Albert Tawchelidze

Albert Tawchelidze ( Georgian ალბერტ თავხელიძე ; * December 16, 1930 in Tbilisi ; † February 27, 2010 in Moscow ) was a Georgian - Soviet physicist and university professor .

Life

Tawchelidse studied Theoretical Physics at the University of Tbilisi with completion in 1953. Then he went to Moscow for postgraduate study at Nikolai Bogolyubov in the Steklov Institute of Mathematics , where he in 1956 with his dissertation photoproduction of mesons on nucleons ${\displaystyle \pi \!\,}$ for candidates of Physics and Mathematics was awarded a doctorate . He then moved to the United Institute for Nuclear Research (OIJI) in Dubna as a research assistant . There he became head of the Department for Theory of Elementary Particles and then Deputy Director of the Laboratory for Theoretical Physics. In 1963 he received his doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences from Lomonosov University in Moscow .

From 1965 to 1970 Tawchelidze headed the department for theoretical physics of the institute for high energy physics in Protvino . From 1967 to 1971 he headed the department for elementary particle physics of the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kiev , which now bears Bogolyubov's name.

In 1970 Tawchelidze founded the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow- Troitsk , whose director he was until 1986 and whose department he headed for theoretical physics. In 1971 he founded the Department of Theoretical Physics at the AM Rasmadze Institute for Mathematics , which he headed until 2005. From 1977 to 1994 he was the scientific director of the Institute for High Energy Physics at the University of Tbilisi, which was founded on his initiative, and was director until 2005.

In 1976 Tawchelidze became professor at the chair for quantum statistics at Lomonossow University in Moscow (until 1990). From 1986 to 2005 he was a professor at the University of Tbilisi. In 2008 he was appointed to the Chair for Particles and Cosmology at Lomonossow University in Moscow, designed according to his ideas . He was co-editor of several professional journals.

Tawchelidses research contributed significantly to quantum field theory . He developed the dynamic quark model of the elementary particles in quantum chromodynamics . Together with BA Arbusow , he was one of the first to determine the possibility of the formation of masses of fermions through spontaneous symmetry breaking in the two-dimensional model of quantum field theory. His dynamic quark model of hadrons led to the formulation of a relativistic - covariant equation for systems of bound particles in quantum field theory (together with WG Kadyschewski , RM Muradjan , Nguyễn Văn Hiệu and others). He was also able to model the occurrence of baryon asymmetry.

Tavchelidze had been a corresponding member since 1967 and a full member since 1974 of the Georgian Academy of Sciences . Since 1984 he was a Corresponding Member and since 1990 a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and then of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1986 Tavchelidze became President of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (until 2005). From 1991 to 2000 he headed the Pugwash group in Georgia and also the Georgian division of the World Federation of Scientific Workers . From 1995 to 2005 he was the organizer and chairman of the Informatization and Higher Education Council of Georgia. During this time the academy was equipped with computers and connected to the internet .

Tavchelidze was a foreign member of some foreign academies of sciences, such as the Armenian Academy of Sciences since 2003. From 1995 to 2005 he was vice-president of the International Association of Academies of Sciences of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Vietnam . He organized international conferences, seminars and schools for young scientists. He actively participated in the Rochester Conferences (International Conference on High Energy Physics) in Dubna (1964), Kiev (1970) and Tbilisi (1976). Since 1980 he has organized the Quarks Conferences of the Moscow Institute for Nuclear Research.

From 1987 to 1990 Tavchelidze was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. From 1989 to 1991 he was a member of the People's Congress of the Soviet Union .

Tavchelidses grave is in Moscow's Troyekurovo cemetery .

Honors

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1971)
• State Prize of the USSR (1973) for the photo production of mesons on nucleons ${\displaystyle \pi \!\,}$
• Order of the October Revolution (1978)
• Lenin Prize (1988) for the color and determination of the quark structure of elementary particles and atomic nuclei
• Bogulyubov Prize of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (1996)
• State Prize of the Russian Federation (1998) for the establishment of the Baksan - Neutrino -Observatoriums and the study of neutrino physics
• Gold Medal for Promotion of Science from the International Association of Academies of Sciences of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Vietnam (1998)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1999)
• Honorary doctorate from OIJI (2000)
• Decoration of honor from Pope John Paul II (2000) for work in the World Federation of Scientific Workers in connection with the celebration of the birth of Christ 2000 years ago
• Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2001) for the construction and operation of the proton linear accelerator of the Moscow meson factory
• Bogolyubov Prize of the OIJI (2002)
• Honorary doctorate from the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (2005)
• Honorary citizens of Tbilisi, Telavi and Baghdati

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Альберт Никифорович Тавхелидзе (accessed October 5, 2016).
2. ↑ INR RAS: Tavkhelidze Albert Nikiforovich (accessed October 5, 2016).
3. ↑ Amaglobeli N S, Baldin A M, Zatsepin G T, Kadyshevskii V G, Lobashev V M, Krasnikov N V, Matveev V A, Rubakov V A, Sissakian A N, Slavnov A A, Chudakov A E, Shirkov D V: Albert Nikiforovich on his sevkhelidietze (birthday) . In: Physics-Uspekhi . tape 44 , 2001, p. 207-208 .
4. ^ Mathematics Genealogy Project: Albert Nikiforovich Tavkhelidze (accessed October 5, 2016).
5. ^ World Federation of Scientific Workers (WSFW) (accessed October 5, 2016).
6. ↑ Могила А.Н. Тавхелидзе на Троекуровском кладбище (accessed October 5, 2016).