Barringerite

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Barringerite
General and classification
other names

IMA 1968-037

chemical formula (Fe, Ni) 2 P
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		elements
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		1.BD.10 ( 8th edition : I / A.11)
01.01.21.01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system hexagonal
Crystal class ; symbol ditrigonal-dipyramidal; 6 m 2
Space group P 6 2 m (No. 189)Template: room group / 189
Lattice parameters a  = 5.87  Å ; c  = 3.46 Å
Formula units Z  = 3
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 7.5 to 8 ( VHN 20 = 1097)
Density (g / cm 3 ) calculated: 6.92
Cleavage not defined
colour gray-white
Line color gray to white
transparency opaque (opaque)
shine Metallic luster

Barringerite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of the "elements (including natural alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, phosphides and silicides)" with the chemical composition (Fe, Ni) 2 P and thus, chemically speaking, an iron - nickel - phosphide with a nickel content of up to 33.9%. The idealized chemical composition that can only be achieved with synthetic material is given as Fe 2 P. The elements indicated in the round brackets can represent each other in the formula ( substitution , diadochie), but are always in the same proportion to the phosphorus content of the mineral. With a proportion of more than 50% to 100% nickel, however, the compound is referred to as the mineral transjordanite (Ni 2 P).

Barringerite crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system , but has so far only been discovered in microcrystalline form.

The mineral is opaque in every form and gray to white in color, but appears more bluish under the reflected light microscope compared to Schreibersite. The surfaces of the crystallites show a metallic sheen .

Barringerite has so far been discovered almost exclusively in meteorites .

Etymology and history

Daniel Moreau Barringer (before 1929)

Barringerite was first discovered in 1968 in one of the meteorite fragments from the meteorite litter field Imilac (also Ollague ), which was found near the place Ollague (also Ollagüe ) in the Bolivian province of Nor Lípez . The mineral was analyzed and described by Peter R. Buseck, who named it after Daniel Moreau Barringer (1860–1929). He had examined the Barringer crater , which was also named after him, and was one of the first to postulate its meteoritic origin.

The type material of the mineral is kept in the Nininger Collection in the Center for Meteorite Research at Arizona State University in Tempe near Phoenix.

classification

Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the barringerite belonged to the mineral class of "elements" and there to the department of "metals and intermetallic alloys (without semimetals)", where it together with allabogdanite , florenskyite , melliniite , Nickel phosphide and scribersite formed the unnamed group I / A.11 .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), classifies the barringerite in the newly defined department of "Metallic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds". This is further subdivided according to the exact type of compound, so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section "Phosphide", where it forms the unnamed group 1.BD.10 together with Monipit (IMA 2007-033) .

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the barringerite to the class and division of the same name of "elements". Here it is together with Schreibersit, Nickelphosphid, Allabogdanit, Melliniit and Monipit in the " Barringeritgruppe, Phosphide " with the system no. 01.01.21 within the sub-section "Elements: Metallic elements other than the platinum group".

Crystal structure

Barringerite crystallizes hexagonally in the space group P 6 2 m (space group no. 189) with the lattice parameters a  = 5.87  Å and c  = 3.46 Å and three formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 189

Education and Locations

Barringerite was found almost exclusively in meteorites , but three terrestrial sites have also been documented (as of 2018). In its type locality , the meteorite fragment Imilac or Ollague or Ollagüe discovered in Bolivia on the border with Chile , the mineral occurs in microcrystalline form as 10 to 15  μm wide and a few hundred μm long bands, consisting of individual grains with less exist than 1 μm in diameter and formed along the interfaces between Schreibersite and Troilit . Kamacite and olivine were added here as additional accompanying minerals .

In the lunar meteorite Yamato 793274 , which was found in 1979 or 1980 in the Queen Fabiola Mountains in Antarctica , barringerite occurred as a single grain in a regolith breccia consisting of a mixture of material from the Maren and highlands of the moon. Plagioclase and natural glasses appeared here as companions .

Other well-known meteorites, where Barringerit could be proven were in 1879 in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos down previous Nogoya , in 1911 or 1912 near the Armenian capital Yerevan Lower gone Erevan (also Yerevan or Yerevan ), who in 1875 near São Francisco do Sul in Brazil found Santa Catharina (also Morro do Rocio ), Tagish Lake , which fell into the frozen lake of the same name in Canada in January 2000 , Mineo which sank in 1826 in the area of ​​the Italian metropolitan city of Catania, Dar Al Gani 319 found in 1997 near the plateau of the same name in central Libya , Jodzie , who died in the Lithuanian district of Panevėžys in 1877 , Dhofar 225 , found in 2001 in the governorate of the same name in the Sultanate of Oman , Boriskino , who died in 1930 in Russian Oblast Orenburg in the Urals , Cold Bokkeveld , who died in 1838 in the Koue Bokkeveld mountains in South Africa's Western Cape province , and Cold Bokkeveld , who died in 1889 in the Ukrainian Obla st Mykolaiv down previous Mighei , in the vicinity of 1891 Barringer crater found in Arizona Canyon Diablo and 1950 near the eponymous town in Kentucky Lower gone Murray .

Barringerit was also found in the "Hatrurim Formation" of the Israeli Negev desert , near Siwaga and on the Transjordan Plateau in the Jordanian governorate of Amman and on the Kaltat river in the Targhasa massif in the Russian region of Krasnoyarsk .

The alleged discovery of barringerite in the oxidation zone of a platinum-containing Cu-Ni sulphide deposit in the Hulusitai coal field in China turned out to be an incorrect translation of the Chinese term for apatite .

See also

literature

  • Peter R. Buseck: Phosphide from meteorites: Barringerite, a new iron-nickel mineral . In: Science . tape 165 , 1969, pp. 169-171 , doi : 10.1126 / science.165.3889.169 .
  • Michael Fleischer : New mineral names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 55 , 1970, pp. 317–323 ( rruff.info [PDF; 531 kB ; accessed on June 21, 2018]).
  • Franz Brandstätter, Christian Koeberl, Gero Kurat: The discovery of iron barringerite in lunar meteorite Y-793274 . In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta . tape 55 , no. 4 , April 1991, pp. 1173-1174 , doi : 10.1016 / 0016-7037 (91) 90170-A .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  49 .
  2. ↑ a b c IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; March 2018 (PDF 1.65 MB)
  3. ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Barringerite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 68  kB ; accessed on June 21, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Meteoritical Bulletin Database - Imilac ( Ollague in the NHM catalog)
  6. ^ Meteoritical Bulletin Database - Yamato 793274
  7. ↑ Mindat - Location Yamato 793274 Lunar meteorite (Y-793274), Queen Fabiola Mts (Yamato Mts), Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land), Eastern Antarctica, Antarctica (English)
  8. ^ Mineral Atlas : Yerevan Meteorite
  9. ↑ a b List of localities for barringerite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat
  10. ↑ Mindat - erroneously report of Barringerite from Hulusitai coal field, China