Biberbach (Treffelstein)

Biberbach is a district of the municipality of Treffelstein in the Upper Palatinate district of Cham ( Bavaria ).

Biberbach Community of Treffelstein Coordinates: 49 ° 23 ′ 38 "  N , 12 ° 37 ′ 33"  E
Height :	480 m
Residents :	164  (Apr 2, 2013)
Incorporation :	May 1, 1978
Postal code :	93492
Area code :	09972
Location of Biberbach in Bavaria
Biberbach

The Biberbach in Biberbach

Biberbach cemetery chapel

Geographical location

The church village of Biberbach is located about three kilometers south of Treffelstein on the banks of the Biberbach, which rises about ten kilometers further northeast across the German-Czech border on the slopes of the 698 m high Kozí vrch and flows two kilometers further south into the Bohemian Schwarzach .

history

From the beginning to the Reformation

Biberbach was mentioned as early as June 27, 974 in the imperial diploma among the goods that Emperor Otto II gave to the women's monastery in Niedermünster in Regensburg .

At the beginning of the 13th century it appeared again in a document. The Biberbach Church was built around this time. In 1395 the Schönthal Monastery , to which many possessions in Biberbach were given in the 14th century, established a provost's office with a court master in Biberbach . Biberbach is a branch of Schönthal, which Biberbach itself and its entire area including Treffelsteins pastoral care until the 19th century.

In a description of his office from 1550, Biberbach was mentioned as being under the rule of Hans Fuchs. On his death in 1552, Hans Fuchs was inherited by his son-in-law, the knight Georg von Murach von Stamsried . He was married to Hans Fuchs' younger daughter Maria Magdalena.

From the Reformation to Recatholization

Elector Ottheinrich ruled the Upper Palatinate from 1556 . In 1557 he introduced the Lutheran Confession in the Upper Palatinate with an edict drawn up by the theologian Andreas Osiander . As a result, in 1557 the Upper Palatinate was divided into superintendents . Biberbach belonged to the 15th superintendent. In 1557 Hans Ehringer was the (Lutheran) pastor of Biberbach. He was a former monastery brother from Schönthal who converted to the Lutheran faith and who continued to live in the Schönthal monastery building, as there was no parsonage in Biberbach. Already on January 25, 1558, Johannes Cuprifaber (= coppersmith), who was previously a chaplain in Waldmünchen, received the parish of Rötz with its Biberbach branch together with a cooperator.

In 1559 Friedrich III. (Pfalz) , the cousin of Ottheinrich, who died childless, was elector. This introduced Calvinism in the Upper Palatinate and had all pictures removed from the churches. Around 1570 Georg Kergling was a Calvinist pastor in Biberbach. In 1572 he was followed by Pastor Georg Holzgartner, who was married to a landlord's daughter from Etterzhausen. During this time, Treffelstein was a branch of Biberbach.

The Friedrich III. followed in 1576 by his son Ludwig VI. , which was Lutheran, which meant that the inhabitants of the Upper Palatinate had to become Lutheran. Louis VI. chased away the Calvinist preachers and again had pictures hung in the churches. In Biberbach the picture "Lamentatis Christi" was put back on the altar, which was kept hidden during the Calvinist times. Those who did not want to become Lutheran had to emigrate. Günther Nikolaus was pastor in Biberbach from 1582 to 1591. He had to switch to Calvinism in 1583 because the Calvinist Casimir was the successor to Louis VI. and was administrator of the Electoral Palatinate and guardian of the minor Friedrich IV for nine years .

Under Friedrich IV and Friedrich V , Biberbach remained Calvinist until 1625.

From recatholization to secularization

When Friedrich V was defeated by the Catholic Maximilian on November 9, 1620 at the Battle of the White Mountain and Maximilian conquered the Upper Palatinate, the re-Catholicization began.

The last Calvinist pastor of Biberbach was Samuel Stör (1619 to 1626). He was followed in 1626 by the Catholic pastor Johann Hackher, who was replaced by Pastor Michael Stockher in 1627 because of drunkenness. He looked after from Schönthal from Biberbach, Treffelstein and Hiltersried.

In 1634/35 the plague raged in the region. The numerous fatalities in Treffelstein were brought on wagons to the cemetery in Biberbach and there dumped over the cemetery wall into a mass grave.

During the Thirty Years War , from 1633 to 1644, the region was alternately plundered and pillaged by Swedes, Wallenstein's troops and Imperial soldiers. Since the Swedes persecuted the Catholic priests particularly cruelly, they fled. So in 1641 Biberbach turned to the Schönthal monastery with a cry for help, saying that no service was being held because the responsible clergyman, Father Jeremias Haißhammer, had fled.

At first, Treffelstein was just a part of the Biberbach branch. From the middle of the 18th century, however, the importance of Treffelstein increased more and more. The royal lord Johann Nepomuk von Reisach and his descendants turned the former castle chapel into a public church with two public entrances. They paid a castle chaplain who held a daily church service and also Christian teaching, so that the people in the area, including the Biberbachers, went to church in Treffelstein more and more. Of course, money was collected at these church services and the money flowed back to Treffelstein and his church. Another advantage of Treffelstein was that the chaplain lived in Treffelstein, so he was there immediately in the event of death, while the pastor from Biberbach lived in Schönthal and took a two-hour walk to get to Treffelstein.

All attempts by the Schönthal and Biberbach monastery in the years from 1760 to the end of the 19th century to counter this rise of Treffelstein and the associated decline of Biberbach were ultimately unsuccessful.

From secularization to the present

During the secularization of 1802, the Schönthal monastery was dissolved. Nevertheless, Biberbach remained a branch of Schönthal and since Biberbach did not have a rectory, the pastor of Biberbach continued to live in Schönthal.

This Biberbach branch is described as follows in a report from the regional directorate dated May 2, 1806, signed by Ignatius Bock, Provisor zu Biberbach:

Locality	population	Distance to Biberbach in hours
Doubthof	20th	1/4
Edlmühl	57	1/2
Steinlohe	165	1 1/2
Scribble branch	94	1/2
Braunhöf (Altenried)	12	3/4
Stephlhöf	18th	1/2
Biberbach	255	0
Treffelstein	475	1/2
Witzlsmuehl	65	1/4
Sägmühl	13	1/2
Braunmühl	10	1/2

As a result, in 1809 Biberbach was organized as a separate parish by the state, which assumed the right to present itself after secularization in the areas of the dissolved monasteries , but was assigned to the parish of Ast as a branch in 1814.

In 1837 Biberbach is listed in the diocesan register with 34 houses and 290 inhabitants.

In 1876, Treffelstein got its own cemetery. Up until this year the deceased from Treffelstein were buried in the cemetery in Biberbach.

In the course of the simplification of the administration, Biberbach was incorporated into the civil parish of Waldmünchen in 1968.

As of March 23, 1913 (Easter) Biberbach was listed as part of the parish of Ast with 38 houses and 264 inhabitants.

On December 31, 1990, Biberbach had 171 inhabitants and was part of the Biberbach branch .

Today (2013) Biberbach belongs to the municipality of Treffelstein, which together with Tiefenbach forms an administrative community that belongs to the district of Cham.

school and education

In 1613 a school in Biberbach was mentioned in which ten children were studying, including one from Edlmühl.

In 1620 the school in Biberbach had the following income: 4/4 grain, 1 1/2 gulden accidents (from the church), a meadow, a load of hay, a field for 1/4 grain.

In 1643 the schoolmaster of Biberbach had to teach eight school-age children, including four from Biberbach and four from Edlmühl.

In 1770, Elector Max III tried . to introduce compulsory schooling by means of an order, which has not yet been achieved. The school fee at that time was 22 kreuzers a year. On December 23, 1802, compulsory schooling was made compulsory for those aged 6 to 12, and on September 12, 1803, attendance at Sunday school was made compulsory for all boys and girls up to the age of 18 who had been discharged from weekday school. From 1806 onwards, only school teachers who had been trained were allowed to teach in their own teacher seminars. A lesson plan was published and from 1807 only state-approved textbooks could be used for teaching.

In 1787 Biberbach's schoolteacher, Hans Wolf Wilhelm, who was also a sacristan, had the following annual income: 60 guilders 42 kreuzers 2 pfennigs, 1 sheepl 4 meats for grain, 1 sheepl for oats and 1 Metzen flour. He also had a day's work of meadows and an Ackherl and 2 Metzen and a quarter of Saat.

In 1806 it is reported that the school in Biberbach, which is also the sacristan's house, is very dilapidated and so small that it cannot even accommodate 50 children.

Actually, the children from Treffelstein should have gone to school in Biberbach. However, against Biberbach's energetic resistance, Treffelstein had been organizing its own school lessons since the middle of the 18th century and in 1850 finally got permission to set up the Treffelstein school exposition.

Culture and sights

In Biberbach is the 1905 newly built branch church Petrus und Paulus.

literature

• Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971

Web links

Commons : Biberbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website of Treffelstein
• Biberbach (Treffelstein) in the location database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on August 22, 2020.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Residents' registration office VGem Tiefenbach / Treffelstein, reference date: April 2, 2013
2. ↑ Fritsch hiking map of the Upper Bavarian Forest, nature park , scale 1: 50,000
3. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, pp. 22, 27
4. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 40
5. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 57
6. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, pp. 58, 59
7. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 60
8. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 65
9. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 71
10. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 93, 94.
11. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, p. 101.
12. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, p. 102.
13. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 137-144.
14. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 171
15. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, pp. 156-163
16. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 181
17. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 243
18. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. , Treffelstein 1971, p. 349
19. ^ Antonius von Henle (Ed.): Register of the Diocese of Regensburg. Verlag der Kanzlei des Bischöflichen Ordinariates Regensburg, 1916, p. 364
20. ↑ Manfred Müller (Ed.): Register of the diocese of Regensburg. Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariats Regensburg, 1997, p. 55
21. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 77, 185
22. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, p. 186
23. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 103, 104
24. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, p. 187
25. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 185-188
26. ^ Josef Kraus: Treffelstein. A home book. Treffelstein 1971, pp. 138-144, 198
27. ↑ Manfred Müller (Ed.): Register of the diocese of Regensburg. Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariats Regensburg, 1997, p. 55