Asteropeia (genus)

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Asteropeia
Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Asteropeiaceae
Genre : Asteropeia
Scientific name of the  family
Asteropeiaceae
( Szyszyl. ) Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland
Scientific name of the  genus
Asteropeia
Thouars

Asteropeia is the only genus of the family of Asteropeiaceae in the order of caryophyllales (Caryophyllales) within the flowering plant . The areas are only in Madagascar . Most of the species are endangered and Asteropeia amblyocarpa is even critically endangered.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Asteropeia species are evergreen, large trees to creeping shrubs . The bark of young twigs is very dark with intense brown to rust-colored hairs. The Asteropeia species have an ectomycorrhiza .

The alternately arranged, short-stalked leaves are simple with a smooth to wavy edge. There are no stipules.

Inflorescences and flowers

Usually terminal, rarely lateral, more or less branched panicle inflorescences are formed. The inflorescence axes are sometimes brown to rust-colored, hairy downy. The bracts are membranous.

The small to large, hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are five-fold. The five sepals are fused at most at the base and are still preserved on the fruit. The five free petals are white. They usually have two circles with five (a total of nine to fifteen are possible) fertile stamens . The narrow stamens are wider at the bottom and fused together at the base to form a cup-shaped ring or are completely free; those of the inner circle are longer. The pollen grains have three apertures and are colpat or colporat. Three (rarely two) carpels are mostly incomplete dreikammerigen to, Upper permanent ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains two to four, rarely up to six, hanging, anatropic, bitegmic ovules . Either there is a seated, heady, three-lobed scar or there are three free, short, slender styluses .

Fruits and seeds

The capsule fruit, which is mostly dry, or only slightly fleshy in Asteropeia densiflora, is large to small, spherical to ovoid, with a smooth surface and contains only one large seed. The calyx forms a wing on the fruit, on which the stamens are often also present. The diaspore is the fruit including the calyx. The seed contains a lot of endosperm .

Systematics, distribution and endangerment

Previously, this genus was classified with the Theaceae (for example Cronquist 1981) or the family with the Theales (Takhtajan 1997). Morphological and molecular genetic studies have shown that it belongs to the order of the Caryophyllales , within which the closest relatives are the Physenaceae , they are also only native to Madagascar and have similar fruits, for example.

The genus Asteropeia was founded in 1805 by Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars in Histoire des Végétaux Recueillis dans les Isles Australes d'Afrique 51-52, pl. 15 first described. A synonym for Asteropeia Thouars is Rhodoclada Baker (published in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. , 21, 1884, 327). The tribe Asteropeieae in the family of Theaceae Mirb. was set up by Ignaz von Szyszylowicz . They received the rank of family Asteropeiaceae in 1990 from Armen Takhtajan in James Lauritz Reveal & Ruurd Dirk Hoogland : Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Séries 4, Section B, Adansonia , Botanique Phytochimie , 12 (2), 205.

All species with their distribution and endangerment

The family contains only one genus with eight species. Here with their occurrence in Madagascar and the endangerment of the species according to the IUCN Red List :

  • Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. (Syn .: Asteropeia amblyocarpa var. Longifolia H.Perrier , Asteropeia rhopaloides var. Angustata H.Perrier ):
With occurrences at low and medium altitudes in the evergreen rainforest and deciduous dry forest in Antananarivo : Ankazobe, Andranofeno-sud; Antsiranana : Antsatrana, Ankarana Special Reserve, Andilamboay, Ambanilalana, Vavatobe, Antafiambotry, Mananara, Tsaratanana Integral Natural Reserve, Tsihomanaomby massif; Fianarantsoa : Ambatomenaloha, Iremo, Andringitra Integral Natural Reserve; Mahajanga : Antsoa, ​​Ankarafantsika Integral Natural Reserve, Bokorafa, Morocitrana, Analabe; Toamasina : Mahatsara; Toliara : Andohahela Integral Natural Reserve, Apiky, Vohipolaka. Critically Endangered (Critically Endangered)
Occurring in the hard- leaf vegetation of Antananarivo: Mont Ibity, Vozontanin'i Tapia, Marovato, Fiadanana; Antsiranana: Tsaratanana; Fianarantsoa: Ambohimanjaka, Itremo, Andringitra Integral Natural Reserve, Faliarivo, Ambatofinandrahana, Ambatomainty, Col des Tapia, Fiadanana, Ampandrianombilapa, Ambatomenaloha. Near Threatened (low risk)
  • Asteropeia labatii G.E.Schatz, Lowry & A.-E.Wolf (Syn .: Asteropeia micraster var. Angustifolia H.Perrier ):
With occurrence in the hard foliage vegetation of Fianarantsoa: Ambatofinandrahana, Ingaro, Isalo National Parc, Col des Tapia, Itremo, Andringitra Integral Natural Reserve; Toliara: Benenitra, Sakamarekely. Endangered (endangered)
  • Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron) GESchatz, Lowry & A.-E.Wolf (Syn .: Asteropeia amblyocarpa var. Matrambody Capuron ):
With occurrences at low and medium altitudes in the evergreen rainforest in Antsiranana: Masoala Integral Natural Reserve, Ambodisatirana, Ifonty, Toamasina: Mahatsra, Tampolo, Ambila- Lemaintso Forest Station, Betampona Integral Natural Reserve, Ambatovaky Special Reserve, Mahatsara Forest Station, Brickaville. Endangered
With occurrences at medium altitudes in the evergreen rainforest in Toamasina: Ampasimpotsy-Gara Forest Station, Analamazaotra-Périnet Special Reserve, Ambatovy, Zahamena Integral Natural Reserve, Antaniditra, Analamay, Ampitambe, Lakato, Sahamaloto. Vulnerable (endangered)
Occurring in the coastal forest in Fianarantsoa: Vangaindrano, Mahabo; Toamasina: Tampolo Forest Station, Antanambao; Toliara: Mandena Forest Station, Sainte Luce, Ambinanibe, Mandromodromotra, Fortdauphin, Manafiafy. Endangered
With occurrences at low and medium altitudes in the evergreen rainforest and coastal forest in Antsiranana: Ambohitralanana, Nosy-Komba Forest Station, Masoala Integral Natural Reserve, Analamay, Ambohitralalana; Fianarantsoa: Ampasimenaloka, Ampangalana-atsimo, Mananjary, Canal de Pangalanes, Mangatsiotra, Zohakandra-Nord (Tohakandra), Vohitrindry, Misevo, Manampano, Manombo Special Reserve, Mahabo; Mahajanga: Marotandrano, Sahamalaza, Analalava; Toamasina: Ambila-Lemaintso, Ambila-Lemaintso Forest Station, Andilamena, Mananara Biosphere Reserve, Antetezana Forest Station, Anosinkoraka, Analamena, Tampolo Forest Station Forest Station, Mahatsara, Foulpointe, Rombevavy, Tampina, Zahamena Integral Natural Reserve, Tampolo Forest Station Forest Station , Androrangambo, Beanana, Andranokoditra, Bemainty, Mahatsara Forest Station, Andavakimenarana, Vohibola, Zahamena National Parc; Toliara: Sainte Luce, Mandena Forest Station, Fort-Dauphin, Soanierana, Petriky, Atsotso, Manafiafy. Least Concern (not at risk)
With occurrences at low and medium altitudes in the evergreen rainforest in Antananarivo: Anjozorobe; Antsiranana: Manongarivo Special Reserve, Betsomanga, Masiaposa, Anjenabe; Toamasina: Beforona, Analamazaotra-Périnet Special Reserve, Analamay, Ampitsofanafo, Anosibe An'Ala, Zahamena National Parc, Sahamaloto; Toliara: Fort Dauphin. Endangered

swell

  • The family of Asteropeiaceae in APWebsite. (Section systematics and description)
  • Asteropeiaceae at DELTA: L. Watson & MJDallwitz. (Section description)
  • GE Schatz: Asteropeiaceae at A Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar : Online, 2006. (Section description of the genus and information on the species.)
  • GE Schatz, PP Lowry II & A.-E. Wolf: Endemic families of Madagascar, IV. - A synoptic revision of Asteropeia (Asteropeiaceae) , in Adansonia , Sér. 3 21 (2), 1999, pp. 255-268.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Asteropeiaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ Asteropeia amblyocarpa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  3. ↑ Asteropeia densiflora in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  4. ↑ Asteropeia labatii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  5. ↑ Asteropeia matrambody in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  6. ↑ Asteropeia Mcphersonii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  7. ↑ Asteropeia micraster in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  8. ↑ Asteropeia multiflora in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.
  9. ↑ Asteropeia rhopaloides in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Randriantafika, FM, 2004. Retrieved on October 13 of 2009.

Web links