Band ceramic find place of Imbshausen and Eboldshausen
The band ceramic site of Imbshausen and Eboldshausen is a Neolithic settlement site in the area of today's BAB 7 between the places Imbshausen and Eboldshausen in the Northeim district . The settlement from around 5200 to 5000 BC Chr. Is assigned to the ceramic band culture , which was the first rural culture from around 5500 BC. Widespread in Central Europe.
location
The site is located east of the Aßberg and south of the Bierberg on a flat knoll at 202 m above sea level. NHN , over which the Autobahn BAB 7 runs today. The finds were made east and west of the autobahn, so that the sites are referred to as Eboldshausen 1 and Imbshausen 53 in the archaeological site system, depending on the community they belong to.
Archaeological research
The first indications of the site were provided by Stone Age dechs , which were found not far from the Aßberg at the beginning of the 20th century. Before the construction of the BAB 7 motorway, the archaeologist Martin Claus carried out a rescue excavation on the motorway route in 1956 . The eight findings recorded in the process suggested a larger ceramic band settlement.
From the end of 2017 to the beginning of 2019, another excavation was carried out on the motorway, which was carried out by an excavation company . It was necessary because of the expansion of the motorway to six lanes. The excavation was ordered by the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation and the Northeim District Archeology , as it is a well-known site that is protected by the Lower Saxony Monument Protection Act . According to the construction consortium Via Niedersachsen , the more than 80 weeks of archaeological work and the resettlement of water bats delayed the expansion of the motorway by a year.
Findings
The excavations were carried out on strips around 20 meters wide on both sides of the motorway. Since the area was limited, the full extent of the settlement area could not be recorded. The entire excavation area covered one hectare . The findings extended over a length of 170 meters on the two excavation strips along the motorway. They broke off on steeper slopes and thinned out at the water-bearing foot of the slope. On the summit, the findings due to soil erosion were partially no longer present. During the excavation work, after the topsoil had been removed in the loess below, settlement residues emerged as dark discoloration. In places they extended to a depth of two meters. During the excavations, 1,100 items were discovered, most of which were well preserved. They were photographed, measured and documented in order to gain knowledge about the lifestyle, diet, economy and religious customs of the people.
Elongated waste pit in the subgrade
Section through a circular garbage pit
Garbage pit in the subgrade
Found burnt clay
Finds
Only a few finds were recovered during the excavations. These include fragments of millstones , stone tools , shoe last wedges , amphibolite axes, and fragments of flint stones . While the flint tools were made on site, devices and blanks made of amphibolite seem to come from more distant areas. The vascular ceramics found do not have any decorated edges, so that dating into the more recent linear ceramics is excluded.
House floor plans
Most of the findings were post pits , which could be used to reconstruct the floor plans of 16 longhouses . The buildings were 8 to 11 meters wide and the narrow side was oriented in the main wind direction. Because of the small excavation section, no building (which at the time was usually 20 to 40 meters long) could be recorded in its full length. On the gable ends, the post houses had a simple row of posts , the posts of which were buried up to a meter deep. On the long side, the house floor plans have a row of double posts on the outside, which were set at a distance of one meter. The inner posts were probably surrounded by wickerwork that was covered with loess clay and formed the inner wall. In some cases, a wall moat was observed on the inner walls . Inside the building there were three longitudinal rows of pillars that supported the roof structure. Individual buildings showed the construction feature of the Y-position in the post position , which is considered a characteristic feature of the early linear ceramics. No evidence of fire places was found; there were only finds of fire clay , which points to burned down buildings.
The building floor plans lay parallel to each other in the manner of a terraced housing estate with distances of 3 to 14 meters. Since the buildings did not all exist at the same time, there was no narrow row development , but rather loose development of parallel buildings. Presumably, after giving up their old house, the residents built a new one right next to it. The useful life of such buildings is estimated at one to two generations or 25 to 50 years.
The long sides of the buildings were flanked by pits accompanying the house, which is typical for linear ceramic buildings. They were used to remove material for house construction. The discovered storage pits were cylindrical in shape and did not contain any grain residues.
Result
The archaeological investigations prove a settlement site of the band ceramic culture from the time around 5200 to 5000 BC. Based on the vessel ceramics, archaeologists date it to the older to middle line ceramics. The site is one of the largest and best preserved ribbon ceramic settlements in southern Lower Saxony . It is related to the land grabbing by the first peasant cultures in the Leinetal and in the adjacent basin landscapes , such as the Moringer and Kalefelder basins.
literature
- Michael Geschwinde , Ines Reese: The Kalefelder Basin: Landscape archeology in the Leine-Bergland in: Archeology | Land | Lower Saxony - 400,000 years of history , 2004, pp. 238–242.
- Sabine Stoffner: Beautiful living on the motorway. The ceramic “row house settlement” from Eboldshausen / Imbshausen In: Archeology in Lower Saxony . 23/2020, pp. 105-109.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Otto Rochna: Prehistoric investigations on federal highways in Lower Saxony in the customer 1957, pp 84-89
- ↑ Planning approval decision for the 6-lane expansion of the BAB A 7, section VAE 2, VKE 2 of the Lower Saxony state authority for road construction and traffic from August 30, 2013 (PDF, 970 kB)
- ↑ Max Brasch: Archaeologists uncover 7,200-year-old settlement remains in the Göttinger Tageblatt of March 5, 2018
- ↑ A7: Bats delay expansion at Northeim at ndr.de from January 15, 2020
- ↑ A7 expansion: Archaeologists find ceramic shards that are over 7000 years old in: HNA from March 3, 2018
- ↑ 7,000 year old finds - directly on the A 7 at ndr.de from April 3, 2018
Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 56.2 " N , 10 ° 1 ′ 12.7" E