Anger (Erfurt)
The Anger is the central square of the Thuringian capital Erfurt . It is located in the southeast of the old town, between the cathedral and the main train station . The Anger is an elongated square, the northeast end of which is the Anger 1 shopping center . The south-western end is marked by the Angerbrunnen . The total length is about 500 meters, the area (from Angerbrunnen to Kaufmannskirche) almost 20,000 square meters. While the northeast section expands into a square, the southwest section is a wide street that has been transformed into a pedestrian zone .
history
The name Anger for the central square of Erfurt within the city walls is first found in a document from 1196. From the 14th to 17th centuries, woad was traded on the eastern part of the Angers , to which Erfurt owes its great wealth at this time . The terms Weidt Anger or Waydanger for the square can also be found from this period .
Development
The edge development of the Angers is no longer uniform. The main post office in neo-Gothic style dates from 1895. At the north end there are still houses from the 17th century, such as the Kurmainzische packing and weighing yard . But there are also buildings that were only erected in the last few years. B. the Angereck with its modern glass facade, which houses the Hugendubel bookstore .
Anger 1
The Anger 1 shopping gallery was built between 1906 and 1908 under the direction of the architects Albert and Ernst Giese as a department store Römischer Kaiser (KRK) at the eastern end of the Angers. The department store construction was largely financed by the Jewish Tietz family , who owned numerous department stores until they were expropriated in the 1930s. A hotel of the same name and two other buildings had previously been located on the site of the department store, but they fell victim to a fire on December 12, 1905. The Römischer Kaiser department store , together with the Reibstein am Junkersand department store and the Germania department store in Löberstraße, formed a new form of retail trade that was characterized by a large range of goods and hall-like sales areas. In 1927, two side wings were added, which doubled the sales area. Due to the emerging anti-Semitism at the beginning of the 1930s, a branch in Johannesstrasse and the company's own advanced training school had to be closed. At the end of 1937, the department store was expropriated by the National Socialists . During the Second World War , almost all floors were gradually closed and in April 1945 the fourth floor of the department store was destroyed by artillery fire.
From October 1, 1948, the department store Römischer Kaiser became public property on the orders of the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) and was given the new name Konsum-Kaufhaus a little later . In the early 1950s, the department store was incorporated into the central trade organization (HO) and developed under the new name HO-Warenhaus into one of the largest shopping centers in the GDR. At the end of the 1950s, extensive renovation work was carried out as a result of which the main portal and the old atrium in Art Nouveau style were removed. After the unification of all HO department stores to unite state-owned department stores in 1965, the department store was renamed Centrum Warenhaus .
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990, the department store came into the possession of Hertie Waren- und Kaufhaus GmbH , which was merged with Karstadt Warenhaus AG in 1999 . Between 1999 and 2000 Karstadt Warenhaus AG had a modern extension with a parking garage built and complex reconstruction work carried out. Since then, the Anger 1 shopping gallery has been offering space for around 50 specialist shops and a Karstadt branch on an area of around 23,000 square meters, making it one of the largest shopping centers in the Free State of Thuringia .
Ursuline Monastery
The Ursuline Monastery (Albarum Dominarum) is a Gothic style monastery at the southeast end of the Angers. It was first mentioned in a document in 1235 as a white woman monastery. The monastery was under the special protection of Friedrich I in the 12th century . Historians conclude that it existed a long time before it was first mentioned.
The Ursuline monastery was used by the Magdalen nuns until 1667 and then became the property of the Ursulines, who use the monastery to this day. In a fire in 1689, the monastery church of St. Ursula and the monastery itself were badly damaged, but were subsequently rebuilt.
The later canonized Landgrave of Thuringia Elisabeth wrote a letter to Pope Gregory IX in this monastery . in which she asked his advice on whether her path of poverty was right. Friedrich Schiller visited the monastery on August 2, 1787 to meet with a sister and an aunt Henriette von Arnims . In addition, the Ursuline monastery is the only monastery in Erfurt that was not abolished during the secularization of 1821 and still exists today. It has been a center of educational training since the 19th century and is now inhabited by 20 nuns.
In the monastery there are some art treasures, such as the oversized wood-carved Vespers shield from 1340, which shows Mary with the body of Christ, and the Magdalen carpet from the 15th century.
Merchant church
The Kaufmannskirche (mercatorum instra) is a Gothic style church on the eastern edge of the Angers. It was first mentioned in 1248 as a parish church and built as a merchants' church with a Gothic basilica and east towers from 1291 to 1368. The church dates back to the founding of Frisian merchants in the 11th century, where the first church was probably built.
In 1521 the merchants' church was reformed and received a post-Reformation interior from 1598 to 1625, in which the pulpit, the font and the altar were rebuilt. Martin Luther preached a sermon here on October 22, 1522.
The merchant church received two different domes, the north tower received a baroque dome in 1684 and the south tower received new upper floors in 1864. Furthermore, today's organ prospectus was completed in 1686. During the Thirty Years' War the merchant church was a Swedish garrison church from 1636 to 1650.
On July 20, 1944, the Kaufmannskirche was badly damaged in an air raid by the 3rd US Air Division. It was rebuilt between 1946 and 1952. In front of the Kaufmannskirche there is a Luther memorial by Fritz Schaper from 1883.
Lorenz Church
The Lorenzkirche (St. Laurentius) was founded before 1140 as a monastery church and later also used as a parish church. After the city fire in 1413, the Lorenz Church was badly damaged and lost its Romanesque parts. The 40-meter-high tower, which has been preserved to this day, still comes from the church before the fire.
In the first half of the 15th century a major renovation and the addition of the north aisle and the south nave facade took place. The church was restored in 1607 and 1858 and got a new apse in 1888 and a new sacristy in 1925 . In 1996 the Lorenz Church was again extensively renovated. Today it houses a Roman Catholic community.
In the Lorenz Church there is a high altar from 1448 and a free-standing Man of Sorrows in sandstone from 1440.
Black Lion House
The Black Lion House is a three-story Renaissance building that was built in 1577. The interior of the building has stucco work from the 17th century. It was used as a beer and woad trader's house and from 1605 belonged to the Worms family. Its members were elected four times in the 16th century to be the city's four lords.
In 1632 Maria Eleonora von Brandenburg , Queen of Sweden, was living in the House of the Black Lion when she received the news of the death of Gustav II Adolf in the battle of Lützen . Opposite the Haus zum Schwarzen Löwen was the former swan pharmacy. This was the place of activity of Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff , he is considered the founder of modern pharmacy.
From 1885 the Keyser'sche bookstore was located in the building , the successor of which existed until 1992. Then a kiosk and a flower shop moved in. Since January 26, 2007, a branch of the Nordsee restaurant chain has been located on the ground floor.
Main post office
The main post office is a building built between 1882 and 1886 as the imperial main post office with a gothic facade made of sandstone , clinker bricks and terracotta . It was planned by the architect Klamodt. Previously there were houses from the Middle Ages , including two patrician houses . The main post office is a corner building with the main post office tower at its corner. Up until the Second World War, the Schlösserstraße flowed into the Anger. The helmet of the main post office tower was destroyed by artillery fire in April 1945 and then rebuilt in a simplified form by 1949. The largest Renaissance house in the city was built on its site in 1612, which belonged to the woad dealer Job von Stotternheim and which was completely destroyed in a fire 30 years later.
The Erfurt Oberpostdirektion was opened on January 1st, 1850 in the course of the reorganization of the Prussian postal system in the former Anger 68 building. The year 1867 brought major changes at the Prussian post office in general, at the Oberpostdirektion Erfurt in particular. On January 28, 1867, the Thurn und Taxis postal system, which had existed up to this point in time, was contractually transferred to the Prussian state . For the Oberpostdirektion Erfurt this meant an area increase from 62 to 241 square miles with a population of 1.3 million inhabitants. To compensate for this increase, a new main post office was built and handed over in 1895. With the Reich Post Finance Act of March 18, 1924, the post office was transformed into an independent administration of the German Reich Post . About four years after the Second World War in the Soviet zone of occupation , the German post office of the GDR created these used the main post office as a postal center of the city of Erfurt. With the reunification of Germany in 1990, the GDR's Deutsche Post was integrated into the Deutsche Bundespost . The building still uses this as the central acceptance point for letters and parcels.
In the spring of 2006, extensive modernization and redesign began. After all the work was completed in June 2007, the historic main post office area now offers around 13,900 m² of retail and office space, 4,508 m² of which is retail space on the ground floor.
Angereck
The building ensemble at the corner of the Angers with the eastern end of Schlösserstraße is called Angereck . Since the earlier development was destroyed by a bomb attack during the Second World War on July 20, 1944 and several houses in the adjoining Schlösserstraße were torn down during the GDR era, the area had been undeveloped for over 30 years. A first Angereck was built between 1977 and 1979 according to the designs of the city architect Walter Nitsch . It was a six-story steel frame building with prefabricated ceilings and a curtain wall . The construction of the building was commissioned by the GDR travel agency and also used by them. There was also a café with 145 seats on the ground floor and a mocha bar with a terrace on the first floor . At the end of the 1990s, the GDR Angereck was torn down and replaced by the current new building. This is a very controversial new building with a modern glass facade from the year 2000 when it was built. It houses the Hugendubel bookstore , as well as a branch of the H&M clothing chain , a bakery, a shoe store, an insurance company and the IMK market research institute . There are also apartments in the roof area of the Angereck.
Angermuseum
Today's Angermuseum was built as a Kurmainzischer packing and weighing yard by Viennese builders. The Franconian-influenced baroque building was built from 1706 to 1712 at the instigation of the Mainz governor, Count Philipp Wilhelm von Boineburg , to ensure that all goods imported and exported were cleared in Erfurt. Furthermore, the building was used as a library and armory for the Landwehr. The building is structured by pilasters and has rich sculptural decorations. In the gable triangle is the statue of the patron saint of the city, St. Martin, as well as the four sculptures Justitia, Charitas, Prudentia and Vigilantia (justice, charity, virtue, vigilance) by Gottfried Gröninger. The hall for the car handling is still located on the ground floor today.
The Kurmainzische packing and weighing yard has been used as a museum for medieval art since 1886. It is supported by the Vereinigung der Erfurter Museumsfreunde eV and the Association for Art and Applied Arts . The museum built its collection of paintings on the bequest of Friedrich Nerly the Elder that had been transferred to him . In 1912, Edwin Redslob, who later became the Reichskunstwart, took over the museum, followed by Walter Kaesbach.
House Dacheröden
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The building, known today as Haus Dacheröden, was called the Lucius House until 1945 . There used to be a corresponding large label on the gable front facing Neuwerkstrasse. The building is a semi-detached house. In 1814 Sebastian Lucius inherited the Spoenlasche house "Zum güldenen Hecht" (Anger No. 38), which he combined in 1832 with the adjoining "House for the Great and New Ship" (Anger No. 37) acquired by Dacherödenschen. It became - together with extensive courtyard buildings - company headquarters (textile production and trade) and residential building. The house is a renaissance building built in 1557 and preserved to this day with a polygonal bay window and arched portal. The portal arch bears the profile heads of Christ and Paul and was designed by Blasius Hennigk . Above the right portal there is still the writing: “Joh. Anton Lucius founded in 1763 ”.
The house "To the large and new ship" was the residence of the von Dacheröden family in the 18th century. Karl Friedrich von Dacheröden , President of the Erfurt Academy of Nonprofit Sciences , made his house a focal point of intellectual and cultural life in Erfurt. Karl Theodor von Dalberg , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller frequented this place . In 1789 Wilhelm von Humboldt married Caroline von Dacheröden in the Dacheröden house. Furthermore, Schiller's engagement to Charlotte von Lengefeld took place here in 1789 . A plaque attached to the facade during the renovation in 1928 commemorated the visits by Wilhelm von Humboldt, Alexander von Humboldt , Schiller, Goethe, Bismarck and Moltke .
From 1814/1832 the house belonged to the later ennobled Lucius family, who did a great job for Erfurt. This initially operated a knitting yarn wholesaler ( Johann Anton Lucius Company ) and produced important personalities in business and politics. Today's Lucius-Hebel-Foundation, an old people's home and a branch of the Franciscan Sisters in Erfurt was founded by the Lucius family. The Angerbrunnen opposite the Lucius-Haus (called Monumentalbrunnen during the construction period ) was essentially donated by the family. After the war, the Lucius House was sold under pressure to the leading publishing house of the GDR.
On August 24, 2006 the freshly renovated roof structure burned out completely. After the renewed renovation, the house will again be used as a cultural forum.
Wigbertikirche
The area on which the Wigbertikirche is located was first mentioned in 954 as a trading yard and was originally owned by the Hersfeld monastery . There was a chapel in its place as early as 1210 .
In 1259 the Wigbertikirche was built as a parish church and was connected to a monastery at an early stage. The Augustinians were robbed of their monastery in Erfurt in 1559 and returned to Erfurt in 1651. They were assigned to St. Wigbert what they rebuilt until 1665 and used until it was repealed in 1824.
The current tower of the church dates from 1409, the church that has been preserved to this day from 1434. The choir belonging to the church was built from 1473 to 1475. The spire was one of the inhabited fire watch towers until 1878 and was rebuilt for this purpose in 1563. The Wigbertikirche has a single-nave late Gothic hall with a star vault and rococo chairs as well as a sacristy from 1670 with stucco.
Sparkasse am Anger
The savings bank building at Anger 25 was built in 1930 in the New Objectivity style based on designs by Ludwig Boegl and Johannes Klass and provided with groups of figures by Hans Walther . Behind the listed facade it was completely redesigned from 1994 to 1996.
Town houses
In the western part of the Angers, town houses from the 19th and early 20th centuries dominate. Most of them have retail space on the ground floor and richly decorated facades. A special feature of these buildings is that each has its own historical name.
Bismarck House
One of these town houses is the Bismarckhaus , built at the beginning of the 20th century , on whose facade a larger than life bronze statue of Otto von Bismarck by Christian Paschold has been attached since the restoration of the house in 2004 . This was financed from donations (memorial plaque) and on the initiative of the Bismarck Tower Association Erfurt e. V. made. The inauguration took place in the presence of Prince Ferdinand von Bismarck . The first statue from 1904 was removed in 1945. In March and April 1850, as a member of the Erfurt Union Parliament , Bismarck lived in the previous building, "Haus zum Tannenberge und zum Grünen Löwen", which was demolished in 1900 . The following slogan on the facade of the house also reminds of Bismarck: “In Erfurt I earned my diplomatic spurs.” (Otto von Bismarck).
traffic
The Anger is of great importance for Erfurt's public transport , as all six light rail lines meet here. Between 1948 and 1975 it was also the starting point for all trolleybus lines and, until it was redesigned into a pedestrian zone from 1974, it was also a crossroads for car traffic. In the period from 1961 up to this redesign, the traffic police regulated the flow of traffic from the Angerturm .
Culture
Since 1994, the MDR has broadcast the talk show Unter uns from Café Anger-Maier on a regular basis . In this program, citizens of the federal states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia are introduced and stories from their lives are told. The program has been moderated by Ulrike Nitzschke since 1994 , and from January 16, 2004, she was reinforced by Axel Bulthaupt as co-moderator. At the end of 2008 the café was closed.
Color redesign 1976–1978
The Weimar artist Horst Jahresling (1922–2013), born in Erfurt, was involved in the restoration of the historic city center in Weimar in 1975 by creating color arrangements for facades. In 1976 he was commissioned to paint the Angers in Erfurt, where he redesigned more than 60 buildings. Yearling “used courage and persuasiveness to bring color into everyday gray in the past decades of the GDR era” ( Christine Lieberknecht , 1997).
“The compact mass of the Wilhelminian-style buildings in the immediate vicinity of the Angermuseum were colored down to the smallest detail in order to take away their dominance. I thought it would be a good idea to color the background of a building and leave the structure in sandstone as a colored contrast. For other buildings I did the opposite; the surface in its material, the structure in color. In this way the baroque building regained its primacy. I set the colors on the Wilhelminian style buildings in light value contrast and in cold-warm tension, the sounds grotesquely increased in order to make the bizarre design language of the late 19th century even more visible. (...) The buildings of the twenties of our century are set in graphic tension, that means light walls are in contrast to the dark window sills. The window timbers should give an accent in blue or red. (...) I always assumed that I would create a promenade and not an architecture museum . (...) The color design options were fully used - through complementary tensions, light value contrasts, active-passive relationships, nuances, proportional contrasts and cold-warm tensions. When the scaffolding fell, to my great joy the people of Erfurt fully embraced the new face of their Angers. "
literature
- Th. Müller, H. Krause: Anger-Bummel Erfurt. DEWAG Erfurt, Erfurt 1980.
- City of Erfurt (ed.): Der Anger - 1250 years of Erfurt. Brochure.
- Gerd Schöneburg: Erfurt - guide through the historic old town. Druckhaus Gera, Erfurt 2001.
- Gerd Schöneburg: Erfurt - 100 years ago and today. Erfurt 2004.
Essays:
- Horst Jahresling : A promenade, not an architecture museum. For the color redesign of the Erfurt Angers. P. 581–584 in: Fine Arts No. 12/1978, published by the Association of Fine Artists of the GDR.
Individual evidence
- ^ Steffen Raßloff : Hospitable house. The Dacheröden house and Wilhelm von Humboldt. In: Thüringer Allgemeine from December 1, 2012.
- ↑ Steffen Raßloff: Symbol of the city of flowers. The old Angerbrunnen. In: Thüringer Allgemeine from October 15, 2011.
- ↑ Robert von Lucius: The Erfurt family Lucius. In: Erfurter Heimatbrief , No. 37 (1978), pp. 28–37.
- ↑ P. 2 in the catalog Horst Jahresling - Painting 1962-1997 for the exhibition in the art cabinet at Goetheplatz, December 4th 1997 to March 1st 1998. Weimar 1997, 51 pages, format approx. 1000 copies. First personal catalog of the artist. With a greeting from Christine Lieberknecht.
- ^ Horst Jahresling: A promenade, not an architecture museum. For the color redesign of the Erfurt Angers. P. 581–584 in: Fine Arts No. 12/1978, published by the Association of Fine Artists of the GDR
Web links
Anger | Domplatz (main market) | Fish market | Herrmannsplatz / Roßmarkt | Little market
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 34 ″ N , 11 ° 2 ′ 3 ″ E