Bachgau

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The Bachgau was in the south of the Maingau marked here (around 1000)

Bachgau is a historical region southwest of Aschaffenburg . Like the Rodgau, the Bachgau was part of the Maingau .

history

Prehistory and early history - Roman times

The Bachgau was already settled in prehistoric times. This is proven by finds from the Neolithic to the last century BC, which are exhibited in the museums in Mainz, Darmstadt and Aschaffenburg.

In Roman times, the Bachgau shore and frontier on was Obergermanisch Raetian Limes , which here Main Limes or Nasser Limes was called. There are many testimonies from this period from the forts in Obernburg , Niedernberg and Stockstadt .

Christianization

The church in Nölkheim (Nilkheim) is likely to be the oldest Christian witness. It is mentioned that the Mainz bishop Rigibert consecrated the church, which was built by the priest Adalhuno and dedicated to St. Dionysius of Paris , in the first half of the 8th century.

The father of the former scribe of Charlemagne and son-in-law, Beselel, better known under the name Einhart v. Klingelsporn , received the Bachgau from King Karl as a retirement home and pension. Around 850 the town of Seligenstadt was obviously still part of the Bachgau, because Eginhard expanded the town of Mulinheim, which was also given as a gift, and his Seligenstadt monastery into a cultural center of the early Middle Ages. Thanks to the bones of the two saints Marcellinius and Peter, which Einhard d. J. had brought from Rome to Seligenstadt, Seligenstadt was soon said to have a healing spring that offered protection from diseases such as the plague .

Cent Bachgau

Cent Bachgaw : copper engraving by the Mainz cartographer Nikolaus Person from 1695

In the 12th century the Bachgau, originally probably a royal estate, belonged to the Reichsministeriale von Hagen-Münzenberg . When Reinhard I married Adelheid von Munzenberg (before 1245), daughter of Ulrich I von Hagen-Munzenberg , she brought the Babenhausen and Bachgau offices with her, which were now part of the Hanau rulership . Most of the Bachgau was lost to Hanau: Reinhard I had already had to hand it over to the Archbishop of Mainz in 1278 . After the death of Archbishop Werner von Eppstein , King Rudolf moved into Bachgau at the same time as the Seligenstadt Monastery and handed it over to Ulrich I von Hanau for administration. King Adolf von Nassau awarded the Bachgau to the archbishop again in 1292, probably a compensation transaction for his vote in the election of a king, which Ulrich I obviously ignored. The feud between Ulrich I and the Archbishop of Mainz, Gerhard II von Eppstein - probably in 1298 - seems to have been very violent. Ulrich I was militarily beaten and imprisoned by the archbishop in Bingen . Ulrich I was soon released again, but the Bachgau was largely lost for Hanau. Only the villages of Langstadt , Schlierbach and Schaafheim as well as numerous individual rights in the Bachgau were retained in Hanau.

Since the 14th century the "Cent Bachgau" have included the towns of Stockstatt ( Stockstadt am Main ), Leyder ( Unfortunately ), Nilkheimb ( Nilkheim ), Niedernberg , Großenwallstatt ( Großwallstadt ), Eysenbach ( Eisenbach ), Hausen (behind the sun) (today Wüstung ), Mömblingen ( Mömlingen ), Radheimb ( Radheim ), Mosbach , Wenigenumbstatt ( Wenigumstadt ), Pflaumheimb ( Pflaumheim ), Ringenheimb ( Ringheim ), Ostheimb ( Großostheim ), Dorndill ( Dorndiel ), Obernburg am Main and Hof Neustatt (today as Neustädterhof District of Obernburg ).

The area was probably secured from the 15th century by the Bachgauer Landwehr between Stockstadt and Mömlingen.

Napoleonic period

In 1782 the situation was rearranged; Official bailiffs and higher offices were created in the Vicedomamt Aschaffenburg . So Stockstadt and Leider came to the district of Schweinheim , the other places to the city and district of Obernburg. With the end of the Electorate of Mainz in 1803, the Cent Bachgau was also dissolved.

Division Bavaria - Hesse

Mosbach and Radheim (today districts of Schaafheim), d. H. the western part of the Bachgau came to Bavaria after the Congress of Vienna , but in 1817 through the Hessian-Bavarian exchange of territory to the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt ; Wenigumstadt, Pflaumheim and Mömlingen, d. H. the eastern part, stay with the Crown Bavaria .

today

At present, the Bachgau includes the places Großostheim with the districts Ringheim, Pflaumheim and Wenigumstadt on the Bavarian side and the community Schaafheim with the districts Mosbach and Radheim in Hesse. The center and largest community in Bachgau is the Großostheim market .

Trivia

On July 12, 2009 in Schaafheim a new rose variety u. a. of the members of parliament Patricia Lips in the name Bachgau Rose baptized.

There is the Bachgau Museum in Großostheim .

literature

  • Karl E. Demandt: History of the State of Hesse. 2nd ed., 1980, p. 289.
  • Franziska Haase, I. Ulrich: Mr. von Hanau. 1281-1306. mach. Diss., Münster 1925, p. 19 ff.
  • Günther Hoch: Territorial history of the eastern Dreieich. Diss., 1953, pp. 118 f., Chap. 9d.
  • Günther Hoch: From the history of the Bachgau, in: Aschaffenburger Jahrbuch 3 (1956), pp. 80–90.
  • J. Kittel: Wisdoms from the Bachgau. in: Archive of the historical association for Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg 23 (1875), Würzburg, p. 163 ff.
  • Anette Löffler: The Lords and Counts of Falkenstein (Taunus) = sources and research on Hessian history 99. Darmstadt 1994, vol. 1, p. 222.
  • Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place name book. 1st volume (Starkenburg), Darmstadt, p. 38 f.
  • Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: Antiquities and history of the Bachgau in the old Maingau . Wailandt, Aschaffenburg 1821 ( online in the Google book search).

Individual evidence

  1. Hans Heßler: From the history of the churches of St. Dionysius… 1250 years of Christian Nilkheim s. u. - The stone document on which the date 711/716 is confirmed has been lost.
  2. ^ Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau . In: Knights, Counts and Princes - Secular Dominions in the Hessian Area approx. 900–1806 = Handbook of Hessian History 3 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 63. Marburg 2014. ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , p. 196 -230 (205).
  3. ^ Franziska Haase: Ulrich I., Herr von Hanau 1281–1306. Münster 1924 ( Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , typewritten phil. Dissertation of May 27, 1925).
  4. Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner Antiquities and history of the Bachgau in old Maingau Wailandt'sche Schriften Aschaffenburg 1821 online in the Google book search
  5. Rose bears the name of the Bachgau . op-online.de. July 18, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2011.