Ear of corn oats

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ear of corn oats
Ear of wheatgrannenhafer (Trisetum spicatum), illustration

Ear of wheatgrannenhafer ( Trisetum spicatum ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Aveneae
Genre : Trisetum
Type : Ear of corn oats
Scientific name
Trisetum spicatum
( L. ) K. Richt.

The ear of corn oats ( Trisetum spicatum ), also ear gold oats or ear gold oats, is a species of plant that belongs to the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It occurs naturally in North and South America as well as Eurasia .

Common names

Another common German-language name that has been documented for this plant species is Marbelblüh for the Fusch im Pinzgau region. Common names are in English: Narrow false-oat, French: Trisè à épi and in Inuktitut : Ivit iviksugait.

description

Basal, hairy leaves
Rispied infructescence with awns

Vegetative characteristics

The ear of corn oat grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. Only fiber roots are formed. The upright stalks are circular or oval in cross section. The stalks are hairy below the inflorescence .

The mainly basal and alternate leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The edges of the leaf sheath are only fused at their base and they are coarsely hairy. The frayed, hairy ligule are obliquely oblong with a length of 0.8 to 3 millimeters with pointed to truncated upper ends. The leaf blades lying on the stalk or spread out are linear with a length of 17 to 85 millimeters and rolled up or flat and then 1.2 to 2.2 millimeters wide. Both spider surfaces are shaggy or short downy hairy.

Generative characteristics

The often deep purple-brown, dense, paniculate inflorescence is cylindrical or ovate, with a length of 2 to 5 centimeters and a diameter of 5 to 13 millimeters. The main inflorescence axis is dense, downy long hairy. The yellow, green and purple spotted spikelets are lanceolate or ovate with a length of 3.9 to 6.6 (to 7.5) millimeters and a diameter of 1.5 to 3 millimeters. The first glume is glabrous, one-nerved and, with a length of 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters, lanceolate with a pointed upper end and ciliate edges with a few short hairs. The first glume is glabrous or hairy, three-veined and lanceolate with a length of 3.4 to 5.5 millimeters. The matt lemma is three- veined and rarely 3.5 to usually 4.5 to 5.3 millimeters in length, lanceolate with a pointed, smooth upper end. Above the middle of the lemma there is a kneeling, twisted awn 2 to 4 millimeters long . The well-developed palea is 3.7 to 4.2 millimeters long. The anthers of the three stamens are rarely 0.6 to usually 1 to 1.2 millimeters long.

The seated caryopsis is 2.3 to 2.7 millimeters long.

The basic chromosome number is x = 7. There is often tetraploidy , i.e. 2n = 28, there are also forms with hexaploidy, i.e. 2n = 42.

ecology

The ear of corn oat is a hemicryptophyte . It is a pioneer plant on disturbed sandy or silty soils, for example on moraines. This relatively low-growing grass species is later replaced by taller grass species such as Poa glauca .

Occurrence

Trisetum spicatum is originally found in northern North and southern South America and northern Eurasia and also in southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The species has a circumpolar or circumboreal, arctic-alpine and trans-tropical as well as bipolar distribution. Find locations are in northern Iceland, northern "Fennoscandian", Kanin – Pechora, Svalbard - Franz Joseph Land, in the polar Urals - Novaya Zemlya, Yamal – Gydan, Taimyr - Severnaya Zemlya, Anabar – Olenyok, Kharaulakh, Yana – Kolyma, Wrangel Island , West Chukotka, South Chukotka, East Chukotka, western Alaska, northern Alaska - Yukon, central Canada, Labrador - Hudson Bay, Ellesmere Land - Peary Land, western and eastern Greenland. There are some scattered occurrences in the Alps .

In Germany there are only sites in the Allgäu and Garmisch . In the Allgäu Alps, it only occurs above 2000 meters above sea level.

The eared grannenhafer thrives in Central Europe in rock debris of the alpine and nival levels on fresh. base-rich. neutral, musty humus or poorly humus, less often lime poor soils . It is a character species of the Trisetetum spicati from the Drabion hoppeanae association, but also occurs in the Elynetum.

swell

literature

  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 , pp. 591 .
  • SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, LJ Gillespie, AK Brysting, H. Solstad & JG Harris: Poaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago : Data sheet - Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richter .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ear of the wheat oats. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c data sheet at BiolFlor - database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 54, online.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, LJ Gillespie, AK Brysting, H. Solstad & JG Harris: Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago : Data Sheet - Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richter .
  5. ↑ a b c d Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape  2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 , pp. 591 .
  6. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Trisetum spicatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 167.
  8. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  244-245 .

Web links

Commons : Ähren-Grannenhafer ( Trisetum spicatum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files