Konstein (Wellheim)

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Konstein
Wellheim Market
Coordinates: 48 ° 49 ′ 29 ″  N , 11 ° 4 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 408 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 91809
Area code : 08427
Konstein with its famous climbing rock, the jackdaw rock
Konstein with its famous climbing rock, the jackdaw rock

Konstein ( dialect Kunschdoa ) with Aicha ( dialect Moacha ) and the wasteland Wielandshöfe is part of the municipality of Wellheim in the Wellheimer Trockenental in the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt and in the Altmühltal nature park .

Evangelical Apostle Church in Konstein
Former forester's property in Konstein in the Palatinate-Neuburg region
Floor plan of Konstein Castle
The castle ruins of Konstein around 1835 (lithograph)

Geographical location

The place is about one kilometer northwest of Wellheim after a sharp throat of the Urdonau valley.

history

At Konstein man left traces of the Stone Age . In 1982 a bow-button fibula was found on a Bronze Age burial mound in the basin between Konstein, neighboring Aicha and Wellheim .

Konstein is first mentioned in 1186 with the noble Chuno de Lapide (Kuno von Stein). The castle Konstein on the rocky cone "Chunstein / Chunenstein", 1256 first mentioned as such, served to protect the eastern border of the county Lech Gemünd-Graisbach against the county Hirschberg . In 1289 a knight Heinrich von Muhr von Chunenstein is the castle owner and fiefdom holder . He had other possessions, because in 1302 he sold “Breid” (= Preith ) to the Eichstätter Bishop Konrad II. In 1329 a document bears the witness signature of Ulrich von Muor, called von Kunstein. In 1345 the lord of Konstein, the knight Ulrich Willprant von Parkstein and zu Kösching , received the privilege of high jurisdiction from Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian as well as the fortification right for the place, of which no use was made, and in 1347 also the wild ban . His widow married Kuno von Laiming , who in 1351 assigned the castle to the Bavarian dukes. In the course of compensation negotiations, Burkhard von Seckendorff received half of the castle and town in 1362 . His daughter, married to the nobleman Eberhard Schenk von Rosenberg, sold the entire property to the dukes of Bavaria in 1385, who in turn pledged it to Hans Hausner (until 1457).

In the Landshut War of Succession (1503–1505) Konstein was occupied by federal troops for half a year, then was taken by Count Palatine Ruprecht , who destroyed the castle in 1505. Konstein was assigned to the new Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg through the Cologne saying . In 1506 the castle was given to the kitchen clerk of the Bavarian Duke Friedrich, Willpold Pöll, for merit. Rebuilt in 1515, the Peasants' War caused new damage in 1525; only after 1540 was the castle rebuilt by the new owner, Count Palatine Ottheinrich .

In 1542, Ottheinrich joined Protestantism and the Schmalkaldic League , which put him in opposition to Emperor Karl V , who conquered his principality in 1546/1547 and thus Konstein as well. In 1617, under Elector Wolfgang Wilhelm von Neuburg, the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg and with it Konstein was re-Catholicized. During the Thirty Years' War , Konstein was plundered several times, the castle became uninhabitable and from then on only served as a quarry. Today it has been torn down except for the remains of the circular wall and the restored arched entrance gate. The moat is partially covered with slag from the glassworks.

From 1684 to 1693 an iron mine was operated on Rammersberg. In 1795 the castle ruins, along with the gardens, brewery and glassworks, were sold to the Öttingisch-Spielberg councilor Johann Edmund von Ruösch , who in 1802 sold the property to Count Jakob von Pestalozza , who in turn in 1810 to Count Karl August von Reisach zu Kempten . 1813, most of this came to the possession Konsteiner Brauer Zinsmeister, of the bailey used as Bräukeller.

Until 1802, Konstein remained an office of the neuburgic or the electoral-palatinate-Bavarian administration. In 1803 it was incorporated into the Monheim District Court (Graisbach-Monheim). Together with Wellheim, the place of execution was the nearby Galgenberg in the middle of the Urdonau valley. From 1857 Konstein belonged to the Eichstätt regional court and thus to the district office, later to the Eichstätt district .

The Konsteiner Bahnhof, built on the Dollnstein – Rennertshofen railway in 1920, lost its function after passenger traffic was discontinued in 1960; The route was used for several years for the transport of goods and then by a Dollnsteiner railway association. The former train station has been used by the local folk and traditional costume association "D 'Schuttertaler" Konstein e. V. as a clubhouse. The railway line is now a cycle path.

In the Middle Ages, the ancestral castle of the Wieland of Wielandstein stood near the Wielandshöfe .

On May 1, 1978, the Konstein community was incorporated into the Wellheim market.

Glass industry

In 1578 Leonhard Hadenbeck and Jakob Heg from Ulm founded a glassworks in Konstein . The two of them sold to Hans Greiner from Augsburg , who passed the business on to his son Kaspar and built a new glassworks for himself in Solnhofen in 1649 . The Konsteiner Glashütte remained in the possession of the Greiner family until the middle of the 19th century. The successor owner was a Mr. Bolle from Nuremberg , then the Richter & Co. company in Rudolstadt , then other companies. After the Second World War, the now disused glassworks at the eastern entrance to the village was revived as the “Phönixhütte” in 1946 and a new factory was built in 1950, in which glass products, especially lead crystal glass , were manufactured. After the bankruptcy in 1986, the site was no longer used; the commercial buildings on two thirds of the 2.7 hectare area fell into disrepair. The area contaminated by heavy metal can only be made usable again with great effort; the subsequent use provides for a new industrial area and public green spaces. The renovation has been running since 2005.

Churches

  • The Evangelical Lutheran Apostle Church goes to a chapel dedicated to St. Aegidius back, donated in 1338 as a castle chapel by Ulrich Willprant. After the Reformation , it had become dilapidated, and after 1575 it was expanded to its present form. In the 18th century it was once again a catholic sacral room, but the interior was redesigned in a baroque style under the building of the Wellheim pastor Johann Martin Bergmann . The stucco comes from the Eichstätt plasterer Jakob Egg (Eck). After the construction of a new, larger Catholic church in the immediate vicinity, the chapel was handed over to the Protestant community again in 1958 and, after being redesigned, was consecrated on May 13, 1962. The baroque ceiling painting, showing Maria, was painted over in 1960 by the Munich painter Günther Danco with the depiction of the risen Christ in just one day. The baroque pulpit was converted into a choir pulpit. On the parapet baroque representation of the 12 apostles and in the middle Christ. The exterior simple hall building with two window axes and a three-sided choir in the north has an eight-sided roof turret with a dome on the south side . In 1967 the harmonium was replaced by a new organ. In 2006 urgently needed restoration work on the stucco ceiling was successfully completed. The parish is also supplied by the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Eichstätt, 2nd parish office.
  • The Kath. Filialkirche St. Agidius , built between 1958 and 1960 based on a design by Alfred Backs from Augsburg-Göggingen , has the rococo altars and the organ of the older Agidius Church in addition to the furnishings from the period .
  • The Catholic local chapel of Aicha with its roof turret dates from the first half of the 19th century.
  • On the way from Konstein to Tagmersheim is the ruined church Spindeltal .

Laboratory for stair research

In 1951 Friedrich Mielke began systematic research on stairs ; In 1966 his basic work, The History of German Stairs, was published . Since 1980 he has been in charge of a “ Staircase Research / Scalogy Laboratory” in Konstein ; from then on a general and increasing interest in the subject “stairs” grew in professional circles and among laypeople. In 1985 he founded the Society for Stair Research (Scalalogie) e. V., which by 1990 more than 70 members from nine countries had joined.

Climbing area

In the Konstein / Aicha area , the jackdaw rock is considered a classic among climbing rocks, its up to 35 meter high walls offer 59 tours. Some of the difficult routes were first climbed during the international sport climbing meeting in May 1981. The best-known routes are the “Foam Roll”, “Wenzel Memorial Path” and the “South Ridge”.

The 25 meter high “Madonna” tower also has 16 routes. In 1921 the Ingolstadt Friends of Nature House was built near Konstein / Aicha. There is also the Oberlandsteig via ferrata at the Dohlenfelsen.

and display information about the image
Panorama from Dohlenfelsen: Aicha on the left, Wellheim in the middle and Konstein on the right

hikes

The hiking trails 2 and 4 of the Wellheim hiking trail network lead through Konstein. Loop 11 of the Altmühltal Panorama Trail with a total length of 17 km leads from Dollnstein on the slope of the Wellheimer dry valley through Konstein to Wellheim and via Aicha back to Dollnstein. The Urdonautal-Geoweg built in 2009 with 13 stations for the hiking route and 15 stations for the bike route leads through Konstein and Aicha, among others. The Altmühltal pilgrimage route from Wemding via the ruined church Spindeltal to Breitenbrunn touches Aicha.

literature

  • Karl Gareis: Stone Age residence near Obereichstätt and Konstein . In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt . 28, 1913, pp. 59-62.
  • Felix Mader (editor): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office . Munich 1928. Reprint 1981, pp. 192-196.
  • Heinz Mittel: Guide through the Wellheim Valley and its history . Neuburg on the Danube 1962.
  • Bert Braun: Chronicle of the market town of Wellheim. With the districts of Konstein, Biesenhard, Gammersfeld and Hard . Spardorf 1981.
  • The Eichstätter area past and present . 2nd Edition. Eichstätt 1984, p. 232f.
  • Karl Röttel: An old forge in Konstein . In: Historical sheets for the city and district of Eichstätt . 32, No. 3, 1984.
  • Hartmut Endres: An early modern iron depot from Konstein, district of Eichstätt . Master thesis. University of Bamberg 1994.
  • Albrecht Reinbold (general editor): Festschrift for the 125th anniversary of the founding. Konstein volunteer fire brigade. July 7th to 9th, 2000 . Eichstatt 2000.
  • Edmund Hausfelder and Dietmar Schröter: Wellheim Market. Konstein - Biesenhard - Gammersfeld - Hard. Memories in Pictures - A Bridge to the Past . Geiger, 2000
  • The churches of the parish of Wellheim . Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2002, pp. 16–18.
  • Eva Seibel: The Phönix glassworks in Konstein . In: Angelika Fox (ed.): Losing your home - winning your home . Eichstätt 2003, pp. 90-102.
  • Glassworks / Glassworks Middle Franconia: Jochmann: Das Glas in Konstein, Middle Franconia from 1570 to 1961 ; Fate of the Glashüttenwerke Phönix GmbH, Penzig, Markleuthen - Konstein . In: Pressed Glass Correspondence . 2004-1, Appendix 16.
  • Sandra Siebenhüter, Stefan Schäfferling: 400 years of glassmaking in the Urdonautal. History and stories about the Phoenix glassworks in Konstein. Horb am Neckar: Geiger, 2009. ISBN 978-3-86595-306-3 .
  • Helmut Wundlechner: Climbing Guide Konstein . 4th edition. Wundlechner, Augsburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-026987-5 .

Web links

Commons : Konstein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Eichstätt. (Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Part Franconia, Series I, Issue 6), Munich 1959, p. 196 ( online ).
  2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 599 .