Mustard

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Mustard
Inflorescence with double flowers of a clove variety (Dianthus barbatus)

Inflorescence with double flowers of a clove variety ( Dianthus barbatus )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Caryophylleae
Genre : Carnations ( Dianthus )
Type : Mustard
Scientific name
Dianthus barbatus
L.

The Sweet William ( Dianthus barbatus ) is a plant from the plant genus of carnations ( Dianthus ) in the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae). The native habitat of the white carnation are the Pyrenees , the Eastern Carpathians , the Balkans , Manchuria , Russia and the People's Republic of China . Varieties bred from this species are used as ornamental plants and sometimes feral.

description

Illustration from Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle ( Dicotyledones panel 10)
inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

The carnation is a bare, biennial to perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 50 (20 to 70) cm. In the first year only a rosette of leaves is formed. In the second year the inflorescences are formed. On the mostly simple, sometimes branched stems, there are opposite, at most short-stalked, simple, dark green, lanceolate leaves that are 5 to 18 millimeters wide.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. In terminal, zymous inflorescences 5 to 30 flowers are close together. In the wild form, the flowers are red on a white background; the colors of crops range from white, pink, red and purple to mixed varieties. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five sepals are fused at the base and about 1.5 to 1.8 cm long. The five petals are nailed and fringed. There are two circles, each with five stamens and two styluses .

The approximately 1 cm long capsule fruit contains many seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Diseases

The Sweet William is the rust fungus Puccinia arenariae with Telien affected.

Systematics

The first publication of Dianthus barbatus was in 1753 by Carl von Linné .

The following subspecies and varieties are distinguished:

  • Dianthus barbatus L. subsp. barbatus : It is originally found in Spain, Andorra, France, Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine and Turkey.
    • Dianthus barbatus L. var. Barbatus : Home is Europe.
    • Dianthus barbatus var. Asiaticus Nakai : The only home in China is eastern and southern Jilin and northern Korea .
  • Dianthus barbatus subsp. compactus (kit.) Heuff. (Syn .: Dianthus compactus Kit. ): It occurs in Poland, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Bulgaria and the Ukraine.
Mustard carnations tied in a bouquet

Common names

Exist or for Bartnelke also passed the other German trivial name : Büschelifriesli ( Bern ), Büschelinägeli (Bern), Buschnägali ( St. Gallen in the Rhine Valley ), Dreuwnägelken ( Pomerania ), Druwnägelk ( Altmark ) Fläschnägeli ( Appenzell ), nice Hans, Nosegigger ( Franconia ), Kartheusernelke ( Thuringia ), Klusternagelk ( Holstein ), Klusternelke ( Weser ), Plusternelke (Northern Germany), tirkesch Nagelbleamen ( Schässburg ), Schuppanägeli (St. Gallen near Sargans ) and Tschuppanägeli (St. Gallen near Werdenberg ).

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Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 369.
  2. ↑ Peter Zwetko: The rust mushrooms Austria. Supplement and host-parasite directory to the 2nd edition of the Catalogus Florae Austriae, III. Part, Book 1, Uredinales. (PDF; 1.8 MB).
  3. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Dianthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ^ A b Dianthus barbatus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  5. ↑ Wir in Bayern, Bayerisches Fernsehen , March 24, 2016.
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 133. ( online ).

Web links

Wiktionary: Bartnelke  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Barite ( Dianthus barbatus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files