Bicker (noble and patrician family)

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Andries Bicker , head of the Bickerse ligue , painted by Bartholomeus van der Helst (1642), Rijksmuseum

The noble and patrician family Bicker , also called Bicker van Swieten and later Bicker-Caarten , belonged to the most influential ruling families of Amsterdam in the Golden Age of the Netherlands , with influence on the government of Holland and the Republic of the United Netherlands .

Their wealth was based on commercial transactions, in their political engagement they were mostly opposed to the Orange , and were expelled by them from the Amsterdam city government at the height of their power in 1650 .

history

The Bicker family is the oldest patrician family in Amsterdam that still exists today. Their lineage begins with Dirck Helmer who was registered in Amsterdam in 1383 and 1390. His son Jan Helmer was mayor and aldermen (Dutch: Schepen ) of the city and married to a woman from the Van den Anxter family . Their son Dirck Jansz van den Anxter († 1468), priest and hat merchant, had adopted the maternal name and was married to a woman from the Bicker family. Their son Mr. Pieter Meeuws Soossensz Bicker (1430–1476), Schepen von Amsterdam in 1473, took on the maternal surname Bicker and thus acted as the male ancestor of the other Bickers. He was married to Aeltgen Eggert († after 1455) from the Willem Eggert family. The two families Helmer-Bicker and Bicker belonged to the urban elite as early as the 15th century, so Jan Dircksz Helmer in 1433 and Boel Jacobszn Bicker (? –1505) in 1495 and 1497 were named mayors of Amsterdam.

  • Dirk Jansz Helmer († 1468), who appeared as the tribe of the 2nd line, the female line of the Bicker family

  • Coat of arms of Dirk Jansz Helmer and Geertruijd Gerardsdr van den Anxter

  • His son Pieter Meeuws Soossensz Bicker (1430–1476)

The Bickerse ligue in the Golden Age

Overview of the main family relationships of the Amsterdam oligarchy around the families Boelens Loen , De Graeff , Bicker van Swieten, Witsen and Johan de Witt in the Golden Age .
Wendela Bicker (1635–1668), Portrait of Adriaen Hanneman (1659)
Johan Bicker (c. 1663/64), attributed to Wallerant Vaillant , Amsterdams Historisch Museum

The Bicker family was one of the few patrician families who sat in the city government before and after the Alteratie of Amsterdam in 1578. In the 17th century they supported the Amsterdam Remonstrants and helped them, and ultimately themselves, to gain more recognition. In the Golden Age, the Bicker family was able to quickly gain influence through marriage ties with other patrician and regent families such as the Boelens Loen , De Graeff , Geelvinck , Hooft and Witsen and rise to become powerful officials in the city of Amsterdam and the Dutch province of Holland . A family member, Wendela Bicker , was married to the Dutch pensioner Johan de Witt .

Bickerse ligue was the name given to the seven members of the Bicker family in the middle of the 17th century, which, under the leadership of Johan , Cornelis and Andries Bicker, asserted themselves in harsh criticism of the growing influence of the House of Orange-Nassau , and the ongoing War against Spain led to a positive outcome for the republic. In 1648 the De Graeff-Bicker-Clan obtained the participation of the Republic of the United Netherlands in the Peace Treaty of Munster . At first, the Dutch pensioner Adriaan Pauw was also a member of the Bickerse ligue , but who left it in 1649. In addition, the Bickerse ligue was fundamental to the political support and development of Johan de Witt.

For nearly half a century, the Bicker family played a leading role in Amsterdam and Dutch politics. Together with various other leading republican statesmen, the Bicker family was in favor of the removal of the [Orange] governorship , at least in the province of Holland . Furthermore, they claimed the receipt of a [their] full sovereignty for the local rulers / patricians in the respective provinces and regions of the Netherlands. As a result, the military power fell to the mostly republican city rulers of Holland and the Dutch States General . Without the continued interference of the Orange governor, the republican system of regents functioned effectively politically and economically. The Bicker and De Graeff families, for example, tried to imitate the centralized, autocratic style of government of the Florentine Medici in the government of Amsterdam .

The governors from the House of Orange-Nassau and the Amsterdam families of Pauw (especially Reinier Pauw ), Schaep and Valckenier were among their political protagonists . In 1650 the Bickers temporarily lost their seat in the Amsterdam Vroedschap due to the influence of the House of Oraniern-Nassau . After the death of the Andries brothers, Johan and Cornelis Bicker, the family could no longer achieve a closed expansion of power, but was able to appoint two more mayors in the following period.

Bicker van Swieten branch

This branch of the family came from Cornelis Bicker van Swieten (1592–1654). His descendants carried the surname, which was borrowed from the property of the lordship and the Swieten Castle , in their name. Some people, such as Corneli's son Gerard Bicker (I) van Zwieten (1632-1716) who was Rekenmeester of Holland, achieved a certain political importance in the government of Holland. In 1755 this branch died out.

Gender Bicker Caarten

It cannot be said with certainty whether Lambertus Bicker (1732-1801), son of Arnold Bicker, belonged to the Bicker family. That Bicker was a doctor and professor at the Illustrious School . Lambertus Bicker married Johanna Geertruida Caarten in 1764. His nephew Frederik Pieter Bicker (1766-1832) put his surname to his because of an agreement in the will of his uncle Pieter Caarten. Frederik's son Anton Bicker Caarten continued the family that still exists today.

  • Michiel Bicker Caarten (* 1956), media entrepreneur and journalist

Noble

When the Kingdom of the United Netherlands was founded in 1815 , the Bicker family received the title Jonkheer , and thus became a member of the new Dutch nobility, as the Dutch historian and archivist Bas Dudok van Heel put it:

“In Florence, families like Bicker and De Graeff would have been uncrowned princes. Here they should have been raised to the rank of count at least in 1815, but the southern Dutch nobility would not have put up with that. What you got here was nothing half and nothing whole "

- Bas Dudok van Heel :

Master list (extract)

Family coat of arms of the Bicker family
  1. Dirck Jansz (Helmer) van den Anxter († 1468) married a woman from the Bicker family .
    1. Pieter Meeuws Soossensz Bicker (1430–1476), married to Aeltgen Eggert ( see Willem Eggert ); took the maternal surname Bicker and acted as the male lineage holder of the other Bickers
      1. Pieter Bicker (1497–1567)
        1. Pieter Bicker (1522–1585), respected Amsterdam citizen and brewer; in 1566, Magister (?) Pieter Bicker was involved in the trade dispute with Danzig as Amsterdam's envoy ; Pieter Bicker was banished from the city in 1575 on suspicion of treason, but was pardoned a short time later. In 1576 he worked with Dirck Jansz Graeff as a delegate of the Dutch States General in Hamburg and Bremen, where he was able to take out a loan of 600,000 guilders for the Dutch government .
          1. Gerrit Bicker (1554–1604), Ambachtsherr von Amstelveen and Nieuwer-Amstel, Mayor and Councilor of Amsterdam, founding member and president of the Compagnie van Verre and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
            1. Andries Bicker (1586–1652), Lord of Engelenburg , Regent and Mayor of Amsterdam , Member of the Dutch States General, President of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
              1. Gerard Bicker (1622–1666), Lord of Engelenburg, Drost von Muiden
              2. Cornelia Bicker (1629–1708), married Joachim Irgens av Vestervig
            2. Jacob Bicker (1588–1647), Lord von Engelenburg, rich trader on the Baltic Sea
            3. Johan Bicker (1591–1653), Mayor of Amsterdam
              1. Wendela Bicker (1635–1668), wife of Johan de Witt
              2. Jacoba Bicker (1640–1695), married her cousin Pieter de Graeff
            4. Cornelis Bicker (1592–1654), Herr von Swieten, Regent and Mayor of Amsterdam, President of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), General of the Dutch Armed Forces
              1. Gerard Bicker (I) van Zwieten (1632–1716), vrijheer of Oud-Haarlem and Kortenbosch, Lord of Swieten, Rekenmeester of Holland
                1. Gerard Bicker (II) van Zwieten (1687-1753), Banner Lord of Baronnye and the chief rule of boilers , Lord of Swieten, Heikoop and Boeikoop, Amsterdam Council
                  1. Tryntje Bicker, married to the American Walter Hyer
                2. Cornelis Bicker (II) van Swieten
          2. Laurens Bicker (1563–1606), admiral, trader and traveler in Guinea
          3. Jacob P. Bicker (1581-1626)
            1. Roelof Bicker (1611–1656), Councilor of Amsterdam, Captain of the Civic Guard, painted by Bartholomeus van der Helst
            2. Jacob Bicker (1612–1676), was married to Alida Bicker, daughter of Andries Bicker ; Knight, military in the republican camp of Holland
              1. Catharina Bicker (1642–1678), married Jakob de Petersen
              2. Alida Catrina Bicker (1671–1755) - from the second marriage to Anna Maria Scott (1651–1706) - married Joan Raye (1660–1712)
                1. Joan Raye (1698–1737), Governor ofSuriname
                2. Jacob Bicker Raye (1710–1777), Dutch scribe and chronicler; called himself Bicker Raye after his mother
            3. Hendrick Jacobsz Bicker (1615–1651), painted by Joachim von Sandrart
              1. Hendrik Bicker (1649–1718), Mayor of Amsterdam
                1. Hendrick Bicker (1682–1738), Ambachtsheer von Amstelveen and Nieuwer-Amstel, Mayor of Amsterdam
                2. Jan Berend Bicker (1695–1750), merchant, owner of a plantation in Suriname, Drost von Muiden
                  1. Henrie Bicker (1722–1783), painted by Jean-Étienne Liotard
                    1. Jan Bernd Bicker (1746–1812), politician, President of the Batavian Republic
                      1. Henrie Bicker (1777–1834), Jonkheer, member of the nobility assembly
      2. Jacob Bicker
        1. Hendrik Jacobsz Bicker , Mayor of Amsterdam (1578)

without connection:

Bicker Caarten :

  • Arnold Bicker
    • Lambertus Bicker (1732–1801), doctor and university professor at the Illustrious School; married Johanna Geertruida Caarten in 1764
      • His nephew Frederik Pieter Bicker (1766-1832) put his surname to his because of an agreement in the will of his uncle Pieter Caarten
        • Anton Bicker Caarten

...

  • Anton Bicker Caarten (1902–1990), scribe and windmill expert

...

  • Michiel Bicker Caarten (* 1956), media entrepreneur and journalist

literature

  • Elias: De Vroedschap van Amsterdam 1578-1795. 1904.
  • SAC Dudok van Heel: Van Amsterdamse burgers dead Europese aristocrats. Volume 2, 2008.
  • P. Burke: Venice and Amsterdam. A study of seventeenth-century élites. 1994.
  • Kees Zandvliet: De 250 rijksten van de Gouden Eeuw - capital, power, family en levensstijl. 2006.
  • Jonathan I. Israel: The dutch Republic - Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall - 1477-1806. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-820734-4 .

Web links

Commons : Bicker (van Swieten)  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nederland's Adelsboek Volume 79, 1988 p. 565
  2. ↑ "Opmerkingen over de geslachten treatment in Nederland's Adelsboek" (1949), p. 24 (PDF; 8.8 MB)
  3. ↑ Genealogy ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (from 219190 Pieter Meeus Doosz. Bicker [Gen. 18 No .: 219190 EDELOUDER]). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.de-paula-lopes.nl
  4. ↑ These were: Andries Bicker (1586–1652), Jacob Bicker (1588–1647), Johan Bicker (1591–1653), Cornelis Bicker (1592–1654), Roelof Bicker (1611–1656) and Jacob Bicker (1612–1676 )
  5. ^ Amsterdam: a brief life of the city. Van Geert Mak, Harvill Press (1999), p. 123.
  6. ↑ Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies: Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1650, hard-won unity. P. 78 (reading sample, books.google.at ).
  7. ↑ Triomf der Vrede ( Memento of the original from October 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Dutch) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.triomfdervrede.nl
  8. ↑ Julia Adams: The familial state: ruling families and merchant capitalism in early modern europe. P. 101.
  9. ↑ City Archives Amsterdam  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl  
  10. ^ Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek, part 1
  11. ↑ Gelder, JG van Twee Achttiende-eeuwsche portretten in: Rotterdamsch Jaarboekje 1928, p. 93
  12. ↑ Geert Mak: The Many Lives of Jan Six: History of an Amsterdam Dynasty. (Reading sample, books.google.at ).
  13. ↑ Dutch files and documents on the history of the Hanseatic League and German maritime history: 1558–1669. (Limited view, books.google.at ).
  14. ^ Biography of Pieter Bicker in Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden ; Part 2 ( dbnl.org ).
  15. ^ Biography of Dirck Jansz Graeff in the Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Part 2 ( dbnl.org ).