Pristina
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Prishtina / Prishtina 1 Pristina / Приштина 2 |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Kosovo 3
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| District : | Pristina | ||||
| Municipality : | Pristina | ||||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 40 ' N , 21 ° 10' E | ||||
| Height : | 595 m above sea level A. | ||||
| Residents : | 145,149 (2011) | ||||
| Telephone code : | +383 (0) 38 | ||||
| Postal code : | 10,000 | ||||
| License plate : | 01 | ||||
| Others | |||||
| City Festival : | Liberation Day (June 11th) | ||||
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1 Albanian (indefinite / definite form) , 2 Serbian (Latin / Cyrillic spelling) 3 Kosovo's independence is controversial. Serbia continues to regard the country as a Serbian province. |
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Pristina [ pɾiʃtiːna ] ( Albanian Prishtina or Prishtinë ; Serbian Приштина Priština ; German also outdated Prishtina ) is the capital of Kosovo and, with over 145,000 inhabitants, the largest city in the country.
Pristina is the seat of government and thus the political center of the country. The city is home to the seat of government , the seat of parliament and the official seat of the president . The headquarters of the UNMIK and OSCE missions in the country are also located here. Located in the center of the blackbird field , Pristina is also a traffic junction as well as the economic and cultural center of the Republic of Kosovo.
The municipality of Pristina , which has a population of almost 200,000, includes 41 surrounding villages in addition to the urban area. Pristina is also the capital of a district .
geography
Pristina is located east of central Kosovo in the historical Amselfeld landscape ( Albanian Rrafsh i Kosovës , Serbian Косово Поље Kosovo Polje ) at 595 m above sea level. A. The city is surrounded by the fertile plains of this region, only in the east do the hills of the Zhegoc ( Žegovac in Serbian ) rise . There are no more rivers in the city. The rivers, the Pristina and the Vellusha , which existed until the 1950s , were largely covered by garbage and soil and disappeared from the cityscape. The two once emptied into the Sitnica , which flows west of the urban area to the northwest. To the south-east of Pristina in the Zhegoc Mountains is Lake Badovac , a reservoir about 5.5 kilometers long.
Community structure
climate
Pristina has a temperate continental climate with an average annual temperature of 10.4 ° C and an annual total rainfall of almost 600 mm. In July the average temperature is 20 ° C, in January it is −0.6 ° C.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Pristina
Source: World Meteorological Organization The climatological data are based on the monthly averages from 1961 to 1990
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history
Antiquity
Ulpiana , which is located near today's monastery Gračanica, near today's Lipjan , was founded as one of the nine cities of Upper Moesia in the time from Domitian to Mark Aurel . It developed from an imperial domain that was located near mines that existed there. The name can be found in Greek authors as Oulpianón, Oulpiána or Oulpianá in different spellings, but in Latin it is Ulpiana throughout. The name clearly proves that the city was created under Traian (Ulpis Traianus). The city had the shape of a trapezoid with a side length of 500 m. In the 4th century it received a city wall approx. 3 m thick, which was reinforced by semicircular towers about 30 m apart. About 400 m from the east wall, a square fort with side and corner towers was discovered, which served as a warehouse in the legio Pseudocomitatensis Ulpianensis mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum .
As in all new towns in Upper Moesia , the population originally consisted of immigrants from Italy and the western provinces of the empire. On the basis of epigraphic evidence, the origin of the inhabitants of the Municipium Ulpiana was established as consisting mainly of veterans. It was not until the end of the 2nd century that Romanized locals also began to appear. Numerous foreigners are attested by inscriptions, but locals cannot have been particularly numerous due to inscriptions that are rarely found. The indigenous names - the only indication that they were members of the long-established population - quickly disappeared, even in the next generation, as soon as they received Roman citizenship. So wore z. B. Aurelius Stilo Babonius and his wife Ziza Merula have native names, while their son appears on the same inscription with the Roman name Aurelius Aquilinus. Late antique writers refer to Ulpiana as a military camp and a bishopric. Located on the Roman road from Shkodra via Lezha to Niš (Naissus), it became a bishopric belonging to the Metropolis Scupi . After the 4th century there is little information about the future of the city. They are also scattered in the sources, making it difficult to reconstruct the events. In the 5th century it was conquered by the Goths - in AD 472 the Gothic prince Thiudimer sent his son Theodoric with his companions Astat and Invilia and 3000 people from Naissus to Ulpiana for this purpose.
After Ulpiana was destroyed during the Great Migration in Late Antiquity, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I rebuilt it as Iustiniana Secunda . The old Roman name of the city was changed to - Lipiana , Lipenion . The Serbs adopted the name as Lipljan. The last testimony to the city of Ulpiana comes from the year 1020 in the time of Emperor Basil II.
middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, Pristina, which emerged as a village settlement north of Ulpianas, was settled by Serbian tribes during the conquest of the Slavs in the Balkans and, after the conquest of the blackbird field under the Nemanjids, developed into one of the centers of medieval Serbian culture. The trade routes from Belgrade and the Sava to the south and from Croatia and Bosnia to the coast of the Adriatic Sea ran through Pristina. In the founding document of King Stefan Uroš II. Milutin to the Banjska Monastery in 1315/16 ( Svetostefanska hrisovulja ), the road connection on the Blackbird Field is referred to as Prištinski put (Pristine Street). Pristina also served under the rule of Stefan Uroš II Milutin (1282-1321) and his successors as one of the residences of the Serbian monarchs, in which the respective diets were held alternately. At the same time, the nearby Gračanica Monastery was re-established as the bishopric of Lipljan and Milutin's first planned monarchical resting place.
In the middle of the 14th century, Pristina was an unpaved area with a rural character and housed the castle of the Serbian kings and emperors. At the beginning of the 14th century it was still on the border between the Nemanjiden and the Byzantine Empire . Under Stefan Dušan the Graecization of the Serbian throne and society increased, which was also reflected in the interference in the Byzantine civil war . The Byzantine Emperor Kantakuzenos, favored by Stefan Dušan, was received with great honors by the Serbian royal couple in Pristina in July 1342. As a result of Stefan Dušan's coronation as emperor in 1349, the city was formally subordinated to Dušan's co-regent Stefan Uroš V. The southern parts of the Serbian Empire fell to the Mrnjavčevići after Dušan's death in 1355 . Pristina, however, remained in the territory of Tsar Uroš V. In Pristina, Uroš wrote a charter on March 11, 1365 to the sons of the Sebastokrator from Ohrid Mladen Branković - Grugur and Vuk , whose origins and feudal areas were in the Drenica, which these by foundation large Metohi (monastery territories ) in the Drenica and near Srbica to the primate monastery of the Serbian Church Hilandar as the authoritative ktetor (founder) of the monastery. The Battle of the Marica following 1371, Pristina became the property of Lazar Hrebeljanović, who is also the nearby large mining center Novo Brdo controlled and his birthplace Pripec as tighter original Feudalgebiet. After Lazar had married his eldest daughter Mara to Vuk Branković in 1370 or 1371, he also handed over Pristina to his son-in-law, where he established the center of his feudal rule. In Pristina Vuk had his office, which appeared with the Republic of Ragusa and the Hilandar Monastery in mutual correspondence and contracts in symbolic succession of the imperial tradition of the Nemanjids. Vuk secured significant influence on the Serbian Orthodox Church through his position as Ktetor of the Hilandar Monastery . In which he edited Hilandar- gold bull he had wide lands around Pristina as Metohi to the monastery brotherhood.
Vuk Branković concluded a separate contract with the Dubrovnik merchants in Pristina in 1387 and issued a document regulating the status of Dubrovnik merchants in the city. The Dubrovnik Marko Zvizdić donated money in his will in the same year for the completion of the work on the St. Mary's Church in Priština. This source reference to a Catholic church indicates a larger population of Dubrovnik merchants in the city before the battle of the Amselfeld.
After Pristina, as Vuks' seat of power, was threatened as early as 1387 by a large Ottoman armed force personally led by Murat I, after intensive preparation on June 28, 1389, the historic battle on the Amselfeld broke out between the two dominant principalities of Serbia and a Bosnian armed force King on the one hand and the Ottomans and their vassals on the other, and as a result of which a permanent presence of the Ottomans and subsequently the formative effect on the further course of the historical development of the entire Balkan Peninsula was initiated. After Vuk Branković had to admit the acceptance of the peace treaty with Bayezid I and the acceptance of the suzerainty of the Sultan in the charter of 1392 to the Hilandar Monastery, the Ottomans set up military garrisons, timars and customs posts on the territory of the Brankovići in Zvečan and Jelača . First of all, they formed even smaller oases within the principality, which were monitored over the Sanđak-Beg in Skopje (since 1392) with the intention of further territorial conquest. After Prince Lazar I died in the battle on the Amselfeld, his body was laid out in Pristina until 1392, but at the request of Princess Milica at Bayezid I, he was allowed to go to the actual tomb in a solemn procession and subsequent canonization from Pristina be transferred to the Ravanica monastery.
Sultan Bayezid I, after Vuk Branković continued to behave insubordinately, annexed Pristina and its entire principality until the end of 1395; his wife Mara emigrated to Dubrovnik with the entire family fortune. However, in view of the advance of the Mongols under Timur in 1402, Beyazid I was no longer able to effectively integrate the possessions of the Brankovići and Pristina into the Ottoman administration and had to leave them to the rival principality of the Lazarevići, as he was also on the financial and military side in the campaign against Timur Support from Stefan Lazarević was dependent.
Under Stefan Lazarević, after the devastating defeat of the Ottomans at Ankara, mining and trade flourished . This brought the despotate a short-term significant cultural and economic upswing as well as a respite before the Ottomans' renewed policy of conquest. At the same time, Pristina rose to become the second most important trading colony in the Republic of Ragusa after Srebrenica . It soon overtook Trepča as a trading center and was the primary trading center in Kosovo, where the largest number of Ragus law firms existed. Between 1414 and 1453 there was a Ragus district in the city, in which handicrafts then shaped the cityscape: bakers, carpenters, weavers, tailors and especially goldsmiths. There were also Turkish traders and various officials in the city.
Through capital-intensive investments in the mining operation, a proto-capitalist economy in which the mining towns and mountain men on the German model their own statutes received, money lending and were -zins introduced and cities a new urban type in the established for the first time in the form trg in the context of a European urban economy and moving urban jurisdiction. This period of general socio-cultural awakening ended after the new conquest of Novo Brdo and Pristina on June 1, 1455 by Mehmed II and the last Serbian residence city of Smederevo in 1459 with the annexation of all remaining Serbian feudal areas by the Ottomans . This changed the economic foundation of society in particular, in which the centralized Ottoman state feudalism replaced the noble feudalism of the Christian empire and formerly private feudal property fell entirely to the Ottoman state. Together with the population losses in the Christian Serbian communities caused by looting and displacement, this led to a long-lasting economic recession in the trading cities that had become rich in the silver trade.
Early Ottoman period
During the Ottoman period, Islam spread in the city . It was influenced by Sunni and largely supplanted Christianity ; while the Serbs remained Orthodox , most of the Albanians converted to the new religion. However, a minority of them stayed with the old faith, the Roman Catholic Church .
During the Ottoman period, Priština ( Turkish Priştine ) experienced a new boom in trade and culture. Numerous mosques , hammams , caravanserais and tekken were built . The infrastructure has also been improved. Roads were built or renewed and many bridges were built at this time. This is how the first mosque was built in the late 14th century when the Ottoman Empire also conquered Pristina in the course of conquering the Balkans.
The Ottoman writer and traveler Evliya Çelebi (1611–1683) tells of the city in his 1662 travel book ( Seyahatnâme ). According to him once was a fortress of the Serbian king Milutin built and in 1389 during a siege by the Ottomans, led by Sultan Murad I was destroyed. With the help of archaeologists, this fortress has been located between the current clock tower and the National Theater over the past few decades. Çelebi was impressed by the city's magnificent gardens and vineyards. At that time the city belonged to the Sanjak Vushtrri and comprised about 2000 families. The economic life of the city was dominated by the guild system (so-called Esnafs ), whereby the tanners and bakers controlled prices, limited unfair trade and acted as banks for their members. During the Austro-Turkish war in the late 18th century, the citizens of Pristina, under the leadership of the Albanian Catholic priest Pjetër Bogdani, declared their loyalty to the Austrian army and supported them in the fight against the Ottoman Empire.
Late Ottoman period
In the 19th century the power of the Ottoman Empire slowly waned in the Balkans and thus also in Kosovo. The sultanate finally broke up on its many peoples, who with their nationalist movements demanded autonomy or even independence from the Ottomans. In Kosovo these were the Serbs and Albanians. Bloody conflicts arose between these two peoples because of the overlap of their residential areas.
For the first time, the Albanians expressed their resistance to the Ottoman Empire in an uprising in 1844. They protested against the excessive taxes imposed on them and the policy of centralization. After the uprising was crushed, many Albanian residents of Pristina were imprisoned or exiled to Asia Minor .
The year 1874 marked a turning point for the city. In the same year the train service between Thessaloniki and Mitrovica begins and the seat of the Vilâyet Prizren was relocated to Pristina. At the end of the 19th century Pristina belonged to the Ottoman Vilâyet Kosovo , since 1877 it was the seat of the regional administration of its own sanjak . Meyers Konversations-Lexikon from 1888 described the city as the "main arsenal of the western Balkan peninsula" on the Saloniki - Mitrovica railway line . It is the seat of a Greek Orthodox bishop, has 13 mosques, a bazaar, baths and around 8,000 residents.
Pristina and the surrounding region are of great importance for Albanian history. They were one of the centers of the Albanian resistance against the Ottoman Sultanate and led to the emergence of the literary era of the Rilindja (in German "rebirth / renaissance"). Envoys from Pristina were involved in the establishment of the League of Prizren , which tried to coordinate the resistance and the independence of the Albanians. This even controlled the administration of Vilayets Kosovo in Üsküp for a short time .
20th century
In January 1912 the city was liberated by Albanian rebels led by Hasan Bej Prishtina , thus bringing about the end of the more than 450-year Ottoman rule. But in August it came back into Ottoman hands. Serbian troops attacked the city on October 22, 1912. According to reports from the Albanian Archbishop of Skopje, Lazër Mjeda , the Albanians, led by Ottoman officers, abused the parliamentary flag during the conquest of the city , killing numerous Serb officers and many soldiers. As an act of revenge, the Serbian soldiers allegedly carried out a massacre of an estimated 5,000 Albanians in the city in the following days.
During the First World War , the city was occupied by Bulgaria in 1915. Then from 1915 to 1918 by Austro-Hungarian troops, after which it fell to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .
During the Second World War , Pristina was subordinated to the Italian occupation and was added to the Greater Albanian vassal state. In 1943 the German Wehrmacht followed as an occupier. In 1944 Yugoslav partisans conquered the city, which was then incorporated into the Yugoslav state (as part of the Republic of Serbia ). In 1974, after a decree of the Yugoslav government, Pristina received the status of the provincial capital of the newly founded Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo within Serbia . It lost this status after 15 years and was the scene of many bloody demonstrations and protests by students demanding freedom and autonomy.
population
Pristina is the most populous city in the country and, according to the 2011 census, has 145,149 inhabitants in the urban area. Of these, 141,307 (97.35%) described themselves as Albanians , 2052 (1.41%) as Turks , 597 (0.41%) as Roma , Ashkali or Balkan Egyptians , 366 (0.25%) as Bosniaks , 204 (0.14%) as Gorans and 92 (0.06%) as Serbs . 281 people belonged to other ethnic groups, 73 gave no answer about the ethnic group and no data on this are available for 177.
The religion with the most followers is Islam . 140,786 people (96.99%) counted themselves as Muslims in 2011 . The largest religious minority are Catholics with 985 people (0.68%).
Of the population over 15 years of age, 51.25% are employed. Of these, 27.67% are unemployed.
| census | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2011 |
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| Residents | 19,631 | 24,081 | 38,593 | 69,514 | 108.083 | 155,499 | 145.149 |
politics
After the local elections in 2013, Lëvizja Vetëvendosje! Removed the position of the local government building party from the LDK after 14 years.
legislative branch
The parliament of the large municipality consists of 51 members and has been composed of mandates from the following parties since the 2013 elections:
- 18 LDK ( Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës )
- 10 LVV ( Lëvizja Vetëvendosje! )
- 8 PDK ( Partia Demokratike e Kosovës )
- 4 AKR ( Aleanca Kosova e Re )
- 3 AAK ( Aleanca për Ardhmërinë e Kosovës )
- 2 PDSh ( Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë )
- 2 LB ( Lëvizja për Bashkim )
- 1 KDTP ( Kosova Demokratie Türk Partisi )
- 1 PF ( Partia e Fortë )
- 1 SL ( Srpska Lista )
- 1 Independent
executive
Isa Mustafa (LDK) has been mayor of the city since 2002 . He was re-elected in 2007 and 2009. Shpend Ahmeti (LVV) was elected mayor in the 2013 local elections.
Judiciary
In addition to the capital, the judicial district of Pristina also includes the neighboring municipalities of Drenas , Gračanica , Lipjan , Podujeva , Fushë Kosova and Obiliq . The basic court of this district is based in the capital and consists of 58 judges. The 34-member court of appeal and the 27-member public prosecutor of Pristina are also responsible for this zone.
Not only regionally, but also nationally, the city plays an important role in the country's judicial system. The 27-member Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo are based in the capital.
Town twinning
Pristina lists the following six twin cities :
| city | country |
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| Tirana |
 Tirana Qark, Albania
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| Ankara |
 Ankara, Turkey
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| Durrës |
Durrës Qark, Albania
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| Karachi |
 Pakistan
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| Podgorica |
 Montenegro
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| Namur |
 Walloon Region, Belgium
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Culture and sights
Buildings
The city was heavily modernized during the Yugoslav era, so many old buildings disappeared. During the Kosovo war , a number of architectural monuments were also badly damaged or destroyed. Nevertheless, there are still some interesting buildings today, mostly from the Ottoman era. Some buildings could not be completed due to the war, such as the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Christ the Savior .
Great hammam
The building is located northwest of the Sultan Mehmet II al-Fātih Mosque. It was built at the end of the 15th century. The square between the mosque and the bathhouse is a meeting place for older residents in spring and summer. The building is one of the few surviving examples of Ottoman bathhouses ( hammam ) in Kosovo. According to UNESCO , it is in a very neglected condition and the initial costs for a renovation are estimated at around half a million euros.
Mother Teresa Cathedral
A large Roman Catholic cathedral is currently under construction in the Kosovar capital . It is supposed to be the new church of the Catholics in Pristina. In addition to the cathedral, a bishop's house, a primary school, a nurses' home, a kindergarten, a meeting center, a library and a theater are to be built. The project is financed by the Roman Catholic Church of Kosovo and the City of Pristina.
Llap mosque
The mosque, built in 1470, is located outside of the city center and is one of the oldest architectural monuments. It consists of a vestibule and a six-meter-square prayer room with a stone mihrāb and a stone minbar with a stalactite-shaped roof. The lower part of the minaret is made of ashlar and the upper part is made of bricks. The mosque was largely destroyed by arson in the Kosovo war in 1999 ; has been renovated today.
Great mosque
The Sultan Mehmet II al-Fātih Mosque was built in 1460 by Sultan Mehmet II in the early Constantinople style, seven years after the fall of Constantinople and nine years before he built his mosque in the city renamed Istanbul . It is located in the historic old town and is one of the city's oldest architectural monuments.
More mosques
The Jashar Pascha Mosque and the Çarshi Mosque are among the most important and oldest Islamic sacred buildings in the city.
clock tower
The clock tower was built in the 19th century and is located near the Jasār Pasha Mosque.
Skanderbeg square
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The Sheshi Skënderbeu is right on Mother Teresa Boulevard in the city center, the main square of Pristina. The parliament of the Republic of Kosovo, some ministries, a fountain, the Theater of Kosovo, a United Colors of Benetton branch, the Banka Ekonomike and the Swiss Diamond Hotel Prishtina are located on it.
Cultural institutions
Pristina is the cultural center of Kosovo. Here you will find the National Theater , the Youth Palace (Congress Center), the National Library founded in 1944 , the Hivzi Sylejmani Library founded in 1945 , the Museum of Kosovo and other institutions that are of great importance for the country.
Events
The PriFilmFest , the most important film festival in the country, has been taking place in the capital since 2009 . Most of the elections for Miss Kosovo also take place here.
media
Pristina is the media center of Kosovo. This is where the only public broadcaster - Radio Televizioni i Kosovës (RTK for short) - has its headquarters, which operates a TV station and two radio stations ( Radio Kosova and Radio Blue Sky ). There are also other private TV stations such as RTV 21 ( Radio Televizioni 21 ), KTV (Kohavision), 21 Popullore , 21 Plus (music station), Klan Kosova and others. The editorial offices of the national Albanian daily newspapers such as Koha Ditore , Bota Sot , Epoka e Re , Gazeta Express and others are also based in Pristina.
Sports
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With FC Prishtina and KF Hajvalia , two football clubs from the city are currently playing in the highest league in Kosovo, the IPKO Superliga . Other football clubs from the city are in the lower leagues. The city is also home to Sigal Prishtina and Kerasan Prishtina, two basketball clubs that compete in the Kosovar Basketball Superleague. Sigal Prishtina is the country's most successful basketball club and has won the Kosovar Basketball Superleague ten times, the Kosovo Cup eleven times, the Kosovo Supercup three times and two Balkan League champions in 2015 and 2016 in regional competitions. (As of 2016)
The Palace of Youth and Sports (Pallati i Rinise dhe Sporteve) is a multi-purpose hall that is used to host various sports in the city and is located in a unique building in the immediate vicinity of the football stadium. The Palace of Youth and Sports has two halls with a capacity of 8,000 spectators in the large hall and 3,000 in the small hall. The Palace of Youth located in it has an area of 8136 m², the shopping and leisure center an area of 8124 m² and the multi-purpose hall an area of 32,440 m². The property was built in 1977 following a successful referendum by the city's citizens. On February 25, 2000, however, the property fell victim to a large fire and has only been partially restored since then, so that the large hall has been out of order since then.
The Palace of Youth and Sports is also used for futsal , handball , athletics , volleyball and other various sports competitions as well as concerts, exhibitions, trade fairs, conferences and congresses. There are also restaurants, bars, wellness, 6D cinema, shopping and parking facilities for visitors. On the forecourt of the Palace of Youth and Sports is the NEWBORN monument , which was erected on the occasion of the proclamation of independence of Kosovo on February 17, 2008 and attracted worldwide attention and has been the city's landmark ever since.
Emin Giku Ethnological Park
Located in the old town of Pristina, the ensemble is considered the best example of regional urban architecture in Kosovo. The former city residence of a wealthy Kosovar family from the 18th and 19th centuries consists of three main buildings that are grouped around two courtyards. The exhibition inside documents the traditional life of the former Kosovar Albanians .
Trivia
In gratitude to the US for its support for Kosovo's independence, several streets in the city are named after former US politicians, such as Bulevardi Bill Klinton (after ex-President Bill Clinton ) and Rruga Robert Dole (after ex-Senator Bob Dole ).
Infrastructure
Water, sewage, electricity, communication
The rapid growth of the city after the war is a burden on the infrastructure, for example in the area of roads and sewers. Since the KFOR troops marched in, 75% of the previously existing urban structure has been rebuilt - often as part of illegal building activity. There are serious problems with the supply of water and electricity. The fixed telephone network in the city has been modernized and works just as reliably as the mobile network. The internet connection is secured for most of the city.
education
Prepress
The preschool organization Gëzimi Ynë looks after 535 children between the ages of one and three years in nine places (as of 2005). There are also over a thousand children between the ages of three and six. Crèches and kindergartens accommodate a total of 1522 children and have 192 employees (as of 2014). In addition, there are 29 other day-care centers in the municipality that are licensed by the State's Ministry of Education and run by private providers.
Primary level
In the large municipality of Pristina there are 37 primary schools, 14 in the city itself, six of which are in the settlement area of the Serb minority outside the city. There are also two schools in the city where members of the Turkish and Bosnian minorities receive lessons in their mother tongue. The number of primary school students is 29,270. There is a special school for higher demands called Naim Frashëri for 58 students. There is also a primary and secondary school for music and ballet with around 600 students. Since the Vetëvendosje took over the municipal administration ! In 2013, systematic medical examinations were reintroduced in primary school. The pupils are visited and examined by fifteen medical teams in the schools. The medical checks are intended to monitor the growth and development of the students and to identify deformations, anomalies and special diseases.
Despite the construction of new school buildings in the city, the community continues to struggle with the overloading of the school system caused by the rural exodus after the end of the Kosovo war in 1999. In particular, there are problems of overcrowded classes and a lack of teachers, which have an impact on the quality of teaching. The municipality tries to counter this by trying to limit the number of students per class to 35 by building additional school objects. The Pristina Municipality Education Directorate has 3200 employees. The school directors are no longer elected directly by the municipality, but are chosen by the residents of the individual districts in which the school is located, after the candidate has submitted to an aptitude test by the municipality.
Secondary school
Of the fourteen high schools, three are general high schools. The others are subject-specific as follows: three for technology and one each for philology, medicine, law, trade, agriculture and music. There is also the US-Turkish private school Mehmet Akif and the Islamic high school Medresa Alaudin .
Tertiary level
The city is home to the University of Pristina, which opened in 1970, with its 17 faculties and around 42,000 students, as well as the University of Iliria . The Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo is also located in Pristina . There are also other private universities that were founded in the 2000s.
traffic
Road traffic
Four national road axes run from Pristina in different directions in the country. The city is directly connected to Prizren (further to the Albanian border), Peja , Mitrovica and Podujeva (further to the Serbian border). There are also roads to Skopje ( North Macedonia ) and Preševo (South Serbia). The national highway R 7 bypasses the city to the west of it. The R 6 motorway , which is currently under construction (and in part already completed) , which will take over the course of the M2 from Vushtrria and which will transition to the planned M3 at the Macedonian border, also runs west of the city.
Air traffic
About 22 kilometers southwest of Pristina is Pristina International Airport , which handled around 1.2 million passengers in 2009 and recorded 5709 aircraft movements.
Bus transport
Pristina received new buses for public transport in the capital. The Italian commercial vehicle manufacturer Iveco was awarded the contract to build 51 buses for public transport in the Kosovar capital Pristina. The corresponding agreement was signed in September 2016. 30 buses are to be delivered by the end of December. The remaining 21 should arrive by the end of January 2017.
| Bus route | begin | The End |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Faculty of Teknik | Fushë Kosovë |
| 2 | Faculty of Teknik | Castriot |
| 3 | Ambulanca (Bregu i Diellit 1) | Vëllezërit Fazliu |
| 3A | Princi i Arbërit | Kroi i Matit |
| 3B | Spitali (Qendra Klinike Universite e Kosovës) | Bardhosh |
| 4th | Iliria (Bregu i Diellit 2) | Gërmia |
| 5 | Ambulanca (Bregu i Diellit 1) | Sofali |
| 6th | Fidanishtja (Arberia) | Holger Petersen |
| 6A | Varrezat | Tregu me Shumicë (Zona industriale) |
| 7th | Kolovica e Vjetër | 7 Marsi |
| 7A | Vreshtat | Rrethi |
| 7B | Makofc | ETC |
| 8th | Llagja Spahiaj Butofc | Spitali (Qendra Klinike Universite e Kosovës) |
| 9 | Xhamia e Matit | Gërmia |
| 10 | Qafa ↺ | Hajvali |
railroad
In Fushë Kosova near Pristina is the hub of the network of the Kosovar railway company Trainkos . Pristina itself is on the freight and passenger rail link to Fushë Kosova. The section leading to Niš is currently not operated. With an investment of several hundred million euros by the government, the European Commission , the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Investment Bank, the Kosovar rail network has been modernized since 2017, which also includes the sections in and around Pristina.
economy
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Commercial and industrial
Although this branch of the economy has been largely idle in the city - as in the whole country - since the collapse of Yugoslavia, a few larger companies have established themselves that produce food, pharmaceutical products, jewelry and textiles , among other things .
The largest commercial and industrial area is on the road to Fushë Kosova , which also connects the capital with the train station of the Trainkos in this place.
Services and trade
The majority of the population now works in these two sectors, which have seen high profits, especially since the end of the Kosovo war (1999). Today, Pristina is the seat of numerous nationally operating companies, such as the national post office , the telecommunications companies PTK , IPKO and TK , the mobile communications company Vala and the banks NLB Prishtina , ProCredit Bank Kosovo , Raiffeisenbank Kosova. The energy and water supply companies ( Korporata Energjetike e Kosovës KEK and Ujësjellësi Rajonal i Kosovës URK ) are also based in the capital.
A new business and trade center called Lakrishta or Prishtina e Re has been emerging in the south-west of the city for several years . Among other things, the ENK City Center has been under construction since 2008 , which is 165 meters high and in which around 400 million euros have been invested. The new congress center is also being built there.
Other sectors
Many of the city's residents are also employed in agriculture and construction. The tourism sector, which is not very developed, is not very prosperous.
Personalities
See also
literature
- Radmila Todić-Vulićević: Pristina. Prištevci i vreme. Novi Sad 1999, ISBN 86-363-0858-5 .
- Michelangelo Severgnini: Good morning, Pristina! Diario di un giornalista radiofonico tra Kosovo e Serbia. Roma 2000.
- Stara Pristina. Poznavanje grada u crtežu Radomira Paje Jankovića, priredio Zoran S. Nikolić. (Old Pristina. Presentation of the city in drawings by Radomir P. Janković, selected by Zoran S. Nikolić.) Pristina 1994.
- Nikolić, Miodrag: Pristina. Degree heroj. Belgrade 1980 (On the Resistance in World War II) .
- Đuričić, Predrag: Priština = Prishtinë [1977].
- Mekuli, Esad and Cukic, Dragon (eds.): Priština. Pristina 1965.
- Nebojsa B. Tomasevic: Yugoslav cities. (Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Skopje, Titograd (Pogradec), Novi Sad, Pristina). [Belgrade] 1965.
- Hajrullah Koliqi: The Survival of the University 1991–1996. 1997.
- Kai Vöckler, Prishtina is everywhere; turbo urbanism; the aftermath of a crisis , 2008, ISBN 978-90-77966-50-1
Web links
Wikinews: Pristina - in the news
- Official website of the City of Pristina
- History of the city Pristina (English)
- OSCE portrait of the large municipality of Pristina from April 2009 (English, PDF, 511 kB)
- Background materials from the European Stability Initiative (ESI) on urban planning and the cultural heritage of Pristina
- Jonas König 2016: Pristina: Departure City? - Eurozine article on Pristina's urban development
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ethnic composition of Kosovo 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2017 .
- ↑ Komuna e Prishtinës shënoi 11-vjetorin e çlirimit (The municipality of Pristina marked the 11th anniversary of the liberation). June 11, 2010, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved October 5, 2013 (Albanian).
- ↑ Pristina is the most frequently used spelling in current German-language publications and is recommended by the StAgN . Nevertheless, the pronunciation is ˈpɾiʃtiːna (“Prishtina”) and thus corresponds to both the Albanian and the Serbian variant.
- ↑ Measurement at the city hall
- ↑ Miroslava Mirković: Moesia Superior-A Province on the Middle Danube . Orbis Proviniciarum, Zabern's illustrated books on archeology, special volumes of the ancient world, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3782-3 , p. 60
- ↑ Miroslava Mirković 2007, p. 43.
- ↑ a b Miroslava Mirković 2007, p. 44.
- ↑ a b c d e Miroslava Mirković 2007, p. 60.
- ↑ a b Miroslava Mirković 2007, p. 61.
- ^ Radivoj Radić: Lipljan . In: Siniša Mišić (ed.): Leksikon gradova srednjovekovnjih srpskih zemalja - prema pisanim izvorima . Zavod za Udzbenike, Belgrade 2010, ISBN 978-86-17-16604-3 , p. 167.
- ↑ a b Miroslava Mirković 2007, p. 62.
- ↑ a b Radivoj Radić 2010, p. 167.
- ↑ Marija Vuskovic: Pristina . In: Siniša Mišić (ed.): Leksikon gradova srednjovekovnjih srpskih zemalja - prema pisanim izvorima . Zavod za Udzbenike, Belgrade 2010, ISBN 978-86-17-16604-3 , p. 228.
- ↑ Marija Vušković 2010, p. 228.
- ^ Slobodan Ćurčić : Gračanica: King Milutin's church and its place in late Byzantine architecture . Pennsylvania State University, University Park 1979, ISBN 0-271-00218-2 , pp. 128 ff.
- ^ Georg Ostrogorsky : Byzantine History 324–1453 . Unchanged reprint of the original edition History of the Byzantine State published in 1965 . CH Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-39759-X , p. 447.
- ↑ Marko Šuica: Vuk Brankovic . Evoluta, Biblioteka Polihistor, Vol. IX, Belgrade 2014, ISBN 978-86-85957-57-4 , p. 40.
- ↑ Marko Šuica 2014, p. 60.
- ↑ Milica Grković: Vuk Branković . In: Milica Grković (ed.): Monahinja Jefimija, knez Lazar, kneginja Milica, Vuk Branković, nepoznati ravanički monasi, despot Stefan Lazarević, David, Andonije Rafail Epaktit, Jelena Balšić, najstariji srpskiu zapisi o Kosovi. Stara Srpska Književnost, vol. 16, Prosveta, Belgrade 1993, ISBN 86-07-00720-3 , p. 25.
- ↑ Milica Grković (eds.): Monahinja Jefimija, knez Lazar, kneginja Milica, Vuk Branković, nepoznati ravanički monasi, despot Stefan Lazarević, David, Andonije Rafail Epaktit, Jelena Balšić, najstariji srpskiu zapisi o Kosovi. Stara Srpska Književnost, vol. 16, Prosveta, Belgrade 1993, p. 116.
- ↑ Marija Vušković 2010, p. 228.
- ↑ Ivan Božić 1972: Srpske zemlje u doba Stefana Lazarevića . In: Vojislav Đurić (ed.): Moravska škola i njeno doba . Filozofski Faculty, Odeljenje za Istoriju Umetnosti, Belgrade 1972, p. 112.
- ↑ Ivan Božić: Srpske zemlje u doba Stefana Lazarevića , 1972, p. 112.
- ↑ Ivan Božić: Srpske zemlje u doba Stefana Lazarevića , 1972, p. 120.
- ↑ Marija Vušković 2010, p. 228.
- ↑ Milorad Ekmečić : Dugo kretanze između kljanja i oranja - istorija srba u novom veku (1492–1992) . Evro Giunti, Belgrade 2011, ISBN 978-86-505-1614-0 , p. 25.
- ↑ a b Gail Warrander, Verena Knaus: Kosovo . Bradt Travel Guides, Chalfont St. Peter 2010, ISBN 978-1-84162-331-3 , p. 86 ff. (English).
- ↑ Qazim Namani: Kultura materiale dhe historia e qytetit të Prishtinës (Material culture and history of the city of Pristina). Yll Press, June 23, 2010, accessed April 28, 2013 (Albanian).
- ↑ Miranda Vickers: Shqiptarët - Një histori modern . Bota Shqiptare, 2008, ISBN 978-99956-11-68-2 , Vazhdimi i shpërbërjes së Perandorisë Osmane, p. 48 (English: The Albanians - A Modern History . Translated by Xhevdet Shehu).
- ↑ Dimitrije Bogdanović: Albanski pokreti 1908–1912 . In: Knjiga o Kosovu . Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts , Belgrade 1986 ( online version [accessed August 21, 2014]).
- ^ Servian Army left a trail of blood. In: The New York Times . December 31, 1912, accessed August 21, 2014 .
- ^ 1913 Archbishop Lazër Mjeda: Report on the Serb Invasion of Kosova and Macedonia. In: Robert Elsie . Archived from the original on March 3, 2016 ; accessed on August 21, 2014 .
- ^ Robert Elsie: Historical Dictionary of Kosovo . Scarecrow Press, Inc., estover road plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-7231-8 , pp. xxxiv ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ Religious composition of Kosovo 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2017 .
- ↑ Kosovo Population and Housing Census 2011 - FINAL RESULTS - MAIN DATA. (PDF) Agjencia e Statisticsave të Kosovës, March 31, 2011, accessed on May 10, 2013 (English, PDF file, 3.91 MB).
- ↑ Kosovo censuses. In: pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved February 22, 2018 .
- ^ Twinning Cities: International Relations. (PDF) In: www.tirana.gov.al. Municipality of Tirana, accessed June 23, 2009 .
- ↑ Ipeshkvia e Kosovës, Katedralja e së Lumes Nënë Tereza në Prishtinë. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 24, 2011 ; Retrieved June 25, 2011 (Albanian).
- ↑ SportRKS: Current league table , accessed on May 15, 2016.
- ↑ Official website of the Kosovar Basketball Association
- ↑ Report with video from KOHA Ditore: Kur nisi ndërtimi i Pallatit "Boro-Ramizi", 1975 (from October 27, 2014)
- ^ Official website of the Palace of Youth and Sports ( Memento of March 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 15, 2016.
- ^ New York Times: That Crush at Kosovo's Business Door? The Return of US Heroes , accessed December 12, 2012.
- ↑ Le Monde diplomatique: Destroying by Building (April 9, 2010)
- ↑ KOHA Ditore: Ashpërsohen kriteret për pranim të fëmijëve në çerdhet publike të kryeqytetit (from July 4, 2014)
- ↑ Kosovapress: Komuna nuk e di sa çerdhe private janë në Prishtinë ( Memento from May 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (from October 4, 2014)
- ↑ KOHA Ditore: Fillon rrënimi i objektit të shkollës “Prenk Jakova” (from March 6, 2013)
- ↑ Official statement of the municipality of Pristina ( Memento from May 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (from September 22, 2014)
- ↑ KOHA Ditore: Arritjet dhe ngecjet e arsimit në komunën e Prishtinës (from May 14, 2016)
- ↑ Profile of the city. OSCE , November 2011, accessed 13 January 2013 .
- ↑ Official information from the University of Prishtina
- ↑ http://www.albinfo.ch/de/shpend-ahmeti-praesentiert-neue-oev-busse
- ↑ Report with video contribution by KOHA Ditore: Më 2017 nisin punimet në hekurudhën që do ta përshkojë Kosovën (from February 22, 2016)
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