4-fluoramphetamine
| Structural formula | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||
| General | ||||||||||
| Surname | 4-fluoramphetamine | |||||||||
| other names |
|
|||||||||
| Molecular formula | C 9 H 12 FN | |||||||||
| Brief description |
clear liquid |
|||||||||
| External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| properties | ||||||||||
| Molar mass | 153.20 g mol −1 | |||||||||
| Physical state |
liquid |
|||||||||
| safety instructions | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| Toxicological data | ||||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||
4-fluoramphetamine ( 4-FA ; 4-FMP ; PAL-303 ; " Flux "), also known as para- fluoramphetamine ( PFA ; P-FMP ) (scene name "Fifa"), is a psychoactive designer drug from the phenethylamine group and is an amphetamine within this group . It produces stimulating , entactogenic and empathogenic effects. 4-FA is rarely found on the black market, but it is sometimes sold as a designer drug.
safety instructions
The substance irritates eyes, respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes. In animal experiments with mice, an LD 50 value of 46 mg / kg body weight was determined after intraperitoneal administration .
Extraction and presentation
In general, 4-FA is obtained from 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with the aid of nitroethane and an amine catalyst via the intermediate product 1- (4-fluorophenyl) -2-nitropropene, which is then reduced to 1- (4-fluorophenyl) propane-2 -amine (4-fluoramphetamine) is converted.
Pharmacological Effects
The effects of 4-FA occur approximately 60 minutes after ingestion and last for approximately 6-7 hours. The typical dose is between 120 and 180 mg of the hydrochloride salt. The subjective effects of 4-FA are euphoria , increased performance, improved mood, urge to talk, bruxism (tension in the jaw), insomnia and appetite inhibition.
4-fluoramphetamine is a potent stimulant and causes the neurotransmitter serotonin to be released , similar to other para-substituted amphetamines. However, its serotonergic efficacy and neurotoxicity are much lower than those of similar substances such as 4-bromamphetamine and 4-iodamphetamine . The serotonergic potency and the neurotoxicity of para - halogen substituted amphetamines increase with the atomic number of the halogen substituent (4-FA ≪ 4-CA < 4-BA < 4-IA ), while conversely the inhibition of dopamine reuptake is more pronounced in 4-FA is than 4-CA or 4-IA. 4-FA also causes weaker hyperthermia than similar substances such as PMA or 4-MTA , but hyperthermia and neurotoxicity can become dangerous if the substance is overdosed or used excessively.
Legal classification
Germany
In Germany, 4-FA has been a non-marketable narcotic drug according to the Narcotics Act (BtMG) since July 26, 2012 .
Switzerland
4-fluoramphetamine was made subject to the Narcotics Act (BetmG, SR 812.121) when the revised Swissmedic Narcotics Ordinance came into force on December 1, 2010 and was therefore illegal from that point on. Importation, possession, distribution etc. are punished according to the Narcotics Act.
Lithuania
4-FA was banned in Lithuania in July 2009.
Web links
- 4-fluoroamphetamines . In: Erowid . (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Data sheet 1- (4-Fluorophenyl) -2-propylamine, 97% from AlfaAesar, accessed on December 7, 2019 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) .
- ^ A b E. Costa, S. Garattini (Ed.): International Symposium on Amphetamines and Related Compounds, Proceedings, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, 1969. Raven Press, New York 1970, p. 21.
- ↑ a b Entry on 4-fluoramphetamine in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
- ↑ P. Rösner, B. Quednow, U. Girreser, T. Junge: Isomeric fluoro-methoxy-phenylalkylamines: a new series of controlled-substance analogues (designer drugs). In: Forensic Science International . 148 (2-3), March 10, 2005, pp. 143-156. PMID 15639609 .
- ↑ F. Nagai, R. Nonaka, K. Satoh Hisashi Kamimura: The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. In: European Journal of Pharmacology . 559 (2-3), March 22, 2007, pp. 132-137. PMID 17223101 .
- ↑ RW Fuller, JC Baker, KW Perry, BB Molloy: Comparison of 4-chloro-, 4-bromo- and 4-fluoroamphetamine in rats: drug levels in brain and effects on brain serotonin metabolism. In: Neuropharmacology . 14 (10), Oct 1975, pp. 739-746. PMID 1196472 .
- ^ DE Nichols, MP Johnson, R. Oberlender: 5-Iodo-2-aminoindan, a nonneurotoxic analogue of p-iodoamphetamine. In: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 38 (1), Jan 1991, pp. 135-139. PMID 1826785 .
- ↑ D. Marona-Lewicka, GS Rhee, JE Sprague, DE Nichols: Psychostimulant-like effects of p-fluoroamphetamine in the rat. In: European Journal of Pharmacology. 287 (2), Dec 12, 1995, pp. 105-113. PMID 8749023 .
- ↑ Law on the traffic with narcotics (Narcotics Act, BtMG): Annex I ( narcotics that are not marketable)
- ↑ Ordinance of the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Narcotics Ordinance Swissmedic, BetmV-Swissmedic) - amendment of 10 September 2010 (PDF; 590 kB)
- ↑ Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministro 2000 m. sausio 6 d. įsakymo No. 5 "Dėl Narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų sąrašų patvirtinimo" pakeitimo
