Životice (Havířov)
| Životice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Karviná | ||||
| Municipality : | Havířov | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 46 ' N , 18 ° 29' E | ||||
| Residents : | 1,215 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 736 01 | ||||
| License plate : | T | ||||
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| Next international airport : | Ostrava Airport | ||||
Životice ( German Zywotitz , Žywotitz , Ziwotitz, Polish Żywocice ) is a southeastern part of Havířov in the Czech Republic . It is located in the cadastral municipality of Bludovice .
history
The place in the Duchy of Teschen was first mentioned in 1450 as Ziboticze . The patronymic name is derived from the personal name Żywot or Żywota (after the change from -b- to -w / v-) (also a modern surname in Silesia ) or after Rudolf Šrámek from Žibota (≤ German Siguboto).
Historically, the village belonged to the estate and parishes (Roman Catholic and Lutheran) of Bludovice. In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Zywotitz, a widowed Frein von Seeger belonging to Mrs. Karolina, was a property and village with a manorial apartment on a hill in the Teschner district . The village had 52 houses with 278 inhabitants in Silesian-Polish dialect .
After the abolition of patrimonial it became a municipality in Austrian Silesia , in the Teschen district . According to the census from 1880 to 1910, the population increased from 379 in 1880 to 606 in 1910. Polish speakers were in an absolute majority (from 97.1% in 1880 to 99.3% in 1910), followed by 12 or 2.6 % German speakers and 6 or 1.6% Czech speakers in 1880. In 1910, 336 (55.4%) were Protestants, 262 (43.2%) Roman Catholics, 8 (1.3%) Jews.
From 1907 the municipality belonged to the constituency of Silesia 13 . In the first general, equal, secret and direct Reichsrat election in 1907 and the Reichsrat election in 1911 , Ryszard Kunicki from the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia and Teschen Silesia won four times .
After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of 1918, the area between the Czechs and Poland was disputed. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Zivotitz should fall to Poland as Żywocice. However, the Czechoslovak government did not recognize this. After the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , a referendum that was not carried out and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the victorious powers on July 28, 1920, the place became part of Czechoslovakia and the Český Těšín district. In 1938 Životice was annexed by Poland as part of the Olsa region and the new Polish border town came to the German Reich the following year after the invasion of Poland . Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Teschen and came back to Czechoslovakia after the end of the war.
On the night of August 4th to 5th, 1944, two officers from the Bielitzer and later Teschen Gestapo (Weiss and Gawlas, who were known for sadism and brutality) were targeted by the Polish Home Army in the local pub in Mokrosz . In the exchange of fire, a partisan, the owner of the inn and the Gestapo driver, but not the Gestapo officers, were killed. The occupiers could not find the attackers. As revenge for the attack, Zywotitz was surrounded by the Landwache and the Wehrmacht on August 6th. Q. Magwitz, head of the Teschen Gestapo, identified 36 civilians between the ages of 16 and 60 who had nothing to do with the partisans who were murdered in retaliation for the partisan attack. 35 previously refused to be included in the German people's list , 27 were Poles, 8 Czechs, 24 were from Zywotitz, 6 from Ober Suchau , 4 from Bludovice , one each from Nieder Suchau and Tierlizko . The bodies were all disposed of in the old Jewish cemetery in Orlau . The Gestapo forged the death certificates. The perpetrators were never punished. After the war, the bodies were relocated to Životice. The Ziwotitz tragedy (Czech Životická tragédie , Polish Tragedia żywocicka ) was honored on September 25, 1949 with a monument by Franciszek Świder from Karviná . The village was also known locally as the Silesian Lidice .
Životice was incorporated into Havířov in 1960.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) (= Dzieje Śląska Cieszyńskiego od zarania do czasów współczesnych . Volume 2 ). Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 313 (Polish).
- ↑ Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN 0208-6336 , p. 200 (Polish).
- ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 352 ( e-copy )
- ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 284 (Polish, online ).
- ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.
- ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 39, 1907, pp. 196-197. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ↑ Wyniki wyborów Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Gwiazdka Cieszyńska . No. 42, 1907, p. 210. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
- ^ Wyniki wyborów . In: Ślązak . No. 25 (113), 1911, p. 205. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
