Antonielów (Łopuszno)
| Antonielów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Holy Cross | ||
| Powiat : | Kielecki | ||
| Gmina : | Łopuszno | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 57 ' N , 20 ° 12' E | ||
| Residents : | 196 (2006) | ||
| Postal code : | 26-070 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 41 | ||
| License plate : | TKI | ||
Antonielów (formerly also Antonillów ) is a village with a Schulzenamt of the rural community Łopuszno in the Powiat Kielecki of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in Poland . It is 35 km northwest of Kielce .
history
When the Duchy of Warsaw fell into the newly formed Russian-dominated Congress Poland in 1815 , the new administration came to the opinion in 1817 that new colonies could be established in Kielce County. In the official's report, Antonielów was described as the only significant existing German colony. German colonists were settled on the Dobiecki family's estates in Łopuszno before and after this year, but probably only Antonielów and Eustachów (founded in 1818) emerged as completely new settlements in the wilderness. With Józefina, the three colonies from this period had the largest proportion of German residents - however, many Germans later emigrated from Józefina and around 1850 there were only 4 Protestant families there, while the Germans made up the majority of the residents of the daughter settlement Karolinów until the interwar period.
Antonielów was born by F. Dobiecki after his wife Antonilla Dobiecka. Przerębska and was probably the largest German-Evangelical colony in the whole of the then Krakow Voivodeship (with its seat in Kielce, from 1837 Gouvernment Krakow, from 1841 Gouvernment Kielce). The colony was settled in 1814 by colonists from the German-speaking islands in Kalischer Land , Poznan and Silesia and they were probably headed by a certain Wawrzyniec Dewid. Eustachów and Józefina were named after Dobiecki's children. On behalf of the colonists in Eustachów, the contract for the establishment of the colony was signed by Gottfried Arendt, who was formerly the head of the Bogusław colony in the Radom district. They were able to maintain a school where the teacher is supposed to teach German and Polish (this has become the subject of some controversy in the future). Józefina was founded on the site of the former towns of Stara Huta and Nowa Huta and had an area of around 400 hectares. According to the contract, the colonists could also live in the neighboring village of Olszówka. Both places grew together for the most part. All inns in the colonies should belong to the landowner.
In 1820 Antonielów had 161 inhabitants, Józefina 116 (including 26 Jews) and Eustachów 87. In 1836, 253 German Lutherans and 97 Polish Catholics lived in Antonielów, 249 Catholics and 76 Lutherans in Eustachów and 233 Catholics and 33 Lutherans in Józefina (including Olszówka) there were 362 Protestants (11.38%) in the parish of Łopuszno. Around 1827 a German colony (later the hamlet Skałka Niemiecka) arose on the grounds of the village of Skałka, immediately southwest of Antonielów. In 1837 the Evangelical Augsburg congregation in Kielce was spun off from Radom for them . With 236 Protestants, the Łopuszno congregation made up more than half of the members and the local prayer house is said to be visited four times a year by the pastor from Kielce. The society of the colonists was quite hermetic - confessional mixed marriages (in the three colonies between the years 1820 and 1837 only by 5%) were often prevented by the Lutheran and Catholic Church. B. in 1856 between a German Bohemian Catholic and a Protestant woman, although both were German residents from Antonielów. In 1841 Pastor Roetscher complained against the cantor (and the first teacher of the elementary school raised to the state in 1837, who came from the province of Posen) in Antonielów, Gottlieb Müller, and Mr. Gottlieb Lüttke, that they founded a sect in the village. They were under the influence of Pastor J. Bennie from Tomaszów and held services independently from Kielce. The dispute ended the next year in the Chęciny court with Müller's removal as cantor and teacher. In 1843, Roetscher also described the Protestant cemeteries in Józefina and Eustachów as illegal, while there was a legal one in Antonielów. Daniel Beetke from the Krery colony near Bełchatów became the new teacher or cantor until 1865. In 1845 the settlement of Karolinów was founded by colonists from Antonielow, and the Marjanów colony was established a little later. Karolinów was named after the landowner's wife.
In 1856 Antonielów was still the largest parish in the parish of Kielce with 191 evangelicals (a total of 581 members). The German primary school in Antonielów functioned until 1926, the longest of all German-speaking schools in the area of the former Kielce Governorate. The village remained a center for the non-Polonized descendants of the colonists in the area until the 20th century. In addition to Stojewsko , Przeczów and Godów , Antonielów and Skałka Niemiecka also existed as a German- speaking island in the interwar period.
After the end of the First World War , Antonielów came to Poland. In 1921 Antonielów in the municipality of Łopuszno in the Powiat Kielecki had 68 houses with 437 inhabitants, 346 of whom declared themselves as Germans (there were also 348 Evangelicals), after Czarny Las the second largest number in the entire Kielce Voivodeship , there were also 110 Germans and 120 Protestants in Eustachów, 88 Germans and 87 Lutherans in Karolinów, as well as 31 Germans and 49 Protestants in Marjanów, but all Protestants in Ludwików (21) and Łopuszno (12) were of Polish nationality.
During the Second World War it belonged to the Radom district in the Generalgouvernement . On May 11, 1943, 93 Poles, including 23 women and 18 children under the age of 7, were killed by the Wehrmacht in the neighboring village of Skałka Polska with the help of the local armed Germans in revenge for the attack by Gwardia Ludowa on the ethnic Germans in Antonielów ( 18 Germans were shot and 3 farms were burned) killed. In 1944/1945, many Germans fled from the Soviet invasion, the rest were later expelled. The West German public prosecutor's office investigated some of the perpetrators of the massacres, but the proceedings were dropped. The public prosecutor's office in Freiburg im Breisgau indicated that the attack by the Polish participants on Antonielów justified the response of the Germans in Skałka Polska. From 1975 to 1998 Antonielów was part of the Kielce Voivodeship .
literature
- Izabela Bożyk: Osadnictwo niemieckie na terenach wiejskich między Pilicą a Wisłą w latach 1815–1865 . Wydawnictwo MARRON, Kielce – Łódź 2015, ISBN 978-83-64637-80-3 (Polish).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 64–70
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 69–70
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 71
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 191, 195
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 137-139
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 244–245
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 199–200
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 216–217
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 247
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 90
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 204
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 256
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, p. 264
- ↑ I. Bożyk, 2015, pp. 268–269
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom III. Województwo kieleckie . Warszawa 1925, p. [PDF: 43] (Polish, online [PDF]).
- ↑ Wieś kielecka w latach II wojny światowej (Polish)
- ^ Andrzej Jankowski. Wieś polska na ziemiach okupowanych przez Niemcy w czasie II wojny światowej w postępowaniach karnych organów wymiaru sprawiedliwości RFN . "Glaucopis". P. 5, 2009. ISSN 1730-3419 (Polish).
