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== Activities ==
== Activities ==
In addition to providing a neutral home where Linux kernel development can be protected and accelerated, the Linux Foundation is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open-source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=Abhishek |title=Linus Torvalds: 20 Facts About the Creator of Linux |url=https://itsfoss.com/linus-torvalds-facts/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=itsfoss.com |date=29 December 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> The foundation also hosts collaborative events among the Linux technical community, software developers, industries, and end users to solve pressing issues facing Linux and open source.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=The Linux Foundation became a force in enterprise tech. Is that a problem?|url=https://www.protocol.com/linux-foundation-open-source-enterprise|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Protocol|language=en}}</ref>
In addition to providing a neutral home where [[Linux kernel]] development can be protected and accelerated, the Linux Foundation is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open-source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=Abhishek |title=Linus Torvalds: 20 Facts About the Creator of Linux |url=https://itsfoss.com/linus-torvalds-facts/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=itsfoss.com |date=29 December 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref> The foundation also hosts collaborative events among the Linux technical community, software developers, industries, and end users to solve pressing issues facing Linux and open source.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=The Linux Foundation became a force in enterprise tech. Is that a problem?|url=https://www.protocol.com/linux-foundation-open-source-enterprise|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Protocol|language=en}}</ref>


=== Events ===
=== Events ===

Revision as of 15:36, 4 August 2023

The Linux Foundation
Predecessor
Formation2000; 24 years ago (2000)
Type501(c)(6) organization
PurposeBuild sustainable ecosystems around open source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.

Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Brussels, Belgium
Membership
1,000+ corporate members[1]
Executive Director
Jim Zemlin
Key people
Key people
Employees
150
Websitewww.linuxfoundation.org

The Linux Foundation (LF) is a non-profit technology consortium that hosts and promotes the collaborative development of open-source software projects.[2][3][4]

Activities

In addition to providing a neutral home where Linux kernel development can be protected and accelerated, the Linux Foundation is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open-source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.[5] The foundation also hosts collaborative events among the Linux technical community, software developers, industries, and end users to solve pressing issues facing Linux and open source.[6]

Events

The Linux Foundation supports the free software movement by offering technical information and education through its annual events, such as Open Source Leadership Summit, Linux Kernel Developers Summit and the Open Source Summit.[7] A developer travel fund is available to support these efforts.[8]

Linux Foundation events in 2017, for example, were expected to attract nearly 25,000 developers, maintainers, system administrators, thought leaders, business executives and other industry professionals from more than 4,000 organizations across 85 countries. Many open source projects also co-locate their events at the Linux Foundation events to take advantage of the cross-community collaboration with projects in the same industry. 2017 events covered various trends in open source, including big data, cloud native, containers, IoT, networking, security, and more. The LF takes various measures to further improve diversity at events, such as disallowing all-male panels or speaker line-ups.[9]

Projects

As of September 2015, the total economic value of development costs of Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects was estimated at $5 billion.[10] Through continued investment in open source projects and growth in the number of projects hosted, this number rose to $15.6 billion by September 2017.[citation needed]

Project Name Description
AllJoyn AllJoyn is an open source software framework that allows compatible devices and applications find each other, communicate and collaborate across the boundaries of product category, platform, brand, and connection type.
Carrier Grade Linux (CGL) Carrier Grade Linux is a set of specifications which detail standards of availability, scalability, manageability, and service response characteristics which must be met in order for Linux kernel-based operating system to be considered carrier grade.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Foundry[11] is an open source, multi cloud application platform as a service (PaaS) governed by the Cloud Foundry Foundation, a 501(c)(6) organization. In January 2015, the Cloud Foundry Foundation was created as an independent not-for-profit Linux Foundation Project. The foundation exists to increase awareness and adoption of Cloud Foundry, grow the contributor community, and create a cohesive strategy across all member companies. The Foundation serves as a neutral party holding all Cloud Foundry intellectual property.
Cloud Native Computing Foundation Cloud Foundry is an open source, multi-cloud application platform as a service governed by the Cloud Foundry Foundation.
Core Infrastructure Initiative The Core Infrastructure Initiative[12] was announced on 25 April 2014 in the wake of Heartbleed to fund and support free and open-source software projects that are critical to the functioning of the Internet.
Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) The Data Plane Development Kit[13] consists of libraries to accelerate CPU architecture-running packet processing workloads. According to Intel, "DPDK can improve packet processing performance by up to ten times."[14]
EdgeX Foundry Founded in 2017, EdgeX Foundry acts as a vendor-neutral interoperability framework. It is hosted in a hardware and OS agnostic reference platform and seeks to enable an ecosystem of plug-and-play components, uniting the marketplace and accelerating IoT deployment. The project wants to enable collaborators to freely work on open and interoperable IoT solutions with existing and self-created connectivity standards.
FRRouting (FRR) FRRouting (FRR)[15] is an IP routing protocol suite for Unix and Linux platforms. It incorporates protocol daemons for BGP, IS-IS, LDP, OSPF, PIM, and RIP.
Hyperledger The Hyperledger project is a global, open source effort based around advancing cross-industry blockchain technologies. In addition to being hosted by the Linux Foundation, it is backed by finance, banking, IoT, supply chain, manufacturing and technology leaders.[16] The project is the foundation's fastest growing to date,[17] boasting over 115 members since founding in 2016. In May 2016, co-founder of the Apache Software Foundation, Brian Behlendorf, joined the project as its executive director.
IoTivity IoTivity is an OSS framework enabling seamless device-to-device connectivity to aid the Internet of Things as it grows. While Allseen Alliance and Open Connectivity Foundation merged in October 2016, the IoT projects of each (AllJoyn and IoTivity, respectively) will continue operating under The Linux Foundation. The two projects will "collaborate to support future versions of the OCF specification with a single IoTivity implementation."[18]
JanusGraph JanusGraph aims to continue open source development of the TitanDB graph database. It is a fork TitanDB, "the distributed graph database that was originally released in 2012 to enable users to find connections among large data sets composed of billions of vertices and edges."[19]
Linux Standard Base The Linux Standard Base, or LSB, is a joint project by several Linux distributions under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the software system structure, or filesystem hierarchy, used with Linux operating system. The LSB is based on the POSIX specification, the Single UNIX Specification, and several other open standards, but extends them in certain areas. According to the LSB:

The goal of the LSB is to develop and promote a set of open standards that will increase compatibility among Linux distributions and enable software applications to run on any compliant system even in binary form. In addition, the LSB will help coordinate efforts to recruit software vendors to port and write products for Linux Operating System.

The LSB compliance may be certified for a product by a certification procedure.[20] The LSB specifies for example: standard libraries, a number of commands and utilities that extend the POSIX standard, the layout of the file system hierarchy, run levels, the printing system, including spoolers such as CUPS and tools like Foomatic and several extensions to the X Window System.

ONOS (Open Network Operating System) ONOS (Open Network Operating System) is an open source community with a mission of bringing the promise of software-defined networking (SDN) to communications service providers in order to make networks more agile for mobile and data center applications with better economics for both users and providers.
OpenAPI Specification OAI is committed to standardizing how REST APIs are described. SmartBear Software has donated the Swagger Specification directly to the initiative.[21] The new name for the specification is OpenAPI Specification.
OpenBMC The OpenBMC project is a collaborative open-source project whose goal is to produce an open source implementation of the Baseboard Management Controllers (BMC) Firmware Stack.[22][23]
OpenChain The OpenChain Project aims to define effective open source software compliance in software supply chains. A key output is a reference specification[24] for "good" open source compliance, which has become the ISO/IEC 5230 standard. Another output is a simple self-certification scheme that companies can submit to test their conformance with the standard.
Open Container Initiative In 2015, Docker & CoreOS launched the Open Container Initiative in partnership with The Linux Foundation to create a set of industry standards in the open around container formats and runtime.[25]
OpenDaylight Project OpenDaylight is the leading open SDN platform, which aims to accelerate the adoption of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) in service provider, enterprise and research networks.
OpenJS Foundation The OpenJS Foundation is made up of 29 open source JavaScript projects including Appium, Dojo, jQuery, and Node.js, and webpack.[26] Founding members included Google, Microsoft, IBM, PayPal, GoDaddy, and Joyent.[27] It was founded in 2019 from a merger of JS Foundation and Node.js Foundation.[28][27] Its stated mission is to foster healthy growth of the JavaScript and web ecosystem by providing a neutral organization to host projects and collaboratively fund activities that benefit the ecosystem as a whole.[29]
Open Source Security Foundation The Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) works towards a collaborative effort to improving the security of the open-source software ecosystem.[30]
Open Mainframe Project The Open Mainframe Project aims to drive harmony across the mainframe community and to developed shared tool sets and resources. The project also endeavors to heighten participation of academic institutions in educating mainframe Linux engineers and developers.
Open vSwitch Originally created at Nicira before moving to VMware (and eventually the Linux Foundation), OvS is an open source virtual switch supporting standard management interfaces and protocols.[31]
ONAP The Open Network Automation Platform is the result of OPEN-O and Open ECOMP projects merging in April 2017. The platform allows end users to design, manage, and automate services and virtual functions.
OPNFV The Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization (NFV) "aims to be a carrier-grade, integrated platform that introduces new products and services to the industry more quickly."[32] In 2016, the project began an internship program, created a working group and an "End User Advisory Group" (founded by users & the board)
Overture Maps Foundation In mid-December 2022, the foundation announced the launch of a new mapping collaboration, the Overture Maps Foundation. Its stated mission is "powering current and next-generation map products by creating reliable, easy-to-use, and interoperable open map data." Overture founding members were Amazon Web Services (AWS), Meta, Microsoft and TomTom.[33][34][35] Overture is to be complementary to the crowdsourced OpenStreetMap (OSM) project and the foundation encourages members to contribute data directly to OSM.[36]
RethinkDB After RethinkDB announced its shutdown as a business,[37] the Linux Foundation announced that it had purchased the intellectual property under its Cloud Native Computing Foundation project, which was then relicensed under the Apache License (ASLv2).[38] RethinkDB describes itself as "the first open-source, scalable JSON database built from the ground up for the realtime web."[39]
RISC-V The RISC-V International association[40] is chartered to standardize and promote the open RISC-V instruction set architecture together with its hardware and software ecosystem for use in all computing devices.
seL4 seL4 is the only microkernel in existence which has been developed using formal verification techniques. It belongs to the L4 microkernel family and was, like the other L4 microkernels, designed to attain great security and performance.[41]
Servo Servo is a browser engine developed to take advantage of the memory safety properties and concurrency features of the Rust programming language.[42] It was originally developed by Mozilla and later donated to the Linux Foundation.
Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) project was started in 2010, to create a standard format for communicating the components, licenses and copyrights associated with software packages.[43] As part of the project, there is a team that curates the SPDX License List, which defines a list of identifiers for commonly found licenses and exceptions used for open source and other collaborative software.[44]
Tizen Tizen is a free and open-source, standards-based software platform supported by leading mobile operators, device manufacturers, and silicon suppliers for multiple device categories such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, in-vehicle infotainment devices, and smart TVs.
Xen Project The Xen Project team is a global open source community that develops the Xen Hypervisor, contributes to the Linux PVOPS framework, the Xen® Cloud Platform, and Xen® ARM.
Yocto Project The Yocto Project[45] is an open source collaboration project that provides templates, tools and methods to help create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products regardless of the hardware architecture. It was founded in 2010 as a collaboration among many hardware manufacturers, open-source operating systems vendors, and electronics companies to bring some order to the chaos of embedded Linux development.
Zephyr Project Zephyr is a small real-time operating system for connected, resource-constrained devices supporting multiple architectures. It is developed as an open source collaboration project and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr became a project of the Linux Foundation in February 2016.

Background

Initially founded to standardize and promote the open source operating system Linux as Open Source Development Labs in 2000, the LF was formed as a merger with Free Standards Group in 2007.[46] The foundation has since evolved beyond Linux to become a "foundation of foundations" that hosts a variety of projects spanning topics such as cloud, networking, blockchain, and hardware.[47] Projects hosted at the Linux Foundation include the Linux kernel project, Kubernetes, Automotive Grade Linux, ONAP (Open Network Automation Platform), Hyperledger, Cloud Native Computing Foundation, Cloud Foundry Foundation, Xen project, and many others.

The Linux Foundation is a 501(c)(6) organization that consists of corporate members such as AT&T, Cisco, Fujitsu, Google, Hitachi, Huawei, IBM, Intel, Meta, Microsoft, NEC, Oracle, Orange S.A., Qualcomm, Samsung, Tencent, and VMware.[48][49] The Linux Foundation also sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and lead maintainer Greg Kroah-Hartman. In recent years, the Linux Foundation has expanded its support programs through events, training and certification, as well as open-source projects.

Community stewardship

For the Linux kernel community, the Linux Foundation hosts its IT infrastructure and organizes conferences such as the Linux Kernel Summit and Linux Plumbers Conference. It also hosts a Technical Advisory Board made up of Linux kernel developers. One of these developers is appointed to sit on the Linux Foundation board.

Goodwill partnership

In January 2016, the Linux Foundation announced a partnership with Goodwill Central Texas to help hundreds of disadvantaged individuals from underserved communities and a variety of backgrounds get the training they need to start new and lucrative careers in Linux IT.[50]

Community Developer Travel Fund

To fund deserving developers to accelerate technical problem solving and collaboration in the open source community, the Linux Foundation launched the Community Developer Travel Fund.[51] Sponsorships are open to elite community developers with a proven track record of open source development achievement who cannot get funding to attend technical events from employers.

Community Specification

In July 2020, the Linux Foundation announced an initiative allowing open source communities to create Open Standards using tools and methods inspired by open source developers.[52]

Core Infrastructure Initiative

The Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII), a project managed by the Linux Foundation that enables technology companies, industry stakeholders and esteemed developers to collaboratively identify and fund critical open source projects in need of assistance. In June 2015, the organization announced financial support of nearly $500,000 for three new projects to better support critical security elements of the global information infrastructure.[53] In May 2016, CII launched its Best Practice Badge program to raise awareness of development processes and project governance steps that will help projects have better security outcomes. In May 2017, CII issued its 100th badge to a passing project.[54]

Community Data License Agreement (CDLA)

See also: Open Database License

Introduced in October 2017,[55] the Community Data License Agreement (CDLA) is a legal framework for sharing data.[56] There are two initial CDLA licenses:

  • The CDLA-Sharing license was designed to embody the principles of copyleft in a data license. It puts terms in place to ensure that downstream recipients can use and modify that data, and are also required to share their changes to the data.
  • The CDLA-Permissive agreement is similar to permissive open source licenses in that the publisher of data allows anyone to use, modify and do what they want with the data with no obligations to share changes or modifications.

Linux.com

Further information: Linux.com

On March 3, 2009, the Linux Foundation announced that they would take over the management of Linux.com from its previous owners, SourceForge, Inc.[57]

The site was relaunched on May 13, 2009, shifting away from its previous incarnation as a news site to become a central source for Linux tutorials, information, software, documentation and answers across the server, desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas. It also includes a directory of Linux software and hardware.[58]

Much like Linux itself, Linux.com plans to rely on the community to create and drive content and conversation.

Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH)

In 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the Linux Foundation announced the LFPH,[59] a program dedicated to advancing and supporting the virus contact tracing work led by Google and Apple and their Bluetooth notification systems. The LFPH is focusing its efforts on public health applications, including the effort's first initiative: a notification app intended for governments wanting to launch their privacy-focused exposure notification networks. As of today, LFPH hosts two contact-tracing apps.[60]

LF Climate Finance Foundation

In September 2020, The Linux Foundation announced the LF Climate Finance Foundation (LFCF), a new initiative "to encourage investment in AI-enhanced open source analytics to address climate change."[61] LFCF plans to build a platform that will utilize open-source open data to help the financial investment, NGO, and academia sectors to help better model companies’ exposure to climate change.[62] Allianz, Amazon, Microsoft, and S&P Global will be the initiative's founding members.[63]

LF Energy

Main article: LF Energy

LF Energy is an initiative launched by the Linux Foundation in 2018 to improve the power grid.[64][65]

Linus Torvalds at LinuxCon North America 2016

Training and certification

Main article: Linux Foundation Linux Certification

The Linux Foundation Training Program features instructors and content from the leaders of the Linux developer and open-source communities.[66]

Participants receive Linux training that is vendor-neutral and created with oversight from leaders of the Linux development community. The Linux Foundation's online and in-person training programs aim to deliver broad, foundational knowledge and networking opportunities.

In March 2014, the Linux Foundation and edX partnered to offer a free massive open online class titled Introduction to Linux.[67] This was the first in a series of ongoing free offerings from both organizations whose current catalogue of MOOCs include Intro to DevOps, Intro to Cloud Foundry and Cloud Native Software Architecture, Intro to Apache Hadoop, Intro to Cloud Infrastructure Technologies, and Intro to OpenStack.[68]

In December 2015, the Linux Foundation introduced a self-paced course designed to help prepare administrators for the OpenStack Foundation's Certified OpenStack Administrator exam.[69]

As part of a partnership with Microsoft, it was announced in December 2015 that the Linux on Azure certification would be awarded to individuals who pass both the Microsoft Exam 70-533 (Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions) and the Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) exam.[70]

In early 2017, at the annual Open Source Leadership Summit, it was announced that the Linux Foundation would begin offering an Inclusive Speaker Orientation course in partnership with the National Center for Women & Information Technology. The free course is designed to give participants "practical skills to promote inclusivity in their presentations."[71]

In September 2020, the Linux Foundation released a free serverless computing training course with CNCF. It is taught by Alex Ellis, founder of OpenFaaS.[72]

Among many other organizations with similar offerings, The Linux Foundation has reported a 40% increase in demand for their online courses in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social-distancing measures.[73]

Patent Commons Project

The patent commons consists of all patented software which has been made available to the open source community. For software to be considered to be in the commons the patent owner must guarantee that developers will not be sued for infringement, though there may be some restrictions on the use of the patented code. The concept was first given substance by Red Hat in 2001 when it published its Patent Promise.[74]

The Patent Commons Project was launched on November 15, 2005, by the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL). The core of the project is an online patent commons reference library aggregating and documenting information about patent-related pledges and other legal solutions directed at the open-source software community. As of 2015, the project listed 53 patents.[75]

Open Compliance Program

The Linux Foundation's Open Compliance Program provides an array of programs for open source software compliance. The focus in this initiative is to educate and assist developers (and their companies) on license requirements in order to build programs without friction. The program consists primarily of self-administered training modules, but it is also meant to include automated tools to help programmatically identify license compliance issues.[76]

Funding

Funding for the Linux Foundation comes primarily from its Platinum Members, who pay US$500,000 per year according to Schedule A in LF's bylaws,[77] adding up to US$4 million. The Gold Members contribute a combined total of US$1.6 million, and smaller members less again.

As of April 2014, the foundation collected annual fees worth at least US$6,245,000.

Use of donations

Before early 2018, the Linux Foundation's website stated that it "uses [donations] in part to help fund the infrastructure and fellows (like Linus Torvalds) who help develop the Linux kernel."[78]

See also

  • Contributor Covenant - code of conduct intended to ensure a safe and harassment-free environment for minorities.

External links

References

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