Agnes of Rheinfelden

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Agnes von Rheinfelden as the founder (Fundatrix) of the St. Peter monastery in the Black Forest, panel painting in the series of the monastery founders, 18th century

Agnes von Rheinfelden (* around 1065 ; † December 19, 1111 ) was a princess , later Duchess of Zähringen . She was the founder of the St. Peter monastery in the Black Forest , the burial place of the Zähringer. Her sister was the Queen of Hungary, Adelheid von Schwaben .

Life

Agnes von Rheinfelden was the daughter of Rudolf von Rheinfelden (* around 1025, † 1080; anti-king Heinrich IV. ) And Adelheid von Turin .

The Catholic Agnes spent her childhood in Stein Castle, which no longer exists, on a Rhine island directly in front of today's Swiss city ​​of Rheinfelden . In 1079 Agnes became the wife of Margrave Berthold II (* around 1050; † 1111).

After the death of her father in 1080 and the early death of his only childless son, Berthold von Rheinfelden, in 1090, she was the sole heir to the Rheinfeld property and named "Agnes filia regis Rudolfi Arulacensis" ("ruling daughter") in the Genealogia Zaringorum. .

The inheritance included property in Buchsee in Oberaargau (later renamed by the Zähringers in Herzogenbuchsee , which is now part of the canton of Bern ). Through her marriage, these possessions came into Zahring hands, but were still controlled by Agnes. In 1093 (1108 at the latest) she donated the Buchsee estates "including all accessories, especially the churches of Buchsee, Seeberg and Huttwil , Huttwil itself and other villages" to St. Peter's Monastery in the Black Forest , making this abbey a home monastery and a new burial place the Zähringer became. Not her husband Berthold, but Agnes herself is referred to in the monastery annals around 1200 as its founder ( fundatrix ). However, Berthold made the decision to move the Zähringer burial place from the provost's office at the foot of the Limburg near Weilheim an der Teck in the Black Forest, to choose the exact location and to equip the monastery with goods and privileges. Agnes' donation was confirmed after disputes in 1109. A pictorial representation of the donation process has been preserved in St. Peter.

The marriage of Berthold II. Von Zähringen to Agnes von Rheinfelden can be described as the key to the Zähringer's rise to power, because Berthold gained great advantages as a result: Agne's father Rudolf von Rheinfelden, initially as Duke of Swabia, a loyal supporter of his brother-in-law, the Salier king Henry IV. , Had switched to the opposition camp during the disputes of the investiture dispute and had been elected the opposing king in Forchheim on March 15, 1077. Like his father Berthold I, Berthold II initially supported Rudolf, which is why both Zähringer and Rheinfeldener had their titles and possessions removed by the king in 1077. When Berthold II became his successor after the death of his father in 1078, he only had a nominal claim to the Duchy of Swabia. By marrying Agnes von Rheinfelden, however, he was now able to register claims to Rudolf's possessions in her name, as well as to give his claim to the Duchy of Swabia more weight and establish imperial rank. The founding of settlements and monasteries in the Black Forest by Agnes and Berthold themselves also served to expand his power considerably (these were mostly reform monasteries that were anti-imperial). Elected with the support of the Guelphs and the Pope, he appeared from 1092 to 1098 initially as a counter-duke to Friedrich von Staufen and was then appointed Duke of Zähringen in 1098 .

Agnes von Rheinfelden died a few months after her husband, also in 1111. She had given birth to at least seven children, including three sons and four or five daughters. Like her husband, she is buried in the monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest, which she founded and which has become the Zähringer burial place. With her, the family of Rheinfelden died out.

Sons:

  • Berthold (* around 1080)
  • Rudolf II (around 1082 - 1111), Count of Rheinfelden
  • Berthold III. (* around 1085; † May 3, 1122 near Molsheim), as successor to Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen
  • Konrad I (around 1090; † January 8, 1152 in Konstanz), Duke of Zähringen, from 1127 rector of Burgundy

Daughters:

  • Agnes († after January 8, 1125), married William II. Count of Burgundy- Besançon
  • Liutgard (* around 1087, died early)
  • Petrissa (* around 1095; † around 1115 / before 1116), married Friedrich I von Pfirt in 1111
  • Liutgard (* around 1098 - † March 25, 1131), married Gottfried I. Graf von Calw before 1129
  • Judith (* around 1100), married Ulrich II. Count von Gammertingen

literature

  • Hans-Otto Mühleisen: The relationship between the St. Peter Abbey in the Black Forest and Oberaargau . In: Jahrbuchvereinigung Oberaargau (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch des Oberaargau , Jg. 46, Langenthal 2003, pp. 97–135; Full text (PDF; 2.6 MB)
  • Tobias Weller: The marriage policy of the German nobility in the 12th century . Rheinisches Archiv, 149, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-412-11104-X .
  • Gerold Meyer von Knonau:  Rudolf von Rheinfelden, Duke of Swabia . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 557-561.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The family property extended on the one hand into the Black Forest - the St. Blasien monastery was a kind of house monastery of Rudolf - on the other hand it extended far into Burgundy (e.g. today's western Switzerland ), via Langenthal and Bern to Lake Thun and the Aare .
  2. ↑ The name Genealogia Zaringorum is not an original name, but one of historical research. The Genealogia Zaringorum was created in St. Peter together with a necrology and the record Nominatorum fundatorum huius loci (list of names of the founders of this place). Only one copy from 1497 has survived, the original version of which is mostly dated between 1192 and 1220.
  3. ↑ Jürg Rettenmund: Huttwil. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . June 16, 2008 , accessed July 8, 2019 .
  4. ↑ "Churches" mean the patronage rights , also referred to as the church sentence.
  5. ↑ «The basic equipment of the monastery with the Burgundian Herzogenbuchsee [in the history of the abbey around 1200; Note d. Author d. Wikipedia article] attributed to his (Bertold II.) Wife Agnes ... ». Jutta Krimm-Beumann: The Rotulus Sanpetrinus and the self -image of the St. Peter monastery in the 12th century . In: Hans-Otto Mühleisen, Hugo Ott , Thomas Zotz (eds.): The St. Peter monastery . Waldkirch 2001, p. 165
personal data
SURNAME Agnes of Rheinfelden
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Princess, later Duchess of Zähringen
DATE OF BIRTH around 1065
DATE OF DEATH December 19, 1111