-lbt-truck.jpg|thumb|Large breath testing truck of the [[Australian Federal Police]] in [[Canberra]], [[Australia]]]]
In many nations, [[criminal procedure]] law has been developed to regulate officers' discretion, so that they do not arbitrarily or unjustly exercise their powers of [[arrest]], [[search and seizure]], and [[use of force]]. In the United States, ''[[Miranda v. Arizona]]'' led to the widespread use of [[Miranda warning]]s or constitutional warnings. Police in the United States are also prohibited from holding criminal suspects for more than a reasonable amount of time (usually 72 hours) before [[arraignment]], using [[torture]] to extract [[confession]]s, using excessive force to effect an arrest, and searching suspects' bodies or their homes without a warrant obtained upon a showing of [[probable cause]]. Using deception for confessions is permitted, but not coercion. There are exceptions or exigent circumstances such as an articulated need to disarm a suspect or searching a suspect who has already been arrested (Search Incident to an Arrest). The [[Posse Comitatus Act]] severely restricts the use of the military for police activity, giving added importance to police [[SWAT]] units.

British police officers are governed by similar rules, particularly those introduced under the [[Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984]] (PACE), but generally have greater powers. They may, for example, legally search any suspect who has been arrested, or their vehicles, home or business premises, without a warrant, and may seize anything they find in a search as evidence. All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of police operations, such as a power to authorize a search of a suspect's house (section 18 PACE) by an officer of the rank of Inspector, or the power to authorize a suspect's detention beyond 24 hours by a Superintendent.

{{see also|Police power}}

== Conduct and accountability==
[[Image:carabinieri.motorcycle.in.rome.arp.jpg|thumb|right|[[Motorcycle]] of the [[Italy|Italian]] [[Carabinieri]]]]
Police services commonly include units for investigating crimes committed by the police themselves. These units are typically called Inspectorate-General, or in the USA, "[[Internal affairs (law enforcement)|internal affairs]]". In some countries separate organizations outside the police exist for such purposes, such as the British [[Police Complaints Authority]] (now [[Independent Police Complaints Commission]]). Likewise, some state and local jurisdictions, for example, [[Springfield, Illinois]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Police review board gets started|subhead=Too early to judge its effectiveness, chairman says|author=Amanda Reavy|url=http://www.sj-r.com/sections/news/stories/112655.asp|work=The State Journal-Register Online}}</ref> have similar outside review organizations. The [[Police Service of Northern Ireland]] is investigated by the [[Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland]], an external agency set up as a result of the Patten report into policing the province.

[[Image:Lamborghini Polizia.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lamborghini Gallardo]] of the [[Italy|Italian]] [[Polizia di Stato|State Police]]]]
[[Image:Mounted policeman in Oslo (Norway).jpg|thumb|Norwegian mounted policeman, [[Oslo]]]]

===Use of force===
Police forces also find themselves under criticism for their use of force, particularly [[deadly force]]. Specifically, tension increases when a police officer of one race harms or kills a suspect of another race. In the United States, such events occasionally spark protests and accusations of racism against police and allegations that police departments practice [[racial profiling]].

In the United States since the 1960s, concern over such issues has increasingly weighed upon law enforcement agencies, courts and legislatures at every level of government. Incidents such as the 1965 [[Watts Riots]], the videotaped 1991 beating by [[Los Angeles Police Department|Los Angeles Police]] officers of [[Rodney King]], and the [[1992 Los Angeles Riot|riot]] following their acquittal have been seen as evidence that U.S. police as dangerously lacking in appropriate controls. The fact that this trend has occurred contemporaneously with the rise of the US [[civil rights movement]], the "[[War on Drugs]]," and a precipitous rise in violent crime from the 1960s to the 1990s has made questions surrounding the role, administration and scope of police authority increasingly complicated. {{Fact|date=November 2007}}

Police departments and the local governments that oversee them in some jurisdictions have attempted to mitigate some of these issues through community [[outreach]] programmes and [[community policing]] to make the police more accessible to the concerns of local communities, by working to increase hiring diversity, by updating training of police in their responsibilities to the community and under the law, and by increased oversight within the department or by civilian commissions. In cases in which such measures have been lacking or absent, civil law suits have been brought by the [[United States Department of Justice]] against local law enforcement agencies, authorized under the 1994 [[Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act]]. This has compelled local departments to make organizational changes, enter into [[consent decree]] settlements to adopt such measures, and submit to oversight by the Justice Department.<ref>{{cite book |title=The New World of Police Accountability |author=Walker, Samuel |date=2005 |publisher=Sage |pages=p. 5}}</ref>{{Fact|date=November 2007}}

[[Image:Serbian organised crime division SWAT unit UBPOK in action.jpg|thumb|right|[[Serbia]]n organised crime division [[SWAT]] unit [[Serbian Ministry of the Interior#UBPOK|UBPOK]] in action]]

== International forces ==
{{main|Law enforcement by country}}
In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several police or police-like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law. The [[United States]] has a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement, with over 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ojp.gov/bjs/lawenf.htm |title=Law Enforcement Statistics |publisher=Bureau of Justice Statistics |accessdate=2007-05-23}}</ref> Other countries, such as [[Chile]], [[Israel]], and [[Austria]], use a centralized system of policing.<ref>{{cite book |title=Challenges of Policing Democracies: A World Perspective |author=Das, Dilip K., Otwin Marenin |publisher=Routledge |year=2000 |pages=p. 17}}</ref> Though the [[United States]] and other countries have multiple police forces, for the most part their jurisdictions do not overlap. In some countries, jurisdiction of multiple police agencies overlap, as with [[Guardia Civil]] and the [[Policía Nacional (Spain)|Policía Nacional]] in [[Spain]] and the [[Polizia di Stato]] and [[Carabinieri]] in [[Italy]].<ref name="bayley-1979"/>

Most countries are members of the [[International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol|International Criminal Police Organization]] (Interpol), established to detect and fight trans-national crime and provide for international co-operation and co-ordination of other police activities, such as notifying relatives of the death of foreign nationals. Interpol does not conduct investigations nor arrests by itself, but only serves as a central point for information on crime, suspects and criminals. [[Political crime]]s are excluded from its competencies.

== See also ==
{{Commons}}
{{wiktionary}}
* [[Chief of police]]
* [[Criminal justice]]
* [[Fraternal Order of Police]]
* [[List of protective service agencies]]
* [[List of law enforcement agencies]]
* [[Law enforcement agency]]
* [[Law enforcement by country]]
* [[The Officer Down Memorial Page, Inc]]
* [[Public Security]]
* [[Public administration]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Law}}

[[Category:Law enforcement|Law enforcement]]
[[Category:Legal occupations]]

[[ar:شرطة]]
[[ast:Policía]]
[[bar:Kibara]]
[[bs:Policija]]
[[bg:Полиция]]
[[ca:Policia]]
[[cs:Policie]]
[[cy:Heddlu]]
[[da:Politi]]
[[de:Polizei]]
[[et:Politsei]]
[[el:Αστυνομία]]
[[es:Policía]]
[[eo:Polico]]
[[eu:Polizia]]
[[fr:Police (institution)]]
[[ko:경찰]]
[[hi:पुलिस]]
[[hr:Policija]]
[[id:Polisi]]
[[it:Polizia]]
[[he:משטרה]]
[[lt:Policija]]
[[hu:Rendőrség]]
[[ms:Polis]]
[[nl:Politie]]
[[ja:警察]]
[[no:Politi]]
[[nn:Politi]]
[[pl:Policja]]
[[pt:Polícia]]
[[qu:Chapaq]]
[[ru:Полиция]]
[[sq:Policia]]
[[scn:Polizzia]]
[[simple:Police]]
[[sk:Polícia]]
[[sl:Policija]]
[[sr:Полиција]]
[[sh:Policija]]
[[fi:Poliisi]]
[[sv:Polis]]
[[th:ตำรวจ]]
[[vi:Cảnh sát]]
[[tr:Polis]]
[[yi:פאליציי]]
[[zh:警察]]

Revision as of 15:04, 10 October 2008

Map of countries by 2007 GDP (nominal) per capita (IMF, April 2008).

This article includes three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, converted at market exchange rates to current U.S. dollars, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.

The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results can vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations may change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population. Therefore these figures should be used with caution.

Comparisons of national wealth are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries. (See List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.) PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem, but has its own drawbacks. It does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than GDP per capita figures.

Great care should be taken when using either set of figures to compare the wealth of two countries. Often people who wish to promote or denigrate a country will use the figure that suits their case best and ignore the other one, which may be substantially different, but a valid comparison of two economies should take both rankings into account, as well as utilising other economic data to put an economy in context.

Several economies which are not considered to be countries (world, EU, and some dependent territories) are included in the list because they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison.

All data are in United States dollars. Non-sovereign entities or other special groupings are marked in italics.

Note: To sort the table in descending order, click twice on the square above the column you wish to sort by.

Country Rank IMF[1] Rank WB[2] Rank CIA[3]
AAAA -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9
ZZZZ 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999
 Afghanistan 169 350 — — 175 277
 Albania 96 3,401 87 3,323 102 2,950
 Algeria 86 3,903 76 3,996 88 3,945
 Angola 90 3,756 84 3,440 78 5,003
 Antigua and Barbuda 44 13,079 36 12,071 47 13,054
 Argentina 66 6,609 56 6,641 68 6,492
 Armenia 104 2,659 90 3,058 105 2,683
 Australia 15 43,163 17 39,098 16 43,798
 Austria 13 44,852 11 45,343 14 45,599
 Azerbaijan 94 3,632 83 3,646 91 3,857
 Bahamas, The 34 19,736 — — 33 21,547
 Bahrain 31 22,771 — — 29 27,746
 Bangladesh 156 463 151 427 161 481
 Barbados 45 12,404 — — 46 13,309
 Belarus 80 4,656 69 4,615 80 4,604
 Belgium 16 42,618 13 42,213 17 43,648
 Belize 84 4,108 72 4,191 83 4,324
 Benin 146 709 145 601 150 656
 Bhutan 116 1,841 112 1,668 116 1,943
 Bolivia 123 1,352 117 1,378 125 1,446
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 89 3,809 74 4,014 99 3,247
 Botswana 60 7,933 57 6,263 64 6,780
 Brazil 64 6,938 53 6,859 65 6,776
 Brunei 25 31,879 — — 26 33,077
 Bulgaria 76 5,186 65 5,175 75 5,409
 Burkina Faso 155 492 150 458 162 472
 Burma 175 234 — — 174 286
 Burundi 179 125 170 115 184 119
 Cambodia 152 606 146 597 157 615
 Cameroon 128 1,097 121 1,114 131 1,143
 Canada 14 43,674 15 40,222 18 43,478
 Cape Verde 100 2,925 94 2,706 98 3,365
 Central African Republic 162 402 153 394 166 392
 Chad 143 734 142 658 148 718
 Chile 53 9,884 42 9,877 53 10,047
 China, People's Republic of 107 2,483 99 2,485 109 2,459
 Colombia 82 4,264 81 3,729 90 3,867
 Comoros 144 729 139 717 154 621
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 178 171 169 144 183 157
 Congo, Republic of the 112 2,159 105 2,030 114 2,015
 Costa Rica 70 5,904 63 5,653 69 6,342
 Côte d'Ivoire 129 1,057 123 1,016 135 993
 Croatia 47 11,555 38 11,554 50 11,430
 Cuba — — — — 87 4,000
 Cyprus 28 27,047 24 27,036 30 27,015
 Czech Republic 36 16,956 30 16,271 39 17,138
 Denmark 7 57,137 5 56,427 7 57,040
 Djibouti 127 1,111 126 996 120 1,694
 Dominica 78 4,685 71 4,493 84 4,297
 Dominican Republic 79 4,671 80 3,762 89 3,886
 Ecuador 97 3,335 88 3,312 100 3,212
 Egypt 117 1,739 111 1,697 123 1,592
 El Salvador 101 2,857 92 2,950 103 2,932
 Equatorial Guinea 51 10,436[4] 29 19,533 38 17,490
 Eritrea 172 271 165 248 179 246
 Estonia 41 15,569 31 15,856 41 16,171
 Ethiopia 174 252 166 245 180 243
 European Union — — — — — 33,889
 Fiji 88 3,824 73 4,097 94 3,710
 Finland 9 46,856 8 46,515 10 46,769
 France 18 42,034 14 41,523 21 40,200
 Gabon 59 8,085 50 8,011 60 7,759
 Gambia, The 160 405 155 377 167 387
 Georgia 110 2,340 103 2,315 110 2,215
 Germany 19 40,400 16 40,079 20 40,315
 Ghana 148 690 143 650 151 648
 Greece 27 28,152 21 32,166 28 29,385
 Grenada 71 5,708 66 5,130 67 6,555
 Guatemala 105 2,532 98 2,505 106 2,647
 Guinea-Bissau 176 213 167 211 181 233
 Guinea 159 417 149 487 160 493
 Guyana 122 1,411 116 1,413 127 1,351
 Haiti 147 699 144 638 153 624
 Honduras 118 1,635 110 1,732 121 1,641
 Hong Kong — 29,753 — 29,845 — 29,611
 Hungary 43 13,745 35 13,741 42 13,901
 Iceland 4 64,548 3 62,733 5 66,240
 India 134 942 122 1,042 138 973
 Indonesia 115 1,925 108 1,918 119 1,845
 Iran 85 3,981 79 3,815 81 4,497
 Iraq — — — — 111 2,186
 Ireland 5 60,209 4 58,399 6 62,934
 Israel 29 23,579 25 22,563 31 23,161
 Italy 20 35,745 18 35,494 22 36,201
 Jamaica 83 4,195 75 4,012 86 4,029
 Japan 22 34,296 20 34,254 25 34,402
 Jordan 103 2,766 93 2,768 107 2,645
 Kazakhstan 65 6,748 55 6,708 63 6,791
 Kenya 141 780 137 786 145 794
 Kiribati 149 686 132 853 155 621
 Korea, North — — — — 132 1,114
 Korea, South 33 20,015 28 19,983 35 19,836
 Kuwait 23 33,687 — — 15 44,421
 Kyrgyzstan 145 713 141 669 149 709
 Laos 150 669 140 684 156 618
 Latvia 46 11,908 37 11,931 49 12,098
 Lebanon 67 6,569 60 5,858 70 6,277
 Lesotho 151 664 136 798 146 753
 Liberia 177 196 168 193 182 228
 Libya 49 11,484 43 9,476 54 9,452
 Liechtenstein — — — — 1 106,082[5]
 Lithuania 48 11,515 39 11,353 52 10,726
 Luxembourg 1 103,125 1 99,879 2 104,452
 Macedonia, Republic of 91 3,751 82 3,726 95 3,647
 Madagascar 164 392 156 372 168 376
 Malawi 173 266 164 255 178 260
 Malaysia 63 6,956 54 6,807 61 7,509
 Maldives 98 3,067 85 3,439 104 2,874
 Mali 154 531 147 556 158 562
 Malta 35 18,215 — — 37 18,461
 Marshall Islands — — 100 2,433 — —
 Mauritania 132 952 133 847 142 843
 Mauritius 73 5,496 67 5,038 74 5,506
 Mexico 54 9,717 47 8,486 59 8,219
 Micronesia — — 102 2,315 — —
 Moldova 124 1,298 119 1,159 136 976
 Mongolia 121 1,489 115 1,491 128 1,323
 Montenegro — — 58 5,928 82 4,343
 Morocco 108 2,422 101 2,374 112 2,171
 Mozambique 163 397 159 363 170 362
 Namibia 93 3,671 89 3,250 96 3,577
   Nepal 167 377 158 363 172 333
 Netherlands 10 46,774 9 46,041 11 46,389
 New Zealand 26 30,390 23 30,599 27 30,999
 Nicaragua 133 946 124 1,013 134 1,008
 Niger 170 313 162 294 173 324
 Nigeria 126 1,161 120 1,120 130 1,164
 Norway 2 83,485 2 81,111 3 84,595
 Oman 40 15,714 — — 48 12,492
 Pakistan 138 909 131 884 141 849
 Palau — — 49 8,200 — —
 Panama 69 5,905 59 5,908 71 6,058
 Papua New Guinea 130 991 127 990 133 1,034
 Paraguay 114 1,982 107 1,961 122 1,630
 Peru 87 3,826 77 3,910 92 3,787
 Philippines 119 1,626 113 1,640 124 1,530
 Poland 50 11,072 40 11,043 51 10,912
 Portugal 32 21,082 27 20,762 34 20,981
 Qatar 3 78,754 — — 4 83,152
 Republic of China (Taiwan) 37 16,697 — — 40 16,768
 Romania 61 7,697 51 7,703 62 7,452
 Russia 56 9,075 44 9,115 56 9,124
 Rwanda 168 355 161 341 171 335
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 52 10,155 41 10,755 45 13,323
 Saint Lucia 72 5,700 62 5,702 72 6,030
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 75 5,199 70 4,608 79 4,731
 Samoa 106 2,518 96 2,578 118 1,853
 São Tomé and Príncipe 136 923 129 918 147 721
 Saudi Arabia 39 15,724 32 15,775 44 13,630
 Senegal 137 915 130 898 140 888
 Serbia 74 5,387 64 5,630 85 4,106
 Seychelles 57 8,600 46 8,565 58 8,670
 Sierra Leone 171 290 163 286 176 270
 Singapore 21 35,163 19 35,160 24 35,427
 Slovakia 42 13,857 34 13,887 43 13,766
 Slovenia 30 22,933 26 22,523 32 22,934
 Solomon Islands 142 741 138 745 152 631
 Somalia — — — — 177 270
 South Africa 68 5,916 61 5,833 73 5,843
 Spain 24 32,090 22 31,846 23 35,576
 Sri Lanka 120 1,623 114 1,622 126 1,434
 Sudan 125 1,244 118 1,235 129 1,172
 Suriname 81 4,599 68 4,893 77 5,106
 Swaziland 102 2,838 97 2,569 108 2,591
 Sweden 8 49,603 7 48,584 9 50,415
  Switzerland 6 58,513 6 55,035 8 56,111
 Syria 113 2,008 109 1,914 115 1,955
 Tajikistan 153 578 148 551 159 525
 Tanzania 158 428 152 400 165 411
 Thailand 92 3,732 78 3,851 93 3,776
 Timor-Leste 157 440 157 371 164 423
 Togo 165 387 154 379 163 438
 Tonga 109 2,397 104 2,287 117 1,873
 Trinidad and Tobago 38 16,042 33 14,990 36 19,591
 Tunisia 95 3,424 86 3,417 97 3,405
 Turkey 55 9,569 45 8,893 55 9,323
 Turkmenistan 77 5,052 95 2,606 76 5,280
 Uganda 166 381 160 363 169 371
 Ukraine 99 3,066 91 3,029 101 3,035
 United Arab Emirates 17 42,501 — — 19 43,339
 United Kingdom 11 46,099 12 44,693 13 45,626
 United States 12 45,725 10 45,790 12 45,959
 Uruguay 62 7,268 52 6,956 66 6,632
 Uzbekistan 139 830 135 830 143 824
 Vanuatu 111 2,160 106 2,000 113 2,143
 Venezuela 58 8,282 48 8,303 57 9,084
 Vietnam 140 829 134 836 144 821
 West Bank and Gaza — — — 1,036 — —
 Yemen 131 979 125 1,006 137 974
 Zambia 135 939 128 953 139 972
 Zimbabwe 161 403 — — 185 56[6]
Template:Country data World — — — 8,219 — 8,241[7]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Data refer to the year 2007. World Economic Outlook Database-October 2008, International Monetary Fund. Accessed on October 8, 2008.
  2. ^ Data refer to the year 2007. Total GDP 2007 & Population 2007, World Development Indicators database, World Bank, September 10, 2008. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the Total GDP data by the Population data.
  3. ^ Data refer to the year 2007. GDP (official exchange rate), The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. GDP data last updated on October 2, 2008; Total Midyear Population-2007, U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base, accessed on October 4, 2008; European Union population obtained from an archived version of The World Factbook, CIA, dated May 10, 2007. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the GDP (official exchange rate) data by the Population data.
  4. ^ The IMF is using a 2007 population estimate based on a 2001 census whose validity has been called into question. A 2003 U.S. State Department report on Equatorial Guinea stated that "although the 2002 (sic) census estimated the population at 1,015,000, credible estimates put the number at closer to 500,000. The opposition claimed that the Government inflated the census in anticipation of the December presidential election. (...) Opposition leaders charged earlier in the year that census results showing a twofold population increase were flawed and that numbers were inflated to perpetuate election fraud." [1]
  5. ^ The value from the original source has been changed, due to the CIA World Factbook reporting a GDP for Liechtenstein of $36.33 billion, resulting in a GDP per capita of $1,060,823, which is not in line with data from either the US State Department nor the government of Liechtenstein. A Liechtenstein government website called Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein reports that the provisional GDP for 2005 was CHF4.5553 billion and the mid-year population for 2005 was 34,734, giving a GDP per capita of CHF131,148. Using the average exchange rate of the Swiss franc to the US dollar in 2005, as given by the CIA, this results in a GDP of US$3.658 billion and GDP per capita of US$105,323. The United States Department of State reports a Liechtenstein GDP for 2004 of CHF4.28 billion on its country profile article dated April 2008.
  6. ^ Hyperinflation and the plunging value of the Zimbabwean dollar makes Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic. (The World Factbook, CIA)
  7. ^ Gross world product. (The World Factbook, CIA)

Template:Lists of countries

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