Alajos Hauszmann

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Alajos Hauszmann (born June 9, 1847 in Ofen , Austrian Empire , † July 31, 1926 in Velence ) was an Austro-Hungarian architect of historicism .

Life

Alajos (also Alois ) Hauszmann was born in 1847 as the second of four children into a family originally from Bavaria . His father, who in 1844 after plague drawn homeopath and pathologist Franz Hausmann (1811-1876) was doctor of Count Georg von Károlyi and since 1871 senior physician at St. Elisabeth Hospital and professor at the Budapest University . Alajo's siblings included Hermina (1845–1929), Ferenc (1850–1918) and Kornélia (1854–1937).

After graduating from high school, Alajos worked briefly as a bricklayer and enrolled in 1864 at the age of just 16 to study architecture at the Royal Hungarian Josef Polytechnic . In 1866 he moved to the Berlin Building Academy , where he met Ödön Lechner , among others . Back in Budapest in 1868 he took over a teaching position at the Technical University. From 1869 to 1870 he went on a study trip through Germany , France and Italy , with the Italian architecture of the Renaissance in particular exerting a lasting influence on him. In 1870 he worked briefly in the office of the Budapest architect Antal Skalnitzky , but went into business for himself that same year.

In 1872 at the age of 25, he received a professorship at the architecture faculty of the now renamed Josef University of Technology and Economics. During the 1870s he received a number of important private commissions, including building blocks of flats on Sugárút út (now Andrássy út ) and on the Great Square ( Nagykörút ). He also designed and built some city palaces. Hauszmann married in 1874. His daughter Gisella married the Budapest architect Dezső Hältl in 1899 .

In the 1880s he received several major orders from the Hungarian state and the city of Budapest. The buildings for the secondary school in Markó utca (1884), the Industrial Technology Museum (1887) and the Capital Court on Markó utca (1888) follow the same style, albeit on a larger scale. Compared to these buildings, his designs during the 1890s look very monumental and overloaded with baroque elements. The New York Hotel and the equally richly ornamental café became symbols of Budapest.

After the death of the court architect Miklós Ybl (1814-1891), Alajos Hauszmann took over the architectural management of the expansion work for the Royal Castle for a decade and a half and shaped its current neo-baroque appearance. His last major building is the main building of the Technical University (1905–1909), located directly on the banks of the Danube, which is still a neo-baroque design as a whole, but is characterized in detail by reduced Art Nouveau elements. In 1912 Hauszmann was awarded the Grand Cross of the Franz Joseph Order and he retired that same year. A long trip to Egypt and the Holy Land followed (1914).

In recognition of his work, he was made an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1924. Hauszmann died in 1926 at the age of 79. He is buried in the Kerepescher Friedhof .

plant

Capital Court (1890)
Hall of today's Ethnographic Museum , formerly the Palace of Justice (1896)
Part of the dining room in the north wing of the castle palace (1896, destroyed 1945)
Main building of the Technical University (1909)

Alajos Hauszmann was one of the most productive Budapest architects between the early days and the turn of the century. His early buildings are characterized by a neo- renaissance based on the Italian renaissance ; later he used more and more stylistic elements of the neo-baroque and, to a certain extent, the Secession . As an architect of many public buildings, as well as large villas, private and commercial buildings, his influence still has an impact on the Budapest cityscape . He published his own reports on his last buildings.

Hauszmann taught at the Technical University for 40 years. His students included Ignác Alpár , Kálmán Giergl , Dezső Hältl , Flóris Korb , Antal Palóczy , Samu Pecz and Emil Tőry .

Buildings and designs

  • 1872–1873: kiosk, Erzsébet tér , Budapest,
  • 1873–1876: interior design, Nádasdy Castle , Nádasdladány ,
  • 1876–1878: György Kégl Castle, Csalapuszta, Székesfehérvár (Stuhlweissenburg),
  • 1878–1879: Palais Kégl, Budapest,
  • 1878–1880: facade design, county seat, Szombathely ,
  • 1878–1880: St. Stephen's Hospital ( Szent István Kórház ), Budapest,
  • 1881–1883: Austro-Hungarian Bank, Szombathely,
  • 1882–1884: St. Elisabeth Hospital ( Szent Erzsébet Kórház ), Budapest,
  • 1883–1884: Upper secondary school ( Főreáliskola ), Budapest,
  • 1883–1884: University of Education, Budapest,
  • 1884–1885: Palais Batthyány , Budapest,
  • 1884–1886: State School for Girls, Sopron ,
  • 1884–1889: Pathological Institute of the Babeș-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg),
  • 1885–1886: Stefánia Yacht Club, Balatonfüred ,
  • 1886–1887: Forensic Medicine Institute of Semmelweis University , Budapest,
  • 1887–1889: Annex building of the Technical University, Budapest,
  • 1888–1890: Capital Court ( Fővárosi Bíróság ) and penal institution, Budapest,
  • 1889–1890: Kálmán Széll Castle , Rátót ,
  • 1890–1894: County hospital, Nitra ,
  • 1892–1893: General Hospital, Cluj-Napoca,
  • 1890–1894: New York Hotel and Café New York , Budapest,
  • 1891–1905: Extension of the Castle Palace , Budapest,
  • 1893–1896: Royal Hungarian Palace of Justice, Budapest ( Kúria , today: Budapest Ethnographic Museum ),
  • 1893–1897: Governor's Palace, Fiume (today: Historical Museum of the Croatian Littoral),
  • 1902–1909: Main building of the Royal Hungarian Joseph University of Technology and Economics, Budapest,

Publications (selection)

  • 1884: The Elisabeth-Spital established by the association of the red cross in the countries of the Heil. Crown of Hungary , Khór, Budapest
  • 1909: The new buildings of the Royal Hungarian Josef Polytechnic , Hornyánsky Viktor, Budapest
  • 1912: The Hungarian royal castle , Budapest

Honors and memberships

  • 1868: Member, Hungarian Chamber of Architects (MÉK)
  • 1895: Associate Member, Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
  • 1924: Honorary member, Hungarian Association of Applied and Visual Artists (KÉVE)
  • 1924: Honorary Member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)

Honors

literature

  • Ferdinand von Fellner-Feldegg : The architect. Viennese monthly books for building and decorative arts , Schroll, Vienna, 1897
  • Ákos Moravánszky: The architecture of the turn of the century in Hungary and its relationship to the Viennese architecture of the time , VWGÖ, Vienna, 1983
  • Ákos Moravánszky: The Architecture of the Danube Monarchy , Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, 1988
  • János Gerle: Hauszmann Alajos , Holnap, Budapest, 2002
  • András Sipos: Budapest and Vienna: technical progress and urban boom in the 19th century , Franz Deuticke, Vienna, 2003

Web links

Commons : Alajos Hauszmann  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christian Lucae: Homeopathy at German-speaking Universities: The Efforts to Institutionalize it from 1812 to 1945 . Georg Thieme , Stuttgart 1998, p. 207 f . ( online ).
  2. ↑ Fritz D. Schroers: Lexicon of German-speaking Homeopaths . Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 2006, p. 57 ( online ).
  3. ^ Entry about Alajos Hauszmann in the Hungarian Biographical Lexicon (MEK) of the National Széchényi Library (Hungarian)
personal data
SURNAME Hauszmann, Alajos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hauszmann, Alois
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian architect
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Buda
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1926
Place of death Velence