Anatoly Wassiljewitsch Rschanow

Rzhanov's tombstone in the Novosibirsk South Cemetery

Anatoli Wassiljewitsch Rschanow ( Russian Анатолий Васильевич Ржанов ; born April 9, 1920 in Ivanovo-Voznesensk ; † July 25, 2000 in Novosibirsk ) was a Russian physicist and university professor .

Life

At the beginning of the German-Soviet War , Rzhanov was in the last year of his studies at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute . In December 1941, he volunteered for the marine infantry . He was given a short vacation to pass the final exam with distinction and to defend his thesis. He then served on a submarine of the Baltic Fleet and was deployed in the Oranienbaum bridgehead . He commanded a reconnaissance unit and carried out patrols in front of the front . He was seriously wounded in the fighting to break up the Leningrad blockade in 1943. At the end of 1943 he was demobilized and passed the entrance examination for the aspirantur at the Moscow Lebedev Institute for Physics (FIAN) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, from 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). As a result of illness and repeated injury on the occasion of a front visit with blindness in one eye, he was in hospitals from 1944 to 1945. During the postgraduate at FIAN he was in the work of the first semiconductor - transistor in the USSR involved. After completing his apprenticeship in 1948 and defending his work on the piezoelectric properties of ferroelectrics , he received his doctorate in 1949 as a candidate in physical-mathematical sciences . In 1962 he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences .

In 1962, at the invitation of Mikhail Alexejewitsch Lavrentjew , Rzhanov traveled with a group of FIAN employees to the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok and organized the Institute of Solid State Physics . In the same year he was elected Corresponding Member of the AN-SSSR. He taught at the University of Novosibirsk and founded the chair for semiconductor physics in 1963 , which he then headed (1966 appointed professor ). One of his most famous students was Igor Georgievich Neiswestny . In 1964, the Semiconductor Institute of the Siberian Department (SO) of the AN-SSSR with Rschanow as director emerged from the Institute for Solid State Physics and the Institute for Radiophysics .

Rschanow carried out fundamental work on the physics of dielectrics and semiconductors and on semiconductor electronics . He discovered and examined the piezoelectric effect of barium titanate - ceramics . Work focused Germanium - point contact diodes and -trioden, recombination in the bulk and on surfaces of semiconductors, the properties of the electronic states of surfaces and the development of energy-independent matrix memory elements , of microwave electronics devices, and by photographing equipment for spectral ranges from the visible region to the far infrared .

In 1984 Rschanow became a real member of the AN-SSSR and 1985 vice chairman of the SO of the AN-SSSR. When Rschanow retired in 1990, Konstantin Konstantinowitsch Switaschew succeeded him as director of the semiconductor institute.

In 2006 the Semiconductor Institute became the Rschanow Semiconductor Institute and in 2010 the street in front of it became Rschanowstraße .

Honors, prizes

• Medal of Bravery
• Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"
• Order of the Great Patriotic War II class (1945)
• Order of the Great Patriotic War I. Class
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor
• Order of Lenin (1980)
• Order of the October Revolution
• Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984)
• Order of Merit for the Fatherland IV class

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Biblioteka Akademgorodok: АКАДЕМИК АНАТОЛИЙ ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ РЖАНОВ (accessed January 25, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Анатолий Васильевич Ржанов (Некролог) . In: Наука в Сибири . No. 30-31 , August 4, 2000 ( [1] accessed January 25, 2019).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Большая российская энциклопедия: РЖА́НОВ Анатолий Васильевич (accessed January 25, 2019).
4. ↑ ^{a b} SO RAN: Ржанов Анатолий Васильевич (accessed January 25, 2018).
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Большая биографическая энциклопедия: Ржанов, Анатолий Васильевич (accessed January 25, 2019).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Министерство обороны Российской Федерации: Ржанов Анатолий Васильевич (accessed January 24, 2019).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Neiswestny I .: ВСЯ ЖИЗНЬ - РАЗВЕДКА БОЕМ . In: Наука в Сибири . No. April 14 , 2005 ( [2] accessed January 24, 2019).
8. ↑ ^{a b} RAN: Ржанов Анатолий Васильевич (accessed January 25, 2019).
9. ↑ Улица имени Ржанова . In: Наука в Сибири . No. 1-2 , January 13, 2011 ( [3] accessed January 25, 2019).