Anger 1
| Anger1 | ||
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| Basic data | ||
| Location: | Erfurt | |
| Opening: | September 27, 2000 | |
| Sales area : | 21,000 m² | |
| Shops: | 50 | |
| Visitors: | 38,898 per day | |
| Owner : | Aachen reason | |
| Operator: | ECE project management | |
| Website: | www.anger1erfurt.de | |
| Transport links | ||
| Bus stop: | Anger | |
| Tram : | Tram lines 1–6 | |
| Other: | The entrance to the parking garage is in Fleischgasse | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Architects : | Albert Giese and Ernst Giese | |
| Architectural style : | Art nouveau, modern | |
The shopping gallery Anger 1 is a shopping center at the northeast end of the Angers in the center of Erfurt and consists of an old building in Art Nouveau style and a modern new building with a parking garage .
development
Before the building was erected, Albert Blödner, who was born in Gotha in the 1830s, acquired the property on which the “Roman Emperor” was later built and ran a sawmill there. Since he moved to Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig around 1870 , he sold the property to the city of Erfurt.
Between 1906 and 1908, the old building was built as a department store Römischer Kaiser (KRK) according to a design by Halle architects Albert Giese and Ernst Giese , the financing of which was largely the responsibility of the Jewish Tietz family from Berlin. In 1927, two side wings were added. Ten years later, the Jewish owners of the department store were expropriated by the National Socialists .
From October 1, 1948, the department store Römischer Kaiser (KRK) became public property on the orders of the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) and in the 1950s it developed into one of the largest department stores in the GDR . After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990, the building came into the possession of Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH , which was finally merged with Karstadt Warenhaus AG in 1999 . Between 1999 and 2000 Karstadt Warenhaus AG had a modern extension with a parking garage built and complex reconstruction work carried out. Since then, the Anger 1 shopping gallery has been offering space for around 50 specialist shops and a Karstadt branch on an area of around 23,000 square meters, making it one of the largest shopping centers in the Free State of Thuringia . It is operated by the Hamburg company ECE Projektmanagement .
history
From hotel to department store Roman Emperor (1905–1945)
At the end of the 19th century, the Hotel Römischer Kaiser, a Viennese café and a wood shop owned by the Gotha native Albert Blödner, who moved to Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig in the 1870s, formed the eastern end of the Angers, which was completely destroyed by fire on December 12, 1905 fell victim. This created a vacant lot of approx. 2200 square meters between Krämpferstrasse (today's Krämpfertor) and Langen Gasse (today's Meyfartstrasse). As a result, the Jewish merchant Siegfried Pinthus, who owned a shop on Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (today's Domplatz ), planned to build a commercial building there. He received help for this project from his brother-in-law Arthur Arndtheim and from the Tietz family, who ran a large Berlin department store company and were related to Arthur Arndtheim's wife. On March 17, 1906, the Berlin property acquisition company of the Tietz family acquired the land for a purchase price never before paid in Erfurt, and from October 1, 1906, had the ruins of the fire torn down.
A little later, the construction of a new Art Nouveau department store began based on designs by the architects Albert and Ernst Giese from Halle an der Saale. The local construction management was carried out by Hans Wolf. The Erfurt master mason Rudolf Walther and the cement construction company Alban Vetterlein & Co. (Leipzig) were commissioned with the construction. The decision was made to use a four-storey reinforced concrete skeleton as the load-bearing structure, the facade was faced with sandstone and the roof was flanked with two corner towers. Between the two towers, a rotating globe, supported on eight pillars, was attached, which could be illuminated at night and had a diameter of approx. 4 meters. On the globe was the lettering Roman Emperor , it should symbolize the connection to the Hermann Tietz department stores, which all had a similar decoration. Inside the department store there was a 20 meter high atrium that stretched from the ground floor to the third floor and was closed off by a vaulted glass roof. Galleries led around the atrium , the pillars of which were decorated with bronze and stucco. Despite problems with the granting of building permits and delays caused by strikes, the shell and the interior plaster could be completed in the winter of 1907/1908 . On October 30, 1907 the department store Römischer Kaiser GmbH was founded ; Siegfried Pinthus, Arthur Arndtheim, Oscar Tietz and Leonhard Tietz acted as shareholders . After Oscar Tietz's death in 1926, his two sons Martin and Georg took over the representation of the Tietz family in the GmbH.
On March 23, 1908, the department store opened under the name Kaufhaus Römischer Kaiser (KRK) based on the previous building. Together with the Reibstein am Junkersand department store and the Germania department store on Löberstraße, a new type of retail store was created, which was characterized by a wide range of goods and hall-like sales areas. Furthermore, the goods could be offered at lower prices through joint bulk purchases with other department stores of the Hermann Tietz Group. These were particularly popular with the lower social class. On October 8, 1908, the two merchants Siegfried Pinthus and Arthur Arndtheim were appointed managing directors of the department store Römischer Kaiser GmbH .
In the mid-1920s, the economic situation in Germany stabilized, so that the willingness to buy and the number of visitors in the department store Römischer Kaiser increased sharply. It was then decided to buy up the neighboring properties in Krämpferstrasse (today's Krämpfertor) and Meyfartstrasse. In 1926 Max Arenstein took over the position as managing director of Siegfried Pinthus and Dr. Louis Herzberg was appointed head of human resources. Between mid-May and September 30, 1927, the department store was expanded by a large four-story building in the direction of Krämpferstrasse (today's Krämpfertor) under the direction of the Erfurt government architect Wilhelm Holzinger. In addition, a smaller extension with three floors was built opposite in Meyfartstraße, which the administration later moved into. During the construction work, sales operations continued without any problems, only shortly before the new extension was opened on November 17, 1927, the Römischer Kaiser department store had to be closed for a few days. As a result of the renovation, the shipping department was enlarged and the general sales area grew by half. In addition, a so-called refreshment room with 300 seats was created on the third floor of the extension and a food department on the fourth floor. The refreshment room offered various dishes and cakes from the in-house pastry shop together with musical entertainment every day . In addition, a cooling system was installed in the basement of the building, which supplied a 135 square meter cold room for food and ensured the cooling of the meat counter in the food department. In the early 1920s, a lending library with 5,000 books and magazines and a company-owned kindergarten were set up on the second floor of the department store .
At the end of 1927 it was planned to have the department store expanded again by Wilhelm Holzinger. The building was to be increased to a total of seven floors and the facade facing the Anger was to be redesigned. However, due to the anti-Semitism that arose in Erfurt and from 1933 when Hitler came to power , this project could not be realized even years later. At the end of the 1930s, the situation for the Jewish-owned and managed department store became increasingly threatening. First of all, the uniform price business , a branch of the department store on Johannesstrasse, had to be closed in 1934 . In 1935, the refreshment room was forced to close and the company's own advanced training school was closed a year later. Under the anti-Semitic propaganda, the department store's turnover also deteriorated; in 1930 it was still around 8,000 Reichsmarks per day and fell by almost half within four years. On September 25, 1937, the department store Römischer Kaiser GmbH was transferred to a general partnership in accordance with a law of July 1934. A week later, the department store was sold under duress and at a reduced value to Hans Quehl from Leipzig, and Hans Quehl & Co. incorporated. Finally, on November 19, 1937, the two merchants Arthur Arndtheim and Siegfried Pinthus were officially removed from the commercial register as partners . A few days later, Siegfried Pinthus, who had lost his life's work through expropriation, died at the age of 67 of a heart attack in Friedrichroda . Until his death, Siegfried Pinthus, in addition to his position as a partner in the KRK, was chairman of the Jewish community in Erfurt, which he had taken over in 1926. Arthur Arndtheim emigrated to Ramat Gan in Palestine (now Israel ) with his wife Erna and son Karl Heinz in April 1939 and died there on November 20, 1945.
The new owner Hans Quehl, a staunch National Socialist, planned to convert the Roman Emperor department store into an Aryan department store . He then had the glass globe removed under the direction of Erich Herrmann. Large parts of the staff were fired because of their Jewish beliefs or political views. He also published advertisements in newspapers that drew attention to the change in ownership and attracted new customers. During the Second World War , all departments of the department store were gradually closed except for the fourth floor and the first floor of the new wing. From 1939, the Erfurt main post office was relocated to the former food department of the department store to protect against air raids . In 1944, incendiary bombs and pressure waves from detonating air mines caused damage to the building. On April 12, 1945, the city of Erfurt was captured by US troops and the fourth floor was destroyed by artillery fire. From May 17, 1945, the department store Römischer Kaiser came under the management of a trust company and the previous owner Hans Quehl was dismissed. Since July 2, 1945, the city of Erfurt and the state of Thuringia belonged to the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ).
From the KRK to the Centrum Warenhaus (1945–1990)
From August 1945 the first floor of the department store served as a storage room for the Soviet officers, soldiers and their families stationed in the city for a few months . After makeshift repairs to major damage, the city administration opened part of the fourth floor in December 1945 for the population of Erfurt to buy food . A few months later, the entire fourth floor and, from June 1946, the refreshment room were accessible again. In addition, a food exchange center was set up on the first floor and certain areas of the Roman Emperor department store were used as shelter for war refugees from the eastern regions and those returning from war. In December 1946 the ground floor and in 1947 the first floor of the new wing could be reopened. After the end of the Second World War , Erna Arndtheim and the special representative for the management of Jewish assets, Georg Chaim, tried to get the store back as property. With the transfer of the department store to public ownership on the orders of the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) on March 5, 1948, these efforts had to be finally stopped.
On October 1, 1948, the department store Römischer Kaiser was incorporated into the Verband Thüringer Konsumgenossenschaften GmbH Volkskraft and was given the new name Konsum Kaufhaus . Just a few years later, on February 1, 1952, it became the property of the central trade organization (HO) under the leadership of Alfred Best and was renamed HO-Warenhaus . During this time the department store had 30 sales departments and around 870 employees, making it one of the largest department stores in the GDR . At the end of the 1950s, the volume of goods and the number of customers increased more and more, so the sales area was expanded and an escalator was installed on the third floor. The atrium was closed and a mural with scenes of Diana, the goddess of the hunt, mosaics and decorations on the pillars were removed during the construction work. In addition, the figural jewelry and the sandstone decorations above the main portal were replaced by a three-part window. In 1963, the original elevator from the time the department store Römischer Kaiser was built was also removed as part of renovation work in the entrance area. From January 1, 1965, all HO department stores were merged into the so-called Association of People's Own Department Stores (VVW) and the Erfurt branch was renamed Centrum Warenhaus . Extensive reconstruction work began in 1968, as a result of which the department store had to be temporarily closed. A 45 meter long and 20 meter wide tent named Centrum Blase was set up on the Domplatz as an alternative accommodation . From the 1970s onwards, various sales areas were outsourced, for example the painting and home improvement supplies in 1975 and the food department in 1984. On May 15, 1982, in front of the department store, the New Anger Fountain, which the sculptor Waldo Dörsch had created, was inaugurated . From 1984 reconstruction work was carried out again, but this was interrupted by a major fire on June 27, 1985. On that day, around 7 a.m., an arson fire broke out on the first floor of the new wing, which then almost completely destroyed the first and fourth floors of the building. As a result, the most important sales departments had to be outsourced, for example to the Krämerbrücke and the Krämpferstrasse. After nine months, on time for the XI. At the SED party congress on April 11, 1986, the Centrum Warenhaus was finally able to reopen with an area of around 6,000 square meters. In August 1987, a customer restaurant with space for approx. 90 people was set up in the attic of the side wing. With the end of the GDR in 1990 and the establishment of the Centrum Warenhaus Erfurt GmbH shortly afterwards, the time of public ownership ended for the department store.
From public property to Anger 1 shopping gallery (from 1990)
On March 15, 1991, Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH took over the Centrum Warenhaus and had makeshift repairs and alterations carried out. It was then reopened on September 5, 1991 with a sales area of 6,300 square meters. Robert Anslinger was hired as managing director, who was replaced shortly afterwards by Günter Borkenhagen on September 23, 1991. On January 1, 1994, Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH was taken over by Karstadt AG , but the old name Hertie was retained. Furthermore, the Arndtheim family finally received compensation, whose son Karl-Heinz reached an agreement with Karstadt AG .
The Anger 1 shopping gallery project was presented for the first time in March 1998 and a decision was taken on May 15 by Karstadt AG . The plans envisaged that the former department store Römischer Kaiser should be renovated and expanded with a new building with a Karstadt branch and a parking garage. The foundation stone was then laid for the shopping center on May 19, 1999 , and the department store closed two months later as part of construction work. The ground floor rooms of a new block on Juri-Gagarin-Ring, corner of Lachsgasse, with an area of only 2,900 square meters, were used as alternative quarters. In the months that followed, the Karstadt themed house was built, with several old buildings on Meyfartstrasse, Krämpferstrasse and Fleischgasse having to be demolished. By building a new atrium and using the same ridge heights, the new building was harmoniously connected to the old part of the building. The floor plan of the new building was adapted to the course of the street and its facade was largely closed. It was also decided to reconstruct parts of the historic Roman Emperor department store . The planning for this was done by the architectural office Rhode Kellermann Wawrowsky in Düsseldorf . For example, the staircases, the original length of the shop windows as well as the old atrium and the sculptures above the main portal were restored in a modified form. On December 5, 1999, the multi-storey car park with approx. 750 parking spaces was completed and between April and June 2000 the two corner towers of the Römischer Kaiser department store were re-roofed with new sheet copper under the direction of master roofer Frank Rost. On January 1, 1999, Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH was merged with Karstadt AG and one year later Karstadt Warenhaus AG was formed from it. The topping-out ceremony for the new Karstadt building was celebrated on March 24, 2000 . On September 27, the Anger 1 shopping gallery opened together with the Karstadt themed house. Since then there have been numerous medium-sized retail companies in the original Römischer Kaiser department store and a Karstadt branch in the 12,000 square meter new building. In 2000, south of the Anger 1 shopping gallery on Meyfartstrasse, the former Preußischer Hof was torn down and instead the foundation stone for a Karstadt sports shop was laid on August 29th. In 2001, the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) presented the Anger 1 shopping gallery with the ICSC Shopping Award in the Refurbishment category. In April of the same year, the Karstadt sports shop was opened with a sales area of around 3,000 square meters. In November 2008, Günter Borkenhagen was replaced by Jan de Wit as managing director of the Karstadt branch. Between March 28 and November 15, 2008, the centenary of the former department store Römischer Kaiser was celebrated with an exhibition about the history of the building. ECE Projektmanagement GmbH & Co. KG is in charge of renting and managing the Anger 1 shopping gallery . In December 2006, Nadine Strauss was given the position of center manager of the shopping gallery, which Thomas Nagelschmitz took over in August 2012.
architecture
The shopping gallery Anger 1 consists of two parts, the former department store Römischer Kaiser with an area of approx. 11,000 square meters and a new building with approx. 12,000 square meters. The old building is a reinforced concrete frame structure and has four storeys that are used as a sales area. The architectural design of the facades is stylistically assigned to the neo-renaissance style, but in the decorative details it also shows clear influences of Art Nouveau . The western face in the direction of Anger is flanked by two corner towers and contains the main portal , which is crowned by two figures with canopies and arches. The facade made of Cotta sandstone is divided on each side by seven window axes and has three ornamental gables , which are decorated with ornaments and small windows. There are large shop windows on the ground floor. The two corner towers protrude from the rest of the building like a risalit and are closed by vaulted, multiple broken copper helmets. The facade of the corner towers has balustrade- like projections on the fourth floor and is traversed by a cornice , which is accompanied by decorative elements. These include, for example, fields of coats of arms that are decorated with a crown and are intended to remind of the former Hotel Römischer Kaiser. To the east of the old building is the part of the building with the newly built Karstadt branch, which has five floors and is connected to the multi-storey car park with around 750 parking spaces.
The interior of the old building is divided into two atriums , which are connected by a passage and can be reached from the outside via the main portal and two side entrances. The old atrium is located in the west of the building and was reconstructed in a different form and position in 2000. In the eastern part is the new atrium, which extends from the basement to the fourth floor and provides access to the various floors via escalators . Furthermore, it represents the connection between the former department store Römischer Kaiser and the new building.
literature
- Ruth Menzel, Eberhard Menzel, Heinz Stade: The Erfurt department store and its century. Karstadt Warenhaus AG Erfurt, Erfurt 2000.
- Ruth Menzel, Eberhard Menzel, Cornelia Nowak, Brigitte Peukert: Villas in Erfurt. Part 3. Rhino Verlag, Arnstadt / Weimar 1998, p. #.
- Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Thuringia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-422-03095-6 , S. #.
Web links
- Shopping gallery Anger 1
- Overview on the ECE homepage
- History Galerie Anger 1 / Department Store Römischer Kaiser on erfurt-web
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 39 ″ N , 11 ° 2 ′ 10 ″ E