Horní Suchá
| Horní Suchá | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Karviná | ||||
| Area : | 979 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 48 ' N , 18 ° 29' E | ||||
| Height: | 280 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 4,415 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 735 35 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Ostrava - Český Těšín | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jan Lipner (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Sportovní 2/3 735 35 Horní Suchá |
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| Municipality number: | 552739 | ||||
| Website : | www.hornisucha.cz | ||||
Horní Suchá (German Obersuchau , Polish Sucha Górna ) is a municipality in the Okres Karviná .
history
The first written mention of Horní Suchá comes from the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis around the year 1305. The mention of Sucha utraque (about both Sucha ) meant that Dolní Suchá already existed at that time. At that time they belonged to the Duchy of Teschen . After 1471 Horní Suchá was owned by various Polish and German noble families. The village was inhabited by so-called water polaks who spoke the Teschen dialects . In the 19th century, the establishment of agricultural and industrial objects led to an economic development in the community. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Horní Suchá was under the administration of the Larisch-Mönnich family. After industrialization, the number of residents increased, mostly thanks to immigration from Galicia .
The first school was founded in 1810 and a sugar factory in 1832. In 1835 the Catholic church was built and in 1864 the municipal office. In 1907 the railway from Mährisch Ostrau to Teschen was inaugurated. A brick factory was built in 1910 and the Franz mine was founded in 1911.
From 1907 the municipality belonged to the constituency Silesia 15 . In the first general, equal, secret and direct Reichsrat election in 1907 and in the Reichsrat election in 1911 , Tadeusz Reger from the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia won there .
After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy , the area of Cieszyn Silesia became disputed. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council for the Cieszyn Region (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Region Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Obersuchau should fall to Poland. However, the Czechoslovak government did not recognize this. After the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , an unrealized referendum and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the victorious powers on July 28, 1920, the place became part of Czechoslovakia ( Olsa region ). In the period between the two wars, a rectory as well as a Czech and a Polish primary school were built. During the global economic crisis, workers at the Franz mine were laid off. Several strikes followed. During one of these strikes on March 30, 1932, Vladislav Karwinski was shot.
After the Munich Agreement , Sucha Górna belonged to Poland. During the Polish administration there was discrimination against Czech residents. After the beginning of the Second World War and the occupation of Poland, Obersuchau came to the German district of Teschen , as the Franz mine was considered important for the war economy.
After 1945 the political situation calmed down. The Franz mine was renamed in 1946 and given the name Klement Gottwald , which it kept until 1990. Almost all of Horní Suchá's residents worked in the mine, which was the town's main employer. The mine supported the construction of the “Finnish houses” as well as culture and sport. Later the “Chrost” settlement and a new primary school and kindergarten building were built. In 1975 Horní Suchá was affiliated to Havířov .
In 1990 Horní Suchá became an independent municipality again. Between 1995 and 1996 the "old school" was renovated and now houses the police; the school on Těrlická Street received an extension. In 2004 a new sports hall was built.
After the Franz mine was initially consolidated with the Dukla and Lazy mines in 1995 and closed completely in 1999, Horní Suchá has high unemployment. Resident companies are Befra (electronics), Lichtgitter (iron grids), IVECO, OKD Lanstkraftsverkehr, Hornstav (construction industry), FIBERGLASS (fiberglass windows and doors), Depos (Mühlkippe).
In 2001 the Polish minority made up 23.2% of the population.
The buildings of the former Franz mine serve as an industrial center in which, among other things, the company SWP (Biospiritus) is located.
Attractions
- Catholic church from 1835, with a memorial plaque for Count von Larisch-Mönnich
- Mill stones from a former sugar factory (1833–1876)
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, 1843
- Hand-forged cross, work by Józef Janeczek from Horní Suchá, 1870
- Workhouse from 1907
- Chapel (Lutheran Church) from 1927
- Memorial stone for the victims of the First World War
- Memorial stone for the victims of the Second World War
- Kulturhaus Aplaus ( former cultural center of the Franz Grube )
- Restaurant "U Pavlasů"
- Fraternal Pentecostal House, the replica of which was also built in Wola Piotrowa in Poland
Personalities
- Tadeusz Michejda (1879–1956), Polish politician who worked here
- Adolf Kantor (1910–1992), Polish boxer, multiple champion of Poland in the interwar period
- Bronislav Poloczek (Polish: Bronisław Poloczek , 1939–2012), Czech actor from the Polish minority of the Olsa region
- Ota Zaremba (* 1957), Czech athlete and Olympic champion
Districts
The Sušanka stream flows through the village . Since the 18th century the community consisted of the following locations:
- "Těšiňok", eastern part
- "Dědina" (today the center) with school, church, pub, office, castle
- "Paseky", northeastern part, destroyed by mining
- "Podlesí", north-western part, which was destroyed by the mine in the 1960s
- "Podolkovice", south-western part, residential area
- "Kouty", southeastern part, the youngest part of Horní Suchá, which was built after the Second World War
Sports
There is the "Tělovýchovná jednota Dolu František" (Sports Club of the Franz Mine) with the departments of football, tennis, volleyball and general sports. Swimmer Ondřej Broda is an athlete from Horní Suchá. START Horní Suchá is a table tennis club with its seat in Havířov .
