Ösch (river)
| Ösch | ||
 Kneipp area on the Ösch near Recherswil |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | CH : 1354 | |
| location |
Mittelland
|
|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Aare → Rhine → North Sea | |
| Headwaters | a few kilometers northeast of Burgdorf 47 ° 4 ′ 26 ″ N , 7 ° 39 ′ 12 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 650 m above sea level M. | |
| muzzle | at Wangen an der Aare in the Aare Coordinates: 47 ° 14 ′ 9 ″ N , 7 ° 39 ′ 25 ″ E ; CH1903: 616 526 / 231689 47 ° 14 '9 " N , 7 ° 39' 25" O |
|
| Mouth height | 415 m above sea level M. | |
| Height difference | approx. 235 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 8.4 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 28 km | |
| Catchment area | 84.5 km² | |
| Discharge A Eo : 84.5 km² at the mouth |
MNQ |
2.1 m³ / s |
The Ösch is a roughly 28 km long right tributary of the Aare in the Swiss cantons of Bern and Solothurn . It drains a section of the Bernese Mittelland and the Solothurn water authority and belongs to the catchment area of the Rhine .
geography
course
The headwaters of the Ösch are located in the canton of Bern a few kilometers northeast of Burgdorf at around 650 m above sea level. M., in the hamlet of Hueb, on the municipality of Heimiswil on the western edge of the Lueg hill country . The Ösch flows through a narrow erosion valley into the Wynigental , which formed a meltwater channel on the edge of the Rhone glacier during the last ice age . However, the stream only stays in this valley for about 1 km with a 250 m wide, flat valley floor. At the hamlet of Grafenschüren , the Ösch turns west, leaves the Wynigental and flows in a cross valley through the wooded molasse heights , which were once shaped by glacier ice. The Ösch approaches the Emme up to one kilometer.
At Ersigen, northeast of Kirchberg (BE) , the cross valley opens, the Ösch reaches the wide alluvial plain of the lower Emme and now describes a sharp curve to the north. From now on, it will always flow near the eastern edge of the Emme level and, with the Chänerechbach and the Wynigenbach, take in other streams that flow from the Wynigental through cross valleys between the hills to the Emme level.
North of Willadingen , near Recherswil , the Ösch passes over to the Solothurn canton. Here it reaches the relatively densely populated Wasseramt and runs along the gently undulating hills of the moraine landscape in the outer Wasseramt. After the Ösch has first passed the municipality of Recherswil (the Ösch flows here briefly in two parts as Luterbrunnen-Ösch and Willadinger-Ösch) and the villages of Halt , Kriegstetten , Oekingen , Subingen and Deitingen , it reaches the Aareniederung and changes back to the canton Bern. A water correction was carried out north of the village of Subingen in the 1970s. From this point on the old channel is called "Alte Ösch" and only carries a little water. Most of the water is fed directly to the Aare in the "artificially" created so-called Russbach . At Wangen an der Aare , the "Alte Ösch", which today only flows sparingly, flows out at 415 m above sea level. M. in the Aare.
Catchment area
The 84.5 km² catchment area of the Ösch lies on the northern edge of the Swiss plateau and is drained to the North Sea via the Aare and the Rhine .
It consists of 31.2% planted area , 58.8% agricultural area , 9.8% settlement area and 0.2% water area.
The mean height of the catchment area is 515 m above sea level. M. , the minimum height is 416 m above sea level. M. and the maximum height at 839 m above sea level. M.
Tributaries and branches
- Wintergrabe ( right source stream ), 0.9 km
- Buechgrabe ( left source stream ), 1.5 km
- Räckholtergrabe ( left ), 0.6 km
- Passäbnitgrabe ( left ), 1.5 km, 1.04 km²
- Holzgräbli ( right ), 0.4 miles
- Chänerechbach ( right ), 9.3 km, 12.4 km², 0.29 m³ / s
- Wynigebach ( right ), 6.4 km, 8.91 km², 0.23 m³ / s
- Luterbrunnen-Oesch ( left arm ), 2.0 km
- Fürstattwaldgräbli ( left ), 0.7 km
- Willadinger-Oesch ( right arm ), 1.5 miles
- Chrümelbach ( right ), 7.8 km, 4.44 km²
- Weierbach ( right ), 3.1 km, 2.76 km²
- Widlibach ( left ), 2.3 km, 0.93 km²
- Kleine Ösch ( left junction ), 3.5 km
- Alte Ösch ( right junction )
- Brunnbach ( right ), 1.9 km
- Mettlengraben ( right ), 1.5 km
- Russbach ( left junction ), 3.1 km
- Neumatt Canal ( left ), 0.7 km
- Schwarzbach ( right )
Hydrology and ecology
The gradient of the stream averages 0.5 percent. The Ösch is characterized by a pluvial discharge regime . Their water quality is severely impaired by the intensive agricultural use of the areas in the catchment area, especially in the middle and lower reaches; the ammonium and nitrate content is above the level required for a healthy biological condition. Almost the entire stretch of the Ösch was canalized and partially straightened, so that today only a few sections of the upper reaches are preserved as natural waters. Revitalization measures are planned on some sections of the route.
use
The water power of the Ösch used to be used in various places for the operation of mills and sawmills, for example at Kriegstetten for the mill of the former rulership Halt . At several points in the water authority (Oekingen, Subingen, Deitingen) part of the river water is diverted with the help of canals and partly transferred to other stream systems.
A historic milestone in the technological history of the canton of Solothurn was the construction of a small hydropower plant on the Ösch in 1886 near Kriegstetten. The former Oesch power station generated 50 HP of electricity in a direct current dynamo , which was transported to the Sphinx works in Solothurn via an overhead line. This was an innovative achievement, as power transmission previously relied on local mechanical devices. This was the first time electricity was used in the canton of Solothurn. The power plant was in operation until the Oesch correction of Recherswil, Halt and Kriegstetten in 1936.
swell
- "100 years of AEK, 1894-1993" , Solothurn 1993. (AEK = "Society of the Aare-Emmen Canal")
Individual evidence
- ↑ Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
- ↑ Mean discharge and discharge regime type for the Swiss water network: Ösch
- ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: Ösch
- ↑ Left split from Önz
- ↑ The Ösch divides into two arms
- ↑ joins the reunited Ösch
- ↑ Empties into the Grüttbach
- ↑ rejoins the Ösch back
- ^ Right spin-off of Ösch
- ↑ Empties into the Aare
- ↑ Seventy-five years of Sphinx-Werke Müller & Cia. AG, Solothurn, 1876–1951, Solothurn 1951.