August von Adelburg

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August Abramović Ritter von Adelburg (also August d'Adelburg ; born November 1, 1830 in Pera , Constantinople , † October 20, 1873 in Vienna ) was a violinist and composer. He had German-Hungarian-Croatian roots.

Life

Family and Childhood, 1833-1850

His father was the orientalist, botanist and diplomat Eduard von Abramovicz-Adelburg (1804-1856). He belonged to the old Croatian noble family Abramović . During his service as the first Austrian interpreter at the Hohen Pforte in Constantinople, August von Adelburg was born there. His mother was Countess Helene von Franchini, whose father was the first Russian interpreter as the Imperial Russian State Councilor . She died giving birth. He spent the first nine years in Constantinople, where he learned Greek as his mother tongue. From the age of five he received music lessons, from seven he received his first violin lessons. He received six months of violin lessons and wrote his first sonnets for violin and piano before his father and his family were recalled to Vienna. There he attended the Imperial and Royal Theresian Knight Academy for the next eleven years . In 1849 he left the academy despite very good performance against the plans of his parents who advocated a diplomatic career in order to devote himself entirely to music.

Musical training and first years as a soloist and composer, 1850 to 1859

He now studied violin with Joseph Mayseder and composition with Joachim Johann Hoffmann (1786–1856). In October 1854 he first finished his training and went to Constantinople to deal with family matters. After playing violin in small groups in Vienna, he gave three concerts with orchestra in Constantinople. From here he traveled to Smyrna , where he also gave concerts. He made contacts in Leipzig, but first went to Vienna for two months. At the end of November 1855 he came to Leipzig for the first time. Here he appeared for the first time in public and made his debut in Europe in a matinee on December 16 at 11 a.m. in the Gewandhaus under Julius Rietz . The program included his own compositions, the first movement of the Concert dramatique for violin and orchestra op.65, his violin sonata op. 76 and Le streghe op. 8 by Niccolo Paganini . Both his violin playing and his compositions were recognized by critics as having talent, but still incomplete training was criticized.

On January 1, 1856, he performed again with Le streghe in the grand ducal residence palace in Weimar under the direction of Franz Liszt . On February 7th, he played at the Hradschin in Prague in front of Emperor Ferdinand I with Kapellmeister Jan Nepomuk Škroup . He then traveled to Paris, where he stayed from March 1856. In June he drove back to Prague via Leipzig. His father died on December 14th in Vienna. During his time in Prague a mass composed by him was performed in the Kreuzherrskirche . As a violinist, he only gave samples of his skills in small circles. In March 1857 he went to Leipzig for a concert with a newly composed overture and a symphony that had already been performed in Prague. In the same month the violin studies he edited were introduced as teaching material by violin professor Moritz Mildner (1812–1865) at the Prague Conservatory. His Glad Symphony and his Gypsy Variations were performed at a concert by the Academic Reading Association in Prague . He himself played the solo part. In the following third Conservatory concert in April 1857 his Ouverture romantique was performed. In a letter of April 18, 1857, which he sent from Prague to an unknown recipient, he mentions the performance of his composition Meeresfahrt "for soprano, alto, violin and piano, which we liked very much". After further solo appearances, he left Prague in May 1857 for Constantinople, where he spent the summer. The opinion of the critics that he had to perfect his skills with certified talent was unanimous. In Constantinople he played before Sultan Abdülmecid I , received the Mecidiye Order of the fourth class from him and dedicated the Symphony Fantasia on the Shores of the Bosporus op. 9 to him . In October he stayed in Prague again. There it was performed in a concert in the German reading hall on the shore of the Bosporus. At the beginning of 1858 von Adelburg conducted a performance of his joyful symphony in the theater band's Thursday concerts . In March of that year he stayed in Leipzig and gave a concert on March 6th in the main hall of the bookseller exchange. The overture dramatique , Am Gestade des Bosporus and a romance for violin and piano, composed and performed by himself, were performed . He also played two studies by Charles de Beriot : La dramatique and Le Priére . On May 15 he came to Vienna and later traveled on to Pest, where on July 11 a mass he composed was performed in the inner-city parish church under the direction of the regenschori Franz Bräuer (1839–1871). Also on September 8th, the feast of the birth of Mary , a mass from Adelburg's pen was performed at the same place. After spending the summer in Pest, he returned to Vienna in October. In Vienna, too, a festive mass by Adelburg was performed in the Piarist Church in Josefstadt . In November 1858 the Witzendorf publishing house in Vienna published a sonata for piano and violin and a symphony for large orchestra. G he traveled ay the end of the month again for two weeks after the plague. In Pest he became friends with the piano maker Péter Vendelin, whose daughter Mária he had also married.

Dispute with Liszt about Hungarian music, 1859

In October 1859 he published by Verlag Robert Lampel Scripture reply to the Dr. Franz Liszt in his work “Des Bohemiens et de leur musique en Hongrie”. In it he opposes the thesis that there is no Hungarian national music , only gypsy music . The foreword came from Alexander von Cseke . In Blätter für Musik, Theater und Kunst of October 18, 1859, the author mentioned a personal, unpopular judgment of Liszt about von Adelburg as a possible motivation for creating the book .

The years leading up to the premiere of the opera Zrinyí. 1860 to 1868

In the early summer of 1860 he was on a trip to Venice with his wife. On the return trip they visited the well-sanatorium Sauerbrunn in Graz. In July 1860, the instrument maker Brandl in Pest advertised that famous violinists entrusted him with their instruments while passing through. Among those listed was Miska Hauser and Ole Bull as well as von Adelburg. After staying in Vienna that autumn, he went from Adelburg to Athens for the winter. At the beginning of 1861 the French and Turkish legations held a soiree in his honor in Athens. In May 1861 he gave a concert in Pest again. Towards the end of the year he organized weekly quartet evenings at which he performed his own string quartets with some success. On December 8, 1861, the feast of the Immaculate Conception , a new mass composed by him was premiered in the inner city parish church. It also became public that he was working on an opera, Zrínyí , which was to be performed later that year. On Easter Sunday the mass was performed again under the direction of Franz Bräuer. At the beginning of August 1862 he returned to Leipzig. Here he joined the General German Music Association and published his First Large Quartet for two violins, viola and cello op. 16 with CF Kahnt Musikverlag . A symphony by Adelburgs was performed in Pest in one of the Philharmonic concerts in 1864. In the first concert, Beethoven's Ninth was performed for the first time in Pest . At the end of 1965 he completed the opera Zrínyí and, after a long stay in southern Italy, went to Pest to prepare the opera's premiere. In the last Philharmonic Concert on March 11, 1866, parts of the opera including the overture were performed. In June 1866 he went to Vienna and worked on the completion of the cantata War and Peace. In October 1866, the weekly Aesthetische Rundschau was launched in Vienna . The publisher and editor was Alexander von Cseke, music editor of Pester Lloyd . Von Adelburg is said to have made a significant contribution to the realization of the project. He wrote the foreword to the first edition about his historical-dramatic tone painting Zrínyí. For composing a mass, he received the Knight's Cross of the Guadalupe Order from Maximilian I , the Emperor of Mexico , in October 1866 . Von Adelburg is said to have worked on another opera called Wallenstein during this time . After another stay in Pest, he returned to Vienna at the beginning of January 1867. As part of a concert series organized by Alexander von Cseke every Friday, the Aesthetic Soiree, Adelburg's first major violin sonata was performed in early 1867 . In April it was confirmed that Zrinyi would be performed at the Pest National Theater. In the aesthetic Rundschau that of aristocratic castle self-written libretto was published in advance in May. . It is about the siege of Szigetvár and the fight of the hero Nikolaus Zrínyí and his enthusiastic hosts against the Ottomans. In The Debate of May 7, 1867, however, it is described as a sacrilege , which is too hair-raising not to be pilloried , although opera texts are not subject to high standards . From June to September 1867 von Adelburg stayed with his wife in Ischl . He then traveled back to Leipzig. Here he gave a concert with orchestra in the Gewandhaus on October 27, 1867. In October it became clear that of four opera productions announced for the new season - Don Carlos , Roméo et Juliette and Álmos by Mihály Mosonyi - only Adelburg's Zrinyi remained in the Pest National Theater . In November Gusztáv Fáy (1824–1866) planned again with Don Carlos and Fiesco . The first performance of Zrínyí took place shortly before the end of the season on June 23, 1868.

Time after Zrinyí , last years of life, 1868 to 1873

On his way to Germany he stayed in Vienna again in October 1868. George I the King of Greece commissioned him to compose a Hellenic national anthem. He composed this in 1869 and sent it to Greece that autumn. At the beginning of the following year, the work for choir and orchestra was premiered on Palace Square in Athens. Von Adelburg spent the summer of 1871 with his wife in Ischl again. Towards the end of the year he stayed in Salzburg. During this time he probably worked on the opera Wallenstein and the cantata War and Peace. On May 31, 1873, the New Foreign Gazette in Vienna reported that August von Adelburg had gone mad and was in a hopeless condition in the Döbling insane asylum . He died on October 20, 1873.

Works (selection)

Adelburg wrote over 120 works - some printed, some unprinted. This also includes an unprinted work on oriental music.

Zrinyi

Historical-dramatic sound painting in 5 acts OCLC 707097781

The first performance in Hungarian took place on June 23, 1868 at the Royal Hungarian National Theater in Pest . Kapellmeister Huber was in charge. Miss Pauli (Helene), Károly Kőszeghy (Soliman), Mr. Singer (Zrínyí), Mr. Ellinger (Löring), Bodorfi (Alapi), Kothis (Zrínyí's wife) sang

The libretto, written by August of noble castle itself, was first in May 1867 in the Aesthetic Rundschau reprinted . The literary model is the drama Zriny by Theodor Körner from 1812. Kornél Ábrányi commissioned Adelburg's wife with a Hungarian translation. It was later printed by the Mäntler brothers in Stuttgart . In the foreign paper of June 26th it was spoken of a complete success. The Wiener Zeitung of June 27th wrote of a significant success and praised the wealth of ideas, characteristics and national coloring . New Foreign Journal noted on July 2nd: Everything in this work is designed to make the Hungarian heart beat faster for its historical heroes. Whether an audience of other nationalities would be equally heated for Adelburg's opera is very much the question. By February 1869, Zrínyí had already been performed seven times in the Pest National Theater with great success, and von Adelburg was critically referred to as a renowned composer. The entire criticism, both German and Hungarian, was extremely praiseworthy for the dramatic work. The Brno press called it the pearl of the repertoire. Zrínyí was back on the program of the Pest National Theater in the autumn of 1870. The first performance of the season took place on October 4, 1870 and was the most favorable. Something special was that von Adelburg did not keep the whole opera in a national style, but, since he had experience in the Hungarian and Ottoman music world, used the appropriate local color for each scene.

Content: The first act takes place in a camp of the Turkish Sultan Soliman near Belgrade. It begins with a Janissary choir, song and dance by the gypsies, and the prayer of the muezzin. Soliman contradicts his advisors. Instead of attacking the German camp first, he wants to move to Szigetvár and lay siege to Zrínyís castle. He says goodbye to his harem and leads the army to Szigetvár. In the second act, in a duet between Zrínyí's wife Eva and her daughter Ilona, ​​the daughter confesses to Juranics, a soldier of Zrínyí. Zrínyí wants to send his wife and daughter out of the fortress safely, but both decide to stay with him. Juranics enters and reports that the Turkish army has crossed the Drava and is advancing rapidly. Therefore asks to be able to surprise the enemy. Ilona's reaction reveals her feelings for Juranics to everyone. He asks for Ilona's hand, receives Zrínyí's blessing and leaves the fortress to surprise the Turkish army. In the third act, the Hungarians prepare for the siege. The soldiers draw their courage from a song about women and wine. Under Zrínyí's leadership, they swear to fight to the last drop of blood. After a scene by Ilona that describes her feelings, hopes and fears, the victorious Juranics returns and a love duet develops between the two. In the fourth act, Soliman awaits the news of the victory, but instead the Turkish soldiers who fled the Hungarians arrive at the camp. The Hungarian soldier Alapi was taken prisoner but refuses to betray his comrades. He commits suicide with a scimitar and curses the Turks with his last words. The Grand Vizier leaves the camp to begin peace negotiations. Thereupon the desperate Soliman dies. His odalisks misjudge the situation, think he is asleep and sing sweet melodies to him. In the fifth act, the situation for Zrínyí becomes hopeless. He decides to break out. The Grand Vizier appears and announces that Zrínyí's son has been arrested, but the latter refuses to negotiate. They hoist the black flag of death and set fire to their buildings. Ilona strolls between the powder kegs with a burning candle. Juranics comes to say goodbye. Finally the gate opens and the small group of Hungarian soldiers march against the huge Turkish army. The moment Zrínyí falls with his companions, Ilona sets the powder kegs on fire and the fortress explodes. The transfigured heroes soar to heaven with the smoke.

A performance of this opera had been rejected by the theater in Zagreb ; it also proved to be of little use on the stage. Another opera by Adelburg from around 1860 was apparently never performed.

Orchestral works

  • Aux bords du Bosphore , [ On the shores of the Bosporus , also sounds of the Bosporus ], Symphonie-Fantasiefür large orchestra op. 9. Dedicated to Sultan Abdülmecid I , 1857 I Méditations et Rêveries [Dreamy feelings on the shores of the Bosporus] II Chanson turque (Maneh) [Turkish national chant ] III Tempo primo (Più mosso, quasi Allegretto) Tempo primo (Più mosso, quasi Allegretto) IV Grande marche du Médjidié [March of the Sultan] V Final: lever de la lune et Chant nocturne sur le Bhosphore. [Rise of the Moon and Night Song], The work was recorded by the Prague Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Emre Araci (* 1968) and for the first time in 2005 with Kalan Müzik on the Istanbul To London CD . Emre Aracı published . On April 1, 2008 another publication followed on the CD Euro-Ottomania by Brilliant Classics.
  • Joyful Symphony, performed in Leipzig and Prague
  • Oeverture romantique
  • Wallenstein, overture

Vocal music

  • War and Peace , Cantata, Oratorio
  • measure up
  • Te deum
  • Songs
    • Two songs, op.112
      • No. 1: Thekla's singing: “The oak forest roars” from Friedrich Schiller's Wallenstein
      • No. 2: In the wonderful month of May. Text: Heinrich Heine
    • In silent Night. Text: Dr. A. Morawitz. Nocturno for a bass part, Dr. Heinr. Appropriated to Morawitz. in ien, published by Gustav Leww in 1856

Works for violin and orchestra

  • Violin concerts
    • Concerto dramatique op.65
  • Gypsy variations for violin and orchestra

Chamber music

  • String quartets
    • String quartet in E major op.12 OCLC 206436318
    • String Quartet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 16 First large quartet for two violins, viola and violoncello. First published in 1863 by CF Kahnt in Leipzig OCLC 647739744
    • String Quartet No. 2 in E flat major, Op. 17. Second large quartet for two violins, viola and violoncello. Dedicated to Ferdinand David . I Allegro di molto, risoluto e maestoso II Andante cantabile e doloroso III Allegro sostenuto, ma non troppo. First published in 1863 by CF Kahnt in Leipzig OCLC 163626139
    • String Quartet No. 3 in D major op.18 Third large quartet for two violins, viola and violoncello. First published in 1863 by CF Kahnt in Leipzig
    • String quartet in E flat major op. 97 I Allegro maestoso e risoluto II Andante doloroso III Allegro scherzoso e leggieremente tenuto
    • String quartet in D major op. 98 I Allegro di molto II Adagio maestoso cantabilem III Presto assai
  • String Trios
  • Piano trios
  • Sonatas
    • Great Sonata for Piano and Violin, Op. 7 First published in 1857 by CF Kahnt in Leipzig
    • Violin Sonata op.76.
  • Theme with concertante variations in A major for two violins and harpsichord op. 43 dedicated to Joseph Mayseder.
  • Capriccios and Notturnos for violin and piano
    • Une Soiree aux bords du Bosphore. Fantaisie Nocturne for violin and piano op. 8 I Introduction II Chanson Turque IIII Barcarole, dedicated to the Baroness von Prokesch-Osten

School works

  • L'école de la vélocité [School of speed (fluency)] for violin , 24 Etudes ( pour perfectionner l'agilité des doigts ) op. 2., published by CF Kahnt in Leipzig around 1855 Volume 1 No. 1 to 12:. OCLC 786241060 Volume 2 No. 13 to 24: OCLC 916015387 Hans Sitt edited the work and published it again in 1917 at Kahnt in Leipzig: Daily studies: 24 etudes for violin, to acquire and maintain fluency: Op. 2 OCLC 206421486 Carl Flesch recorded two studies of the work in Volume II of his collection of studies in 1921. . OCLC 1034861610

reception

Adelburg's life is briefly described in Mathias Énard's novel Boussole from 2015, the German translation of which was published in 2016 under the title Compass : He spent his childhood on the Bosporus and then became famous in Budapest with his opera Zrinyi . With this national opera he tried to prove that, contrary to what Liszt claimed, Hungarian music did not go back to the music of the gypsies. “There is something fascinating about the fact that a Levantine, of all people, makes himself the precursor of Hungarian nationalism through his hero, the great hater of the Turks Nikolaus Zrinski , in Hungarian Miklós Zrinyi; it was undoubtedly this deep inner contradiction that drove him insane, such a serious delusion that he was interned and [...] died from it. Adelburg, the first European musician of standing who was born in the Ottoman Empire , ended his life with dementia ”.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Balázs Mikusi: Minerva's Hat and the Emperor's Tailcoat: August Adelburg's Cosmopolitan "National Opera" Zrínyi . In: Studia Musicologica . tape 52 , no. 1/4 . Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest December 2011, p. 65-83 , JSTOR : 43289748 (English).
  2. ^ Wedge: Europe. Keil, 1873, p. 713 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  3. ↑ a b Marijan Bobinac, Theodor Körner in the Croatian Theater , in: Marijan Bobinac, Portraits and Constellations 1. German-Croatian Literature Relations , in: Zagreb Germanistic Contributions 11, 2002, pp. 59-96 ( digitized version )
  4. ^ A b c d Franz Brendel: A. Ritter von Adelburg . In: New magazine for music . CFKahnt, Leipzig December 7, 1855, p. 5 ( onb.ac.at ).
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  6. ↑ Uwe Harten: Adelburg (own Abramović), August Ritter (Freiherr) von. In: http://www.musiklexikon.ac.at . Institute for Art and Music History Research, 2002, accessed on September 25, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Note on a portrait of Mayseder on www.gettyimages.de
  8. ↑ Little newspaper. Leipzig . In: Franz Brendel (ed.): New magazine for music . CF Kahnt, Leipzig, p. 10 ( onb.ac.at ).
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  46. ↑ August Adelburg: Reply to the claim made by D. Franz Liszt in his work: Des Bohémiens et de leur musique en Hongrie "that there is no Hungarian national music" . Robert Lampel, Pest 1859 ( online [accessed September 26, 2019]).
  47. ↑ Kathy D Darrow (Ed.): Nineteenth-century literature criticism. [electronic resource] . Gale, Detroit 2009, pp. 297 (English, online [accessed September 28, 2018]).
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  65. ^ ANNO, Gemeinde-Zeitung: independent political journal, 1865-12-14, page 14. Austrian National Library, accessed on September 26, 2018 .
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  68. ^ David E. Schneider: Bartók, Hungary, and the Renewal of Tradition: Case Studies in the Intersection of Modernity and Nationality . University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles / London 2006, ISBN 978-0-520-93205-0 , pp. 38 (English, google.de [accessed on September 29, 2018]).
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  112. ↑ August aristocratic castle: Oeuv. 9. Aux bords du Bosphore. Symphonie-Fantaisie pour Grand Orchester Comp. et en signe d'hommage tres-respectueusement dediee a SaMajeste Imp., Le Sultan Abd-Ul-Mechid le Victorieux par son tresdevoue serviteur le Chevalier A. d'Adelburg. Score. Edition. AOWitzendorf, Vienne 1860 ( obvsg.at [accessed September 28, 2018]).
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  116. ^ August Adelburg: Op. 112. Two songs. 1. Thekla's song: “The oak forest roars” from Friedrich Schiller's Wallenstein. 2. In the wonderful month of May (Heinrich Heine). (Vocals, piano.) . Wiener Musik-Verlagshaus, Vienna ( obvsg.at [accessed on September 28, 2018]).
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  118. ^ August Adelburg: In a silent night. Poem by dr. A. Morawitz. Nocturno composed for a bass part and his friend Dr. Heinr. Sincerely dedicated to Morawitz. (Vocals, piano.) . Gustav Lewy, Vienna ( obvsg.at [accessed September 28, 2018]).
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  121. ^ August Adelburg: Op. 8. Une Soiree aux bords du Bosphore. Fantaisie Nocturne contenant Introduction Chanson Turque Barcarole. A Son Excellence Mme La Baronne de Prokesch-Osten. Pour violon with accompaniment de piano par le Chevalier A. d'Adelburg. Score, part (s). Edition. Christoph & Kuhe, Prague ( obvsg.at [accessed September 28, 2018]).
  122. ↑ Mathias Énard: Compass. Hanser Berlin, 2016, ISBN 978-3-446-25426-8 ( limited preview in Google book search)
personal data
SURNAME Adelburg, August von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adelburg Abramović, August von; Adelburg, Agost
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Violinist and composer
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Pera , Constantinople
DATE OF DEATH October 20, 1873
Place of death Vienna