Alpine clematis

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Alpine clematis
Alpine clematis (Clematis alpina)

Alpine clematis ( Clematis alpina )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Anemoneae
Genre : Clematis ( Clematis )
Type : Alpine clematis
Scientific name
Clematis alpina
( L. ) Mill.

The Clematis alpina ( Clematis alpina ) is a plant from the genus of clematis ( Clematis ) in the family of Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora
blossoms
Fruits with the durable styles

Vegetative characteristics

The alpine clematis is the only liana in the mountain forests of the Alps . It is a creeping or climbing creeping shrub with woody, climbing shoot axes with lengths of 30 to 300 centimeters.

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks are also creeping. The light green leaf blade is three-edged.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to August. There are flower stalks. The flowers are 2.5 to 4 inches in size. The four bracts are bright blue-purple. There are many free stamens .

The fruits weigh about 2.5 mg. The hairy, tail-like elongated stylus are about 3.5 centimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

From an ecological point of view , it is about " nectar- bearing disc flowers". The outer stamens are transformed into nectar leaves and are a source of nectar for bees , wasps and butterflies .

toxicology

The alpine clematis, like the upright clematis ( Clematis recta ), is poisonous. The main active ingredient is the skin-irritating protoanemonin . If you come into contact with the sap, this ingredient can cause skin reddening and itching.

Site conditions

The alpine clematis usually grows on calcareous soils . It often thrives on the edges of forests, in bushes, ravines, but also on rocks. It is a character species of the Vaccinio-Pinetum cembrae in Central Europe , but also occurs in plant communities of the Erico-Pinion association. In the Allgäu Alps, Clematis alpina subsp. alpina on the Mußkopf in Bavaria to an altitude of up to 1960 meters.

Clematis alpina subsp. ochotensis

Systematics and distribution

The range of Clematis alpina subsp. alpina comprises the Southwest and Eastern Alps , the Pyrenees , Apennines , Carpathians and the Balkan Mountains . But this clan also occurs in northern Europe and Asia with other subspecies .

Depending on the author, the species Clematis alpina comprises several subspecies:

  • Clematis alpina (L.) Mill. Subsp. alpina : It occurs in European mountains.
  • Clematis alpina subsp. ochotensis (Pall.) Kuntze (Syn .: Atrage ochotensis Pall. , Clematis ochotensis (Pall.) Poir. ): It occurs in Eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Korea and Japan.
  • Clematis alpina subsp. sibirica (Mill.) Kuntze (Syn .: Clematis sibirica Mill. ): It occurs in northern and northeastern Europe as well as in Asia.
The variety 'Tage Lundell'

Common names

For the alpine clematis there are or were also the other German-language trivial names : Grastrauben (Altenau) and Umwund (Altenau).

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 401.
  3. ^ Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Toxic Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994).
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 536.
  5. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 8: Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 . Page 108.
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 103. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Alpen-Waldrebe ( Clematis alpina )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files