Academy for liquid rocket engine technology

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The Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology ( Chinese  航天 推進 技術 研究院  /  航天 推进 技术 研究院 ), also called the “Sixth Academy” (六 院) for historical reasons , is often abbreviated to “AALPT” because of the English name Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology the lead company of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation for the business area of liquid rocket engines . In addition, the AALPT is also an actual academy, with the authorization to award engineering degrees and jobs for doctoral students and - Xi'ans and at the Beijing Research Institute for Space Propulsion - postdocs . The company's headquarters are located in the Chang'an District of Xi'an , Shaanxi Province .

history

The first time in 1960 launched short-range missile Dongfeng 1 , a replica of the Soviet, with liquid oxygen and ethanol -working R-2 , and the two-stage medium-range missile Dongfeng 2A, 1964 their first successful use had were at that time still from the Ministry of Defense 5. Research Institute developed from a single source been. The engines came from the 11th Institute (十一 所) of the facility , which was founded on April 2, 1958 and is located in the Fengtai district of Beijing on the site of today's China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology . Both the individual engines and the entire rockets were tested at the facility founded on April 10, 1958 on the same site, then simply called the "test station" (试验 站), which today forms the "Institute 101" of the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology.

When on January 4, 1965, however, the 5th Research Institute was detached from the Ministry of Defense by resolution of the National People's Congress and converted into a separate ministry, the "Seventh Ministry of Mechanical Engineering" (第七 机械 工业 部, Pinyin Dì Qī Jīxiè Gōngyè Bù ), the structures were diversified. In connection with the development of the medium-range missile Dongfeng 3 and the launch vehicle Changzheng 1 intended for China's first satellite Dong Fang Hong I , the Seventh Ministry founded in 1965 in the Hongguang Gorge (红光 沟), in the area of ​​the large municipality of Fengzhou in the west of the province Shaanxi, the so-called "Basis 067" (○ 六七 基地, Pinyin Líng Liù Qī Jīdì ), including its own hospital and a high school for the children of the workers and employees. This was the nucleus of today's academy for liquid rocket engine technology. Not far from the actual 067 base, the “Research Institute 165” (165 所) was set up in 1965, where the engines were tested. After the incident at Ussuri , the 11th Institute was placed under the 067 base in 1970 and part of the facilities were relocated to the Feng District as part of the “Third Front” (三 线). The part of the 11th institute that remained in Beijing was renamed the “Beijing Research Institute for Space Propulsion” (北京 航天 动力 研究所).

When the Seventh Ministry was dissolved in March 1993 by resolution of the National People's Congress and the “umbrella company for the aviation industry” and the “umbrella company for the space industry” were founded, the 067 base remained with the umbrella company for the space industry. She has now been transferred to Xi'an along with the part of the 11th Institute that was moved to Feng County. Since then, the Shaanxian part of the 11th institute has been called the "Xi'an Research Institute for Space Propulsion" (西安 航天 动力 研究所). Since then, the former research institute 165 has been known as the “Xi'an Test Institute for Space Propulsion” (西安 航天 动力 试验 研究所). Today there is a department for the testing of regular liquid thrusters, one for attitude control thrusters and one for the new engines, which were developed from 2000 for the medium and heavy launch vehicles.

On April 8, 1994, the Space Propulsion Testing Institute was spun off from the 067 base as a separate subsidiary with a registered capital of 3.05 million yuan. Today the company, which is still colloquially known as "Institute 165", has a test stand for drive modules with four permanently mounted engines, a test stand for a single deflectable engine, a test stand for modules with up to five deflectable engines, a test stand on which vacuum conditions are simulated can, a test bench for attitude control engines and in Baolongyu in the mountains south of Xi'an the "test center for cryogenic liquid rocket engines" (抱 龙 峪 低温 液体 火箭 发动机 试验 中心).

When the umbrella company for the aerospace industry was split into a predominantly civil and predominantly military group on July 1, 1999, the 067 base remained with the predominantly civilian China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation . Many nuclear missiles, such as the Dongfeng 31, use solid propulsion due to their better shelf life. However, liquid rocket engines are still used in the Dongfeng 5 , among others . Therefore, during the 1999 restructuring, the manufacture of these missiles was transferred to the CASC's China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology . In order to better fit the CASC's system of "academies" (研究院, a historical expression for "business area"), base 067 was renamed "Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology" in 2001 with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China . also known as the "Sixth Academy".

Business areas

The core competence of the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology lies in the development and manufacture of liquid rocket engines of the YF series , whereby the engines that work with hypergolic fuel mixtures that can be stored at room temperature and the kerosene / oxygen engines from the Xi'an Research Institute for Space Propulsion, which are built with cryogenic ones Propellants working engines from the Beijing Research Institute for Space Propulsion. On the one hand, Institute 101 in Beijing conducts chemical research into fuels suitable for liquid jet engines, and on the other hand, it also produces these itself. The institute that has dealt with cryogenic fuels since it was founded in 1958 has the largest facility for the production of liquid hydrogen in China - also for non-space-related hydrogen drives - and also produces liquid oxygen , liquid nitrogen and chilled helium .

In which up 2008 Shanghai Academy of Space Technology belonging (SAST) Institute 801 in the local district Minhang to deal with the development of attitude control engines of medium and small thrust for satellites, spaceships that Chinese space station , nuclear missiles and deep space probes. The 203 factory is located in Pudong District , where the engines are manufactured.

In addition, they also deal with electric drives in Xi'an. From an electrothermal drive realized with microsystem technology ( Free Molecular Micro-Electro-Thermal Resist Jet or FMMR ) for microsatellites to a thermal arc drive with ammonia as a supporting mass and a magnetoplasmadynamic drive working with radio waves to a pulsed micro-arc drive, which will be launched on October 23, 2019 on board the Earth observation satellite Qiansheng-1 01 (千乘 一号 01 星), which was launched on August 17, 2019, was ignited for the first time in orbit.

Over the decades, extensive experience has been gained in the construction of pumps and valves. In Xi'an, for example, all types of pumps with delivery rates of up to 1000 l / s, rotational speeds of up to 70,000 rpm and temperatures of the medium to be conveyed between –185 ° C and +200 ° C for applications in air are produced - and space travel, shipbuilding, nuclear power plants, in the fire service, in the chemical industry and in oil production. The Beijing Research Institute for Space Propulsion founded Beijing Aerospace Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Engineering GmbH in 1991, which specializes in the manufacture of safety valves for all types of pressure vessels as well as special valves for applications in the chemical industry. At the Xi'an Research Institute for Space Propulsion there is a special "Center for Sealing Technology" (密封 技术 研制 中心), which deals with the development and production of non-metallic and metallic sealing rings not only for civil and military rocket construction, but also for all types of Applications in shipbuilding, the petrochemical industry, etc. In 2012, more than 300 workers and employees produced over 3000 different sealing rings there.

Liu Zhirang (刘志 让, * 1963), who previously worked as an engine designer and in quality control, has been the director of the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology since August 12, 2016. Liu, who was known for being strict with regulations and a reputation for attention to detail, but also used to involve colleagues in decision-making processes, was elected by the academy's executives by vote. Unlike two successive CEOs of the Chinese Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology , he survived unscathed the problems with the YF-77 engine that occurred in 2017 , which set important missions back by up to a year. In the course of time, several departments of the company were spun off as independent subsidiaries. Today (2020) the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology still has the following facilities that are directly subordinate to it:

  • Xi'an Research Institute for Space Propulsion (西安 航天 动力 研究所), also known as "Institute 11" or 十一 所
  • Shaanxian engineering office for power machines (陕西 动力 机械 设计 研究所)
  • Beijing Research Institute for Space Propulsion (北京 航天 动力 研究所), also known as "Institute 11 (Capital)" or 十一 所 （京）
  • Institute 101 (航天 101 所)
  • Institute 801 (六 院 801 所)
  • Factory 203 (801 所 \ 203 厂)
  • Xi'an Aerospace Engine Factory (西安 航天 发动机 厂), also known as "Factory 7103" or 7103 厂
  • Xi'aner Research Institute of Space Metrology (西安航天计量测试研究所)
  • Xi'an Space Primary School (西安 航天 小学)
  • Xi'an Space High School (西安市 航天 中学)
  • Xi'an Space Main Hospital (西安 航天 总 医院)

The Solid Rocket Engine Technology Academy is expected to generate gross annual sales of 6.8 billion yuan and annual profit of approximately 350 million yuan with approximately 18,000 employees during the 13th five-year plan (2016-2020). One of the most important projects is currently the development of an engine with a thrust of 5000 kN - four times as much as the YF-100 - for the heavy-lift rocket Changzheng 9, which works with a diergolen fuel combination of rocket kerosene and liquid oxygen according to the main flow process The engine's pre-burner and turbo pump successfully tested on the test bench for cryogenic engines in Baolongyu. This project is personally led by Li Bin (李斌), Deputy Director of the Sixth Academy since August 12, 2016. In addition, they are currently working on hydrogen / oxygen engines with a thrust of 250 kN and 2200 kN, the latter also for the Changzheng 9.

Since there is an increased demand for the new YF-75D , YF-77 and YF-100 engines for the Changzheng 5 launcher due to the construction of the Chinese space station and the more frequent deep- space missions by the National Space Agency, a 48, 7 hectare site of the National Industrial Base for Civil Aerospace (西安 国家 民用 航天 产业 基) not far from the head office, a factory is built, in which the liquid oxygen rocket kerosene engine YF-100 is to be manufactured, as well as the YF-100K variant is needed for the boosters of the new generation of manned missiles under development .

Teaching

In 1978 the then base 067 founded the Shaanxier College for Space Workers (陕西 航天 职工 大学) with the approval of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China . The institution is under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture of Shaanxi Province (陕西 省 教育 厅) and is authorized to award engineering degrees. In 2000, the Xi'an Aerospace Vocational School (西安 航天 技工 学校) was added, where skilled workers are trained under the supervision of the Shaanxi Province Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (陕西 省 人力 资源 和 社会 社会 厅). In December 2017, the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology transferred both facilities to its subsidiary Xi'an Aerospace Hongfa Industrial GmbH as part of a reorganization.

The university has three faculties:

  • Space-related production (航天 制造 系). The main focus here is on electrical engineering and computerized numerical control , but also on photovoltaics and the design and manufacture of molds and dies .
  • Modern service (现代 服务 系). It deals with computer networks, electronic commerce , computer animation and business administration.
  • Basic knowledge (公共 基础 系). Here the students are taught basic skills in technical English and advanced mathematics.

There are two departments at the vocational school where teaching is based on the dual system :

  • Intelligent production (智能 制造 系). Here the students are trained on CNC machines , 3D printers , CAD programs, etc.
  • Machine processing (机械 加工 系). All types of machining techniques are taught here.

Institutes 11, 11 (capital city), 101 and 801 also offer the following two-and-a-half-year courses for doctoral students, which not only do not incur any tuition fees, but also pay a monthly scholarship of 2000 yuan (as of 2020). Graduates are generally taken on by the company.

subsidiary company

As part of the reform and opening-up policy , and also in order to be able to better interact with civilian customers in the politically desired merger of the military and civil sectors (军民 融合) - Institute 101, for example, is a national organization with confidentiality level 1 (国家 一级 保密资格 单位) - the Academy for Liquid Rocket Engine Technology has founded several subsidiaries for the marketing of non-space-related products and services since the 1990s:

  • Xi'an Test Institute for Space Propulsion (西安 航天 动力 试验 技术 研究所)
  • Shaanxi Aerospace Power Hi-Tech AG (陕西 航天 动力 高科技 股份有限公司)
  • Xi'an Aerospace Hongfa Industrial GmbH (西安 航天 弘 发 实业 有限公司)
  • Beijing Astronautics Kai'en Chemical Industry Technology GmbH (北京 航天 凯恩 化工 科技 有限公司)
  • Beijing Aerospace Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Engineering GmbH (北京 航天 石化 技术 装备 工程 有限公司)

Web links

Individual evidence

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Coordinates: 34 ° 9 ′ 49.3 "  N , 108 ° 57 ′ 34.3"  E