Bauerbach (Grabfeld)

Bauerbach Municipality grave field
Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 54 ″  N , 10 ° 23 ′ 26 ″  E
Height :	375 m above sea level NN
Area :	6.04 km²
Residents :	267  (Jun 30, 2015)
Population density :	44 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 2012
Postal code :	98631
Area code :	036945
Location of Bauerbach in Grabfeld
The Evangelical Church in Bauerbach

Bauerbach has been part of the Grabfeld community since January 1, 2012 . The place is south of Meiningen in Thuringia , near the border with Bavaria . Until it was incorporated, the community was part of the Salzbrücke administrative community . This place became known primarily as a refuge for Friedrich Schiller , who was known as “Dr. Ritter ”, found asylum in the former Wolzogschen Gutshof from December 7, 1782 to June 24, 1783 .

geography

Bauerbach is located in the middle of a hilly landscape at the transition from the Rhön to the Grabfeld in the Thuringian part of the Franconia region .

history

Bauerbach was first mentioned in 887. At that time the place was a manorial estate of the Fulda monastery . In 1297 the place was sold to the nobility by the Counts of Henneberg and developed into one of the typical imperial knighthood villages in the area. From 1697 to 1853 the von Wolzüge owned the estate.

Bauerbach was persecuted by witches from 1671 to 1682 : five women and two men got into witch trials . Barbara Katzenberger, an old woman, was beheaded in a witch trial, then burned. Her two grandchildren Hans Valentin Katzenberger (12 years old) and Maria Dorothea Völler (9 years old) were whipped.

The place gained special importance in 1782/1783 when Friedrich Schiller was on the run from Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg on the estate of the Wolzo family for half a year as Dr. Knight found shelter. He had got to know the family through a comrade at the High Karlsschule Military Academy in Stuttgart. His mother, Henriette von Wolzüge , who lived in the manor house in Bauerbach, took a liking to the literary talents of the young Schiller and had already offered him accommodation in the event of danger. During his secret visits to Meiningen, he met the court librarian Wilhelm Reinwald , who provided him with books and later married Schiller's sister Christophine . In Bauerbach he wrote his works Kabale und Liebe and Don Carlos . He also tried to marry the daughter of the house, Charlotte von Wolhaben, which had no chance because of his insecure existence. He left Bauerbach on July 24, 1783.

By the middle of the 19th century, many Jewish families had settled in the village, making up up to a third of the population. They set up a Jewish cemetery on a hill outside the village, which with its 365 tombstones is one of the largest in southern Thuringia. He was desecrated by SA men during the November pogrom in 1938 .

During the National Socialist era , the synagogue at Hauptstrasse 58 escaped destruction because it was " Aryanized " in 1937 and converted into a residential building. The eleven Jewish residents left in 1933 emigrated or became victims of the Nazi extermination policy. During the Second World War , 13 women and men from Poland , Serbia and Ukraine were forced to do forced labor on farms .

In 1959, on Schiller's 200th birthday, the Friedrich Schiller Workers 'and Farmers' Theater was founded, which primarily performs Schiller plays in a natural theater on the outskirts. Since 1990 it has been run by the 130 members of the non-profit association Dorftheater "Friedrich Schiller" Bauerbach e. V. operated and directed by professional directors .

On the occasion of the 230th anniversary of Schiller's arrival in Bauerbach, a “Schiller Club” was founded on December 7, 2012. This was based on the Schiller Association, which had been founded 100 years earlier, but which had lost its importance in 1934 with the acquisition of the Schiller House by the Klassik Stiftung Weimar . Today, this newly founded association aims to preserve and revive Schiller's cultural legacy, which can still be felt in the town today. The association cooperates primarily with the other existing associations in the area and the entire grave field, as well as nationwide with individual localities and foundations.

On January 1, 2012, the community lost its political independence and was incorporated into Grabfeld. The last mayoress was Rosemarie Fickel from the Free Voters .

Population development

Development of the population (December 31) :

1994: 342 1995: 333 1996: 328 1997: 320 1998: 311 1999: 304

2000: 307 2001: 302 2002: 307 2003: 292 2004: 291 2005: 283

2006: 277 2007: 271 2008: 266 2009: 270 2010: 252 2011:?

2012:? 2013:? 2014:? 2015: 267

Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

Before the incorporation, the municipal council consisted of 4 members of the Free Voters' Association Bauerbach and 2 members of the Bauerbach sports community.

Since then, the district council of Bauerbach has consisted of five councilors. The district mayor is Rosemarie Fickel.

Schiller House

Gasthof Zum Braunen Roß

Culture and sights

• In addition to the nature theater already mentioned, there is a Schiller Museum in Bauerbach in the former home of the poet , which is housed in a handsome half-timbered house.
• The Zum Braunen Roß inn was preserved from Schiller's time. The inn was renovated in 1992, and a theater barn was set up next door.
• The Evangelical Church was built from 1839 to 1841 based on designs by AW Döbner . The neo-Gothic hall building with a turret stands on the foundations of a previous building and was renovated in 1997 with the support of the German Foundation for Monument Protection .
• The Jewish cemetery was built in the 17th and 18th centuries. Century.

traffic

Bauerbach is about eight kilometers from the Meiningen Süd motorway exit of the A71 . Bauerbach can also be reached via Henneberg , located on the L3019 state road.

literature

• Gerd Kanke: Friedrich Schiller in the restricted area. Tragic-comic odyssey in search of Schiller's refuge Bauerbach in 1987. Wenzel, Marburg 2000, ISBN 3-88293-135-3 .

Web links

Commons : Bauerbach (Thuringia)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Gabriele and Michael Köhler : Pictures from Bauerbach from 1990. (PDF; 19.1 MB) In: thueringenfotos.de. Jenzig-Verlag, August 21, 1990, accessed on May 9, 2020 . 
• Page about Bauerbach on the website of the municipality of Grabfeld. Retrieved April 30, 2018 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bauer stream in Rhon lexicon.
2. ↑ Kai Lehmann : Innocent. Witch hunt south of the Thuringian Forest. Over 500 researched cases from the 16th and 17th centuries. Wehry-Verlag, Untermaßfeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-9813902-8-5 , p. 40 f .; Kai Lehmann: Exhibition "Luther and the Witches". Bauerbach area, Library Museum Schloss Wilhelmsburg Schmalkalden, 2012; Ronald Füssel: The persecution of witches in the Thuringian area (= publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany. Vol. 2). DOBU-Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-934632-03-3 , pp. 240–244, (at the same time: Marburg, University, dissertation, 2000).
3. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 248.
4. ^ Natural theater "Friedrich Schiller" Bauerbach eV
5. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2012
6. ↑ Entry on Schillerhaus Bauerbach in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved May 9, 2020.
7. ↑ The church on the website of the church district. Retrieved May 9, 2020 . 
8. ^ Ingrid Scheurmann , Katja Hoffmann: Sacral buildings (= preserve cultural heritage, funding projects of the German Foundation for Monument Protection. 1). Monuments, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-935208-10-3 , p. 313.