Bernhardin II of Herberstein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The coat of arms of the Barons von Herberstein in Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book 1605

Bernardine II of Herberstein. Reichsfreiherr to Neuberg and Gutenhag (* 1566 , † 30th July 1624 ) was an Austrian nobleman , Lord of lords Herberstein Reifenstein and Krems, mortgage holders the reigns Lankowitz and Greißenegg Obersterbland- Chamberlain and Erbland- Steward in the Duchy of Carinthia . He was in the special favor of Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, the later Emperor Ferdinand II (* 1587, † 1637) - who appointed him archducal chamberlain, chief stableman and later secret councilor and imperial chief court marshal - and was also appointed by his wife, Maria Anna Duchess of Bavaria , was highly esteemed. He was the closer progenitor of the older main line of Herberstein in the Duchy of Styria .

origin

Bernhardin II. Freiherr von Herberstein came from the Austrian - more precisely Styrian  - prehistoric noble family von Herberstein , namely from the older Styrian main line, which is derived from Georg von Herberstein to Castle Herberstein († 1458) and already in 1531 or 1537 in the baron class was raised. The father of Bernhardin II. Was Georg von Herberstein , Baron of the Reich zu Neuberg a. Gutenhag (* January 28, 1529, † 1586) Treasurer and Hereditary Treasurer in the Duchy of Carinthia, who - despite his commitment to Lutheranism  - was appointed provincial administrator in 1570 by the strict Catholic Archduke Charles II of " Inner Austria " and in 1580 governor of the Duchy of Styria.

Bernhardin's mother was Barbara Schintel von Dromsdorf (* 1530, ⚭ June 30, 1555, † c. 1575), who came from the Silesian duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer . She was a daughter of Bernhard Schintel von Dromsdorf († January 30, 1549) and Katharina Czernohorska von Boskovic († n. 1559) (from the Moravian nobility family of Lords Czernohorsky von Boskowitz ).

Bernardin II had numerous siblings, of which Georg Andreas Freiherr von Herberstein, Privy Councilor and Chamberlain of the Archbishop of Salzburg is noteworthy because he was free from the Reichsfreiin von Lamberg (+ October 28, 1621) through his marriage (May 18, 1586) to Anna Sibylla. , a daughter of Sigismund Baron von Lamberg zu Ortenegg u. Ottenstein (* 1536, † 1616/19) and Siguna Eleonore Fugger Freiin von Kirchberg a. Weissenhorn († 1576) became the progenitor of the Silesian line of Herberstein, which died out in 1729 .

Life

Bernhardin II. Baron von Herberstein succeeded his father in 1586 after the death of his father, since no less than four of his older brothers died prematurely or had been in military service. As a result, he became the lord of the Herberstein family as well as the Reifenstein and Krems lords, lien holder of the Lankowitz lordship in the Voitsberg district in western Styria and Greißenegg (near Voitsberg in the western Styrian hill country). At the same time he also followed the family as hereditary land treasurer and the hereditary land treasurer in the Duchy of Carinthia,

Through his court offices, Herberstein was in close contact with his sovereign, the Archduke of Austria and later Emperor Ferdinand II , who had nominally been the regent of the " Inner Austria " subdivision of the hereditary lands of the House of Austria , the duchies of Styria , Carinthia and Carniola, since 1590 and included the county of Gorizia . In 1596, Archduke Ferdinand II effectively took over the government of Inner Austria, with Herbersteind's participation in the same year the estates in Styria paid homage to him. Herberstein, who - unlike his father - confessed to the Roman Catholic Church , soon succeeded in earning its special trust, whereby he was appointed its chamberlain and chief stableman. He was also held in high esteem by his wife, the Archduchess and later Empress Maria Anna, Duchess of Bavaria .

Herberstein later became a Privy Councilor and since Archduke Ferdinand II had become King of Bohemia in 1617 and King of Hungary in 1618 , he was royal councilor and royal colonel- court marshal , in which capacity he was at the 1619 Frankfurt coronation of Ferdinand II as Roman German Kaiser participated. As a result, he became Imperial Councilor and Imperial Colonel-Court Marshal, whereby as a Privy Council he had the opportunity to influence the politics of his sovereign - both in the Habsburg hereditary lands and in the Holy Roman Empire  . However, it is not known that he had a decisive influence on the political developments at that time outside the countries of "Inner Austria" - for example on the tough policies of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria as King of Bohemia, which ultimately led to the Thirty Years' War . In view of his age - he was now 66 years old - Herberstein resigned his political offices in 1622 and retired to his estates. In the domestic area, he continued the considerable renovations in Herberstein Castle, which his father, Baron Georg “der Breite” had made. So he had the outer moat built over and the work already started by his father on the Florentine court continued. However, this was only completed by his son Johann Maximilian I, which means that the medieval castle was finally redesigned and expanded into a Renaissance residence. Bernhardin II von Herberstein Reichsfreiherr zu Neuberg und Gutenhag died two years after leaving political office on July 30, 1624 and was buried in the Franciscan monastery of Maria Lankowitz .

Marriage and children

Johann Jakob Fugger (1516–1575), father-in-law of Bernhardin II. Freiherr von Herberstein

Bernard II entered into two marriages. His first marriage was Maria Constantia Fugger Freiin von Kirchberg and Weissenhorn (* July 2, 1568, † March 22, 1594) a daughter of Johann Jakob Fugger Freiherrn von Kirchberg and Weissenhorn on Pfirt and Taufkirchen (* December 23, 1516 in Augsburg, † July 14, 1575 in Munich) and the Sidonia von Colaus called Watzler († August 18, 1573) Maria Constantia was a granddaughter of the great merchant Raymund Fugger , who on June 20, 1535 had been made Count of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn.

After the death of his first wife in a second marriage in 1596, Bernhardin II married Countess Margarita di Valmarana, who came from an aristocratic family from Vicenza , whose members often acted as patrons of artists and poets. She was a daughter of Count Leonardo di Valmarana (son of Giovanni Alvise Conte di Valmarana and Isabella di Nogarola) and Elisabetta di Porto, a daughter of Count Giovanni Battista di Porto and Polyxena di Poyana. Margarita's father, Count Leonardo di Valmarana, was one of the admirers of the famous architect of the Italian Renaissance Andrea di Piero della Gondola, known as Palladio (* 1508, † 1580). He had inherited the unfinished Villa Valmarana in Lisiera (part of the municipality of Bolzano Vicentino ) designed by Andrea Palladio and had it completed around 1563 - a little more modestly than planned. Margarita Valmarana spent her childhood, probably her childhood, in this villa of Palladio, although it can be assumed that her husband Bernardino II von Herberstein occasionally visited his bride there and was also inspired by Palladio's art in his plans to expand Herberstein Castle. Today this villa is part of the Unesco World Heritage.

Copper engraving of the Villa Valmarana, Margarita Valmarana's “parental home” from Palladio's work I quattro libri dell'architettura

But the relationship of the Herbersteins in-laws to Palladio goes back even further: Margarita's paternal grandmother, Isabella Nogarola Valmarana, was a highly educated, art-loving lady who opened her house to artists and intellectuals and also to the admirers of Andrea di Piero della Gondola, known as Palladio (* 1508, † 1580) and was one of the patrons of the great humanist and poet Gian Giorgio Trissino (* 1478, † 1550).

Bust of Isabella Nogarola Valmarana, in the salon of the Palazzo in the "piano nobile"

She encouraged her husband, Count Giovanni Alvise Valmarana, to place the order for the new Palazzo Valmarana in Vicenza with Palladio. Since her husband died in 1558, it was Isabella who built the palazzo and in 1565 signed the contract to the construction companies who, from 1566, built the building according to Palladio's plans (today on Corso Fogazzaro). The Capella Valmarana in the crypt of the Church of Santa Corona in Vicenza, where Margarita's grandparents rest, was also built by Palladio.

Palazzo Valmarana, in Vicenza, facade

As a widow, Margarita Freiin von Herberstein was first chief steward of the Archduchess Constanze of Austria (* 1588, † 1631), who as the wife of Sigismund III. Wasa King of Poland (1587–1632) was Queen of Poland from 1605 to 1621. From 1638 she was chief stewardess of Empress Eleonora Gonzaga, widowed by Emperor Ferdinand II .

Children (since 1644: "Reichsgraf (or Reichsgräfin) von Herberstein Freiherr (or Freiin) zu Neuberg and Gutenhag"),

From 1st marriage:

  • Johann Wilhelm Graf von Herberstein, † 1659
  • Maria Renate Countess of Herberstein, ⚭ May 29th, 1589 Karl von Schrattenbach Freiherr zu Heggenberg, Osterwitz and Eppenstein , Vizedom zu Cilli (today Celje in Slovenia ), † February 26, 1612 in Graz ⚭ 2.) 1625 Johann Albrecht Freiherr from Herberstein.

From 2nd marriage:

  • Johann Maximilian (since 1644 Count of Herberstein Baron of Neuburg and Gutenhag (* 1601, † May 19, 1679), the closer progenitor of the older Herberstein line, ⚭ 1.) Eleonore Freiin von Breuner , ⚭ 2.) Susanne Galler von Schwamberg
  • Johann Karl Graf von Herberstein, spiritually as a Benedictine monastery in St. Lambrecht in Styria
  • Johann Ferdinand Graf von Herberstein (* 1605, † January 22, 1673), a pious and learned theologian, became a Jesuit at the age of 20 , Dr. and professor of theology and canon law, rector of the "Große Collegium" ( academic high school ) in Graz
  • Johann Bernhard Count von Herberstein († 1636), Canon of Salzburg and Passau
  • Johann Georg Graf von Herberstein, treasurer and chief silver treasurer of Emperor Ferdinand III. , was a colonel, then a commander in Trieste and finally a court war councilor
  • Maria Elisabeth Countess of Herberstein, † 1651, ⚭ February 22, 1626 in Graz Johann Sigmund Wagen since 1625 Imperial Count of Wagensperg, Lord of Ober-Voitsberg, Greissenegg, Rabenstein, Schwarzenstein u. Wernberg, since June 1, 1602 Freiherr auf Schönstein and Pragwald, since 1619 Landstand and Obersterblandmarschall in Carinthia, since December 2, 1622 Herr auf Saanegg, since September 29, 1625 Imperial Count von Wagensperg, Imperial Privy Councilor and Chamberlain , Provincial Administrator, President of the Court Chamber and governor, (* January 18, 1574, † November 28, 1640)
  • 4 children († young)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Herberstein . In: JS Versch, JG Gruber: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz, 1971, p. 105
  2. ↑ a b Herberstein . In: JS Versch, JG Gruber: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz, 1971, p. 108
  3. ↑ Entry about Herberstein Castle on Burgen-Austria
  4. ↑ For details see Valmarana (famiglia) in the Italian language Wikipedia
  5. ^ Siebmacher Lower Austria 2nd volume, p. 87
personal data
SURNAME Herberstein, Bernhardin II. Von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Herberstein, Bernhard Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Governor of the Duchy of Styria, Baron of Neuberg and Gutenhag
DATE OF BIRTH 1566
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1624