Old town (Meissen)
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Old town
City of Meissen
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 50 ″ N , 13 ° 28 ′ 15 ″ E
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| Height : | 110 m above sea level NN |
| Postal code : | 01662 |
| Area code : | 03521 |
The old town is the historic city center of Meissen . Because of the bishops and margraves of Meissen who previously resided there, it is of outstanding cultural importance for Saxony .
geography
The old town is located in the city center of Meissen in the Meissen district . Its natural borders are the Triebisch in the southeast, the Elbe in the northeast and the slope into the Meisatal in the northwest. Essentially, the old town was built in the Triebisch estuary. Alongside the rivers, the terrain rises gradually, then steeply to the heights of the Burgberg in the north and the Afraberges and Jüdenberg in the west of the old town. The market square is 110 m above sea level. NN , the Jüdenberg at 165 m above sea level. NN .
Today the old town extends around the market. The boundary is defined as the area that was within the city wall until the 19th century. This ran from Fischergasse past Hochuferstraße, Gerbergasse, Roßmarkt, Neugasse, Jüdenbergstraße and Hintermauer. The outer border of the old town continues along Nossener Strasse, the ravine, the castle bridge, the north-west wall of the Albrechtsburg to the roundabout and on to the Fischergasse.
Neighboring districts and districts are Niedermeisa , Obermeisa , Triebischtal , Triebischvorstadt , Niederfähre , Vorbrücke and Cölln .
In the area of the old town, among other things, the Meißen city museum , the Evangelical Academy and the Meißen district court have their seat. There are also numerous cultural monuments in the Meißen old town .
At the edge of the old town of Meissen, the federal road 6 (Uferstraße) meets the state road 177 , which runs on the old town bridge over the Elbe. When the main road 101 was relocated in the northeast-southwest direction into the Schottenberg tunnel with the main load of the road traffic , the local traffic replaced the through traffic as a determining element. In the nearby Triebischvorstadt, the S 1 line of the Dresden S-Bahn stops at the “Meißen Altstadt” stop.
history
In the 10th century, there was initially only the fortification in place of today's Albrechtsburg . Towards the Elbe, through which a ford led, it was secured by a bailey called a moated castle. Immediately to the south of both, a trading center then developed on today's Theaterplatz. A little further west, on the Afraberg, knights and clerics settled on the Freedom Road . Between 1150 and 1200, the built-up area extended to the remaining area between Theaterplatz, Albrechtsburg, Afraberg and Triebisch. This is where the market and the streets starting from it arose; the road network laid out at that time has remained largely unchanged to this day. Numerous craftsmen settled here. The first Meissen Elbe bridge was mentioned in the 13th century , and the Meissen Cathedral , St. Afra Monastery and a city wall were also built . Outside of this, on the other side of the Triebisch, was the Neumarkt, where a Jewish community that had been eliminated in 1349 had settled.
In the 15th century, the bourgeois half-timbered houses gave way to larger stone buildings. During this time, the new building of the Meißner Frauenkirche as well as the construction of the town hall and the Franciscan church took place, and the city wall, which was largely removed again in the 19th century, was reinforced. In the 16th century there was a hospital in today's old town, which at that time was supplied with water by tube drives. At the time of the Thirty Years' War numerous Meissner fell victim to the plague, a fire set by Swedish troops destroyed over half of the old town. Greater damage was also to be found in the Second Silesian War , the Seven Years War , the coalition wars and the frequent flooding of the Elbe.
However, the old town, which was narrowly defined by the surrounding mountains, could not be expanded; only a few, very small suburbs emerged, including Hintermauer , Rauenthal , the Görnian suburb and the Triebisch suburb . Up until the 19th century, Meissen was therefore essentially restricted to the old town area. Due to the spatial closeness, industrial companies only had space outside the old town. After 1945, during the GDR era, the old buildings were neglected and the city center of Meissen fell into disrepair; Numerous town houses were not renovated until after 1990.
literature
- Elbe valley and Loess hill country near Meissen (= values of our homeland . Volume 32). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1979, pp. 118ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Design and advertising statutes "Historic Old Town" of the city of Meißen in the version of April 20th, 1995, last published in the official journal of the city of Meißen No. 5/1995 of May 5th, 1995 ( Memento of February 25th, 2005 in the Internet Archive ), PDF, 0.1 MB.
