Biesenhard

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Biesenhard
Wellheim Market
Coordinates: 48 ° 49 ′ 21 ″  N , 11 ° 8 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 508 m
Residents : 320
Incorporation : 1972
Postal code : 91809
Area code : 08427
Town center
Town center

Biesenhard is part of the municipality of Wellheim in the Eichstätt district in the Altmühltal Nature Park .

Baroque grave monument from 1751, set into the cemetery wall

location

The church village is located on the Alb plateau of the southern Franconian Alb at 503 meters above sea ​​level on the road between Wellheim and Ochsenfeld .

history

At Biesenhard, about two kilometers south-southwest of the church, there is a prehistoric section fortification underground , where finds were probably made from the Bronze Age . The place is on the Roman road Nassenfels - Dollnstein . In 1715 a bricked square was found during earthworks for the church building, which probably belonged to a Roman observation tower.

Pysenhart is first mentioned in a document in 909 . The name is derived from mhd.biese = rush and hard for mountain forest. Until the Hirschberg family died out with Gebhard VII. 1305, the village belonged to the bailiffs of the Eichstätt monastery and became a prince-bishop with the Hirschberg inheritance. A farm is mentioned in 1374. Other farms in the area belonged to Pisenhard ; 1239 Engelsee , 1384 and 1486 the farms "Essenlohe" (1186: Eschenlohe ) and Englhard are mentioned as being nearby.

The plague years 1645-1648 survived, according to tradition, only seven farmers.

In 1743, the builder Giovanni Domenico Barbieri (1704–64) from Graubünden built a “hunter's house” in Biesenhard and in 1754 the local inn. The “ Hüll ” (pond) typical of Jura villages up to the present day can still be found in the village, provided they have not yet been converted into extinguishing water cisterns or built over.

After secularization, the place belonged with Wellheim to the Kingdom of Bavaria and from 1817 to 1833 to the Principality of Eichstätt of the Dukes of Leuchtenberg . In 1821 and 1833 there are 167 and 170 inhabitants and 30 houses each. The territorial reform in 1972 brought about drastic political changes: if Biesenhard was previously an independent municipality, it was incorporated into Wellheim; the surrounding, Middle Franconian district of Eichstätt changed to Upper Franconia.

In 1867 a volunteer fire brigade was founded .

Biesenhard grew slowly but steadily. In 1933 there were already 227 inhabitants, in the 1946 census at least 271. Furthermore, in the more recent times in 2006 there were 307 and in May 2016 320 inhabitants.

church

St. John Baptist

The Catholic branch church St. Johannes Baptist, which was newly built in 1715 by the Eichstatt master mason Hans Deller according to plans by the Eichstätter court builder Johann Benedikt Ettl , had a previous building from around 1600, which in 1681 is described as "completely ruined". The new building was consecrated in 1717, but underwent extensive repairs as early as 1789–90. The current onion-crowned church tower, which replaced the roof turret from 1715, and the sacristy were built in 1910/11 according to plans by the Munich architect Hans Schurr . The high altar from the time it was built was set back in 1974 in order to give the people's altar better status; the side altars have also been shortened. The altarpiece of the high altar, like the altar itself, dates from 1715 and shows, according to the patronage , the baptism of Christ by John. The altarpieces on the side altars were painted by the Eichstatt painter Lorenz Koch in 1718 . The oak - Renaissance - pulpit from the late 16th or early 17th century with later stairs comes according to tradition from the Eichstätter Dominican church (St. Peter's), whose establishment was made because of a Baroque reconstruction by Ettl 1713-16. A rosary Madonna from the end of the 17th century hangs above the choir arch, and the ceiling has a stucco framework.

The frescoes - in the choir the Trinity, in the nave: the beheading of the Baptist (signed and dated 1948), naming, sermon of Johannes, two monochrome scenes Rügen and imprisonment, the saints Walburga, Willibald, Nikolaus and Michael - were made by the Munich painter Josef Wittmann painted in neo-baroque style in 1948. The drafts of the main frescoes have been preserved and are in the Regensburg Diocesan Museum with his drafts for church painting. The Way of the Cross is a late Rococo work by the Eichstatt painter Johannes Chrysostomus Wink from around 1770. In 1974 a heater was installed. In 2006/07 the church was thoroughly renovated inside and out.

Ins Diozesanmuseum Eichstätt of a standing baby Jesus came from Biesenhard a small sitting Madonna with the Child, in Rococo by interpretation of the figures and enclosing the Selbdritt group adds "a lovely creation, transfigured by the magic fine, delicate forms" (Mader, the wood-plastic ..., p. 11).

The walled cemetery has some baroque grave monuments.

Biesenhard is a branch church of the parish Ochsenfeld in the diocese of Eichstätt.

literature

  • Felix Mader : The wooden sculpture in the Hochstift Eichstätt at the time of Loy Herings , in: Collector sheet of the Historisches Verein Eichstätt 30 (1915), p. 11
  • Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office , Munich 1928 (Reprint Munich and Vienna 1982), pp. 44–46 (images up to p. 49)
  • (About the place name), in: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt 52 (1937), p. 32
  • Theodor Neuhofer: Contributions to the history of art in the district of Eichstätt , in: Collective sheet of the Historisches Verein Eichstätt 59 (1961/62), p. 55f.
  • Heinz Mittel: Walks in the Wellheimer Tal , Ingolstadt: 2nd improved edition 1981, p. 101
  • Bert Braun: Chronicle market community Wellheim with the districts Konstein, Biesenhard, Gammersfeld and Hard , Spardorf: E. Braun (1982), p. 99f.
  • Edmund Hausfelder and Dietmar Schröter: Wellheim Market. Konstein - Biesenhard - Gammersfeld - Hard. Memories in Pictures - A Bridge to the Past , Geiger-Verlag 2000, ISBN 3895706892
  • Giovanni Domenico Barbieri (1704–1764). A master mason from Graubünden to the Prince-Bishop of Eichstät. Autobiography and edition journal , Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner 2004, pp. 105, 131
  • Sankt Johannes in new splendor , in: Eichstätter Kurier from 27./28. October 2007, p. 32 (with ill.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eichstätter Kurier of November 6, 2014, p. 28
  2. ↑ Dr. Karl Friedrich Hohn: Description of the Kingdom of Bavaria . the newest regulations. Ed .: literariſch-artiſtiſche Anstalt. Munich 1833 ( google.de ).
  3. ^ Committee of the German statisticians for the population and occupation census (ed.): German municipal directory . Population and occupation census of October 29, 1946 in the four zones of occupation and Greater Berlin. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1950 ( statistical library.de [PDF]).
  4. ^ Rural development in Bavaria. Village renewal Biesenhard II. Biesenhard II community of participants at the Office for Rural Development Swabia, February 8, 2017, accessed on May 18, 2020 .

Web links

Commons : Biesenhard  - Collection of images, videos and audio files