2S31

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2S31
2S31 at a Russian military fair (2010)

2S31 at a Russian military fair (2010)
General properties
crew 4 (commander, driver, gunner, loader)
length 6.85 m
width 3.36 m
height 3.43 m
Dimensions 18.08 tons combat weight
Armor and armament
Armor against machine gun projectiles
Main armament 1 × 120-mm-2A80 ( cannon , howitzer and mortar ) with twist
Secondary armament 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM ( coaxial MG)
agility
drive V-10 diesel engine with supercharging, UTD-29
331 kW (at 2600 rpm)
suspension individually adaptable, with torsion bar
Top speed 70 km / h (road), 10 km / h (in water)
Power / weight 18.3 kW / t
Range 600 km (road), 90 km (in water)

2S31 is a Russian 120-mm self-propelled gun on the chassis of the BMP-3 armored personnel carrier , which was developed in the city of Perm in the Motovilichinsky zavody . First the 2S31 was presented at the IDEX -97 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates . a. Exhibitions at the “Expo Ejercito-2006”, “ Eurosatory 2008” or at the “International Mechanical Engineering Exhibition -2010” in Zhukovsky , near Moscow. The self-propelled gun was developed to fight soldiers, artillery , mortar batteries , rocket launchers , armored targets, other enemy positions and command points up to a range of 13 km. The 2S31 is u. a. automatically capable of correcting the fire, tracking targets day and night and directing the fire from fortified and camouflaged positions with a short reaction time.

history

After the successful use of the self-propelled gun 2S9 by the Soviet airborne troops during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) , the leadership of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union recognized the need for further expansion of a comparable type of weapon within the Soviet army. Then a series of construction work on the subject of an installation of the 2A51 cannon on the chassis of a vehicle for the army was explained. Several variants were discussed as a basis for the cannon, including: a. that of the 2S1 , BMP-1 or the 2S23 (based on the BTR-80 ).

In the 1980s, work began, the aim of which was to develop an automated 120 mm cannon on a self-propelled gun. The new self-propelled gun with cannon was named 2S31 and was developed in the Motowilichinskije sawody , under the scientific direction of the "Central Institute for Precision Mechanics". New projectiles with increased explosive power were developed by the armaments company "Scientific Production Association (Basalt)". Two prototypes were produced in 1995 and presented at the IDEX -97 exhibition the following year . In 2007 the 2S31 self-propelled gun passed field tests under the supervision of the Ministry of Defense and in 2010 the first batch was handed over to the Russian army.

description

The main difference to self-propelled guns of the previous Nona generation lies in the additional processing unit and the like. a. the target acquisition system of the cannon. The system makes it possible to receive and process target information and to monitor the combat status of the entire self-propelled gun. The necessary information is displayed on the commander's monitor. The “memory function” stores information on the position of the self-propelled gun on the battlefield, the direction and angle of the cannon. The commander also has a computer with which he can enter the target coordinates for the cannon. Then the work takes over the computing unit of the target acquisition system, which u. a. selects the correct bullet. The rest is done by the horizontal aiming mechanism of the turret and the vertical aiming mechanism of the cannon. The processing unit is able to store and process information on 30 destinations at the same time.

To reduce the reaction time of the self-propelled gun to fire, the gunner and loader have screens with input options with the necessary information on which the necessary target acquisition parameters and the necessary projectiles can be seen. In addition to the computing units already mentioned, there are target correction systems based on gyroscopes , GPS / GLONASS navigation modules and a barometer with an altitude meter, for monitoring the surroundings and the like. a. in the mountains. By using the computing systems, the 2S31 is able to record new and non-programmed targets after just 20 seconds.

tower

The 2S31 self-propelled gun has an armored chassis on which a turret with the cannon is attached. Thanks to video surveillance, the commander or gunner have full all-round visibility. The aiming of the cannon is done with the help of special target acquisition and tracking systems, which can aim the cannon again at the same target after a shot. There is also the option of loading projectiles into the tower from outside through a hatch. On the right side in the turret is the commander's place, on the side of which is also the 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun . The tower can be moved horizontally at an angle of −90 to + 90 °.

Armament

The main gun, the combined 120 mm gun "2A80" with swirl , is the also the properties of a howitzer gun and a mortar together. Thus u. a. Fire all types of 120-mm caliber mortar shells (also from non-Soviet or Russian production). Furthermore, mortar shells with twist can be used, but also projectiles from earlier generations, which u. a. were used in 2B16 , 2S9 or 2S23 . The Kitolow and Gran precision bullets can also be fired . In order to prevent gassing of the crew rooms by released gases from the projectile during firing, the barrel has a ventilation system. The bullet effect of the 2S31 is said to be similar to artillery shells in caliber 152-155 mm. There are a total of 70 projectiles in the 2S31 self-propelled gun, the parts of which are located in the mechanized loading mechanism in the tower. The 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun serves as secondary armament .

ammunition

The following projectile types can be used in the 2S31 self-propelled gun as an example:

  • Projectiles with a shaped charge , such as B. "3ВБК14", with a weight of 13.1 kg, a maximum range of 1 km, which can penetrate 600 mm armor.
  • "Rocket-assisted projectile" projectiles with twist and with combined fragmentation and explosive elements , such as B. French "APCM", with a weight of 24.45 kg and a range of 17.5 km.
  • Precision-guided projectiles with twist, such as B. "Kitolow-2" , with a weight of 28 kg (5.5 kg of which is explosives) and a range of 12 km.
  • Thermobaric projectiles such. B. the "3ВОФ119" bullet with a weight of 19.5 kg (6.65 kg of which is explosives), reaches a range between 0.9 and 8.8 km.
  • Projectiles with warheads made of fire elements , such as B. the bullet "3ВЗ4" with a weight of 16.3 kg, reach a range between 0.45 and 5.7 km and devastate an area of ​​1700 m².

Targeting and communication

In order to be able to observe the surroundings and aim at targets, the commander has a laser-assisted sight with a range finder "1Д22С", which is coupled with an electronic infrared sight "1П51". Both systems can transmit the information to the on-board computer system. The laser-assisted sight coordinates the aiming with precision-guided projectiles, at a range between 300 and 7000 meters, and corrects the cannon position in the direct line of sight between 0.12 and 20 km. The gunner is u. a. additionally equipped with a visor system "1П50" with panorama function.

Communication with other army units is guaranteed by the radio station "Р-163-50У Arbalet". The radio receiver works on a VHF frequency and contributes to a stable radio connection with receivers of the same type, up to a range of 20 km and depending on the height of the antenna of both radio transmitters.

Self protection

To defend against enemy targets, the 2S31 self-propelled gun has the Schtora -1 system, which disrupts wire-guided missiles, laser-guided weapons and laser range finders. The system includes 12 81-mm smoke grenade devices .

engine and gears

In the 2S31 self-propelled gun a V-10 four-stroke engine with diesel fuel "UTD-29" with 10 cylinders and a cylinder arrangement at an angle of 144 ° is installed. The power is 450 hp. In addition to diesel fuel , the engine can also run on kerosene and gasoline . The power is transmitted by a mechanical epicyclic gear with 4 forward and 2 reverse gears. The maximum speed is 72 km / h forwards and 21 km / h backwards. The self-propelled gun is buoyant and has water jets.

User states

Current user

  • AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Azerbaijan - As of January 2018, there are 18 2S31 in service.

Former user

  • RussiaRussia Russia - In 2010, a few 2S31s were procured by the Russian armed forces for testing purposes. In January 2018 the 2S31 were taken out of service again.

Web links

Commons : 2S31  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c А. В. Карпенко. Оружие России. Современные самоходные артиллерийские орудия
  2. ↑ (translated) Armoring of the airborne troops: Self-propelled gun Nona-S . In: Десантура.ру . Archived from the original on July 13, 2013.
  3. ↑ Кадочников В. Н .: Мотовилиха: продолжение легенды . Раритет, Пермь 2011, ISBN 978-5-93785-039-3 , Глава 7. Берём завод в собственность, p. 290 .
  4. ↑ a b А. Б. Широкорад .: Арсенал: Новое оружие наземной артиллерии . tape 8 . Братишка, 2011 ( bratishka.ru ).
  5. ↑ a b Сергей Суворов. Боевая машина пехоты БМП-3
  6. ↑ М. Барятинский .: Советская бронетанковая техника 1945–1995 . No. 4 . Бронеколлекция, 2000, p. 30 .
  7. ↑ Под ред. Е. Г. Лузинской (Ed.): Временные таблицы стрельбы для равнинных и горных условий 120-мм саменные таблицы сосрельбы Сосрных условий 120-мм сам9улодного артикулоря 2. ВТС РГ № 097 . Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1989, p. 368 .
  8. ↑ Димидюк Н. М .: 120- мм самоходное автоматизированное орудие « Вена » . Ed .: Военный парад. No. 3 , 2005.
  9. ↑ Техинформ (ed.): Броня « крылатой пехоты ». Самоходное артиллерийское орудие « Нона-С ». Краткое техническое описание САО 2С9 « Нона-С » . Техника и вооружение: вчера, сегодня, завтра, No. 2 , 2008, ISSN  1682-7597 , p. 10-16 .
  10. ↑ Энциклопедия XXI век. Оружие и технологии России. Часть 5. Боеприпасы наземной артиллерии. Группа 13. Класс 1320. Боеприпасы и артиллерийские выстрелы калибром свыше 125-мм. Выстрелы к 120-мм орудиям 2С9 и 2С9-1 . Издательский дом "Оружие и технологии", 2006, ISBN 5-93799-023-4 , p. 210-212, 217-222 .
  11. ↑ (translated) 1D22 . Красногорский завод им. С. А. Зверева. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.
  12. ↑ (translated) R-163-50U . Сарапульский радиозавод. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.
  13. ^ A b The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).