Population of Yugoslavia

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Population development

The article Population of Yugoslavia mainly contains data on the population statistics of the State of Yugoslavia from 1918 to 1992.

In the tables, "-" means that no data are known, "*" means that the category was not recorded in the respective year. Please only change and add data with reference to the source!

By republics and provinces

Population of Yugoslavia by republics and provinces (in thousands)
year 1921 1953 1981 1991
Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) .svg/ Yugoslavia as a whole Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992) .svg 12,545 16,397 22,424 23,528
Flag of Slovenia (1945–1991) .svg Socialist Republic of Slovenia 1,298 1,504 1,887 1.963
Flag of Croatia (1947–1990) .svg Socialist Republic of Croatia 3,427 3,936 4,582 4,760
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1946–1992) .svg Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,890 2,847 4.128 4,365
Flag of Montenegro (1946–1993) .svg Socialist Republic of Montenegro 311 420 585 615
Flag of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1963-1991) .svg Socialist Republic of Macedonia 809 1,305 1.921 2,034
Flag of Serbia (1947–1992) .svg Socialist Republic of Serbia (excluding autonomous provinces) 2,843 4,464 5,673 5,824
Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo 439 816 1,595 1,955
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina 1,537 1,700 2,029 2.013

The names of the republics correspond to the status from 1963 to 1990/1991. In 1921 Yugoslavia was not yet divided into republics and provinces, the data are back calculations based on the data of the individual municipalities.

Biggest cities

According to the 1991 census, there were 19 cities in Yugoslavia with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The population of these cities has developed as follows:

Population of the largest cities in Yugoslavia (in thousands)
city 1921 1953 1981 1991
Belgrade 111.7 470.2 1,145.0 1,168.0
Zagreb 108.3 350.8 768.7 933.9
Skopje 41.1 119.0 405.9 -
Sarajevo 60.1 111.7 - 415.6
Ljubljana 53.3 111.2 - -
Split 25.0 61.2 169.3 189.4
Novi Sad 39.2 83.2 169.8 179.6
Niš 25.1 60.7 161.0 175.4
Rijeka * 75.3 158.3 168.0
Kragujevac 15.7 40.6 87.0 147.3
Zenica 7.6 22.6 - 145.6
Banja Luka 18.0 30.4 123.8 142.6
Tuzla 14.2 25.0 65.0 131.9
Mostar 18.2 25.9 - 126.1
Titograd 8.7 13.6 95.8 117.8
Pristina 14.3 24.1 69.5 108.1
Maribor 30.6 70.8 104.7 -
Osijek 34.4 57.4 104.2 104.8
Subotica 101.9 59.8 100.2 100.4

In addition to demographic changes, suburbs are also responsible for the changes in the number of inhabitants. Rijeka (Fiume) was still part of Italy in 1921.

According to ethnicity

Population of Yugoslavia by ethnicity (in%)
year 1921 1953 1981 1991
population approx. 12,545,000 16,396,573 22,424,411 23,528,230
Serbs - 41.72 36.30 36.24
Croatians - 23.47 19.75 -
Slavic Muslims - 5.90 8.92 -
Slovenes 8.13 8.78 7.82 -
Albanians 3.50 4.45 7.72 -
Macedonians - 5.27 5.97 -
Yugoslavs * * 5.44 -
Montenegrins - 2.75 2.58 -
Magyars 3.73 2.97 1.90 -
Roma - - 0.66 -
Turks 1.20 1.53 0.45 -
Slovaks - 0.50 0.36 -
Romanians 1.83 0.36 0.25 -
Bulgarians - 0.36 0.16 -
Wallachians - - 0.14 -
Russians 0.20 0.22 0.10 -
Czechs - 0.20 0.07 -
Italian 0.09 0.21 0.07 -
German 4.22 0.36 - -

The Egyptians (Ashkali) , who were probably counted among Roma, are not yet taken into account in the censuses . Muslims have only been included in the censuses since 1971; data from before that are apparently retrospective estimates. Yugoslavs were not included in the censuses until 1961.

According to religion

In the 1970s, the population of Yugoslavia was divided into the following religious affiliations: Serbian Orthodox and Macedonian Orthodox 41.5%, Catholic 31.8%, non-denominational 12.3%, Muslim 12.3%, Protestant 1.0%, Jewish 0.03%.

other data

Illiteracy

The illiteracy rate was given in 1981 as 4.5% of men and 16.1% of women (10.4% of the population in total) over the age of 15 years. Of illiteracy affected almost all people who were old at the time of the survey over 45 years, the primary school was so before the end of World War II.

Jewish population

Figures on Jews living in Yugoslavia are available from the 1931 census, which determined on the one hand nationality or mother tongue and on the other hand religious affiliation. The 68,405 members of the Jewish religion made up 0.5% of the total population of Yugoslavia. 39,010 (0.28%) were Jewish- Askenasian , 26,168 (0.19%) Jewish- Sephardic and 3,227 (0.02%) Jewish- Orthodox . As in most European countries at the time, many Jews in Yugoslavia saw themselves as different from their Christian neighbors only in a religious sense, but not in an ethnic sense. Of the 68,405 members of the Jewish religion, only 26.3% stated “Jew” as their nationality / mother tongue, 39.3% stated “Serbo-Croat”, 16.3% “Hungarian” and 14.7% “German”. A few people stated “Jew” as their nationality but a Christian religion.

Most of the Jews of Yugoslavia lived in Croatia at that time. The Croatian capital Zagreb was home to the largest Jewish community in Yugoslavia with 15,700 Jewish residents.

swell

  1. on 1921 and 1953: Vladimir Stipetić, A Century in the Numerical Development of the Population of Yugoslavia , in: Sozialistische theory und Praxis , Issue 2/1975, pp. 59–82 (especially p. 60); on 1981: Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism, p. 21; on 1991: Statistički Bilten No. 1934 (1992)
  2. For 1921: Brockhaus 15th ed .; For 1953: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 1st edition, volume 4, p. 599; For 1981: Brockhaus 19th edition (there are incorrect information in the table in the article "Yugoslavia" for Belgrade, Zagreb, Sarajevo and Ljubljana due to the inclusion of the agglomerations); For 1991: Brockhaus 20th ed.
  3. For 1953 and 1981: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 2nd edition, Volume 6, p. 231, Roma and Wallachen 1981 after Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism, p. 20. For 1921: Eastern Europe Handbook - Yugoslavia, ed. v. W. Markert, 1954, p. 16. For 1953: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Ed.): Yugoslawien (= Südosteuropa-Handbuch Volume 1). Göttingen 1975, p. 331. For 1991: total number and Serbs calculated from Statistički Bilten No. 1934 (1992)
  4. cf. Fischer Welt-Almanach 1974, p. 102; Albert Rauch : Churches and religious communities , in: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Ed.): Yugoslavia . Göttingen 1975, pp. 345-359.
  5. cf. Statistics from abroad, country report Yugoslavia 1990, p. 28
  6. cf. Eastern Europe Handbook, Vol. 1 Yugoslavia, ed. v. W. Markert, 1954, p. 17 (Table 4); S. Džaja, The Political Reality of Yugoslavism (1918-1991) , 2002 ( ISBN 3-486-56659-8 ), p. 43