Education and research in North Rhine-Westphalia
Education and research in North Rhine-Westphalia form the basis for the North Rhine-Westphalian economy and other areas of society. The economically profitable use of mineral resources no longer plays a major role in the North Rhine-Westphalian economy, at least since the decline of coal mining in the state. Thus, education, research and development, the basic stock is now mainly of services imprinted knowledge economy .
Due to the educational sovereignty of the federal states , the state of North Rhine-Westphalia is responsible for shaping its educational policy independently. The country maintains a dense network of general education schools , vocational schools , universities and other educational and research institutions . In addition, other schools and institutions are privately or federally funded. Many companies in North Rhine-Westphalia also contribute to value creation in the state with their research and development departments.
General education schools
In North Rhine-Westphalia, three to five years of primary school (up to grade 4) are planned for all pupils . This is followed by attending a secondary school , a secondary school , a grammar school or a comprehensive school . The legal bases are contained in the uniform school law ( SchulG NRW ) of February 15, 2005. After the change of government (May 2005), the comprehensive school law amendment law of June 27, 2006 was passed, which provides for a mandatory recommendation for the transition to one of the secondary schools by primary school teachers. Following the example of other federal states, central final exams at grammar schools and comprehensive schools, i.e. the central high school diploma , have also been introduced. Regular school time at grammar schools was shortened to twelve years . Top marks were reintroduced in all schools, but they were abolished in 2010.
According to the educational reports published by the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics in North Rhine-Westphalia, the proportion of private, state-approved teaching institutions in general schools in the 2005/2006 school year was 5.2 percent. In 2006/2007 the share increased to 5.3 percent.
Universities
In the 1950s there were only a few universities or comparable educational institutions in North Rhine-Westphalia. Universities with a long tradition existed with the Westphalian Wilhelms University in Münster , the University of Cologne and the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University in Bonn , which succeeded the old University in Duisburg in 1818 . The Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule in Aachen, founded in 1870, is one of the oldest German technical universities. In October 2007, RWTH Aachen University was selected as an “elite” university by a committee made up of representatives from politics and science .
In 1907, a medical academy was founded in Düsseldorf , which was converted into a university by the state government in 1965, now known as the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf .
In many regions of the country and especially in the Ruhr area, however, there were hardly any higher educational institutions. This only changed with the expansion of education in the 1960s and early 1970s. There are now six universities and nine colleges in the Ruhr area alone. Numerous research institutes and technology centers make the Ruhr area Europe's densest education and research landscape. The engineering and natural sciences are particularly well represented. In terms of third-party funding, North Rhine-Westphalia ranks first in Germany due to the diverse university landscape.
The first university in the Ruhr area, the Ruhr University Bochum , was founded in 1962. The University of Duisburg-Essen , which emerged from a merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the University of Essen , is also one of the universities in the Ruhr area . The University of Dortmund , the private University of Witten / Herdecke , the Open University in Hagen and the Folkwang University in the Ruhr area with a focus on music, performing arts and design were also founded.
In Westphalia, there were more university start-ups: the University of Bielefeld , the University of Paderborn and the University of Siegen . The Bergische Universität Wuppertal was founded in the North Rhine area .
The universities of Bochum, Duisburg-Essen, Hagen, Cologne and Münster are the largest universities in the state and, measured by the number of regular students specified by the Federal Statistical Office in the winter semester 2006/2007, are among the 10 largest universities in Germany . In the 2005/2006 winter semester, a total of around 470,000 students were enrolled. In total, the state, including the universities of applied sciences, has 26 public universities, 7 state art and music colleges, 22 recognized private universities and 4 universities of applied sciences that are not subject to the state's official and technical supervision.
Art academies
The Düsseldorf Art Academy is located in the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia . It became known above all through the teachers Joseph Beuys , Jörg Immendorff and Markus Lüpertz .
Another art academy is located in Münster (Westphalia). It was founded in 1971 as an institute for art educators at the State Art Academy in Düsseldorf. In 1987 the Münster Art Academy became independent.
Research and Development
Numerous scientific organizations and institutions are based in North Rhine-Westphalia, especially in the federal city of Bonn , the former seat of government. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation , the German Research Foundation , the German Aerospace Society , the German Aerospace Center , the German Academic Exchange Service , the German Research Foundation, the Helmholtz Association , are involved in many different areas of science Max Planck Society , the Donors' Association for German Science and the German National Academic Foundation . The Max Planck Society operates various institutes and the Fraunhofer Society is also represented by several institutions. The Research Center Jülich is one of the largest research institutions in Europe. The NRW Graduate Schools are funded by the state and are top research institutions within the existing universities.
Due to the diverse and strong research landscape, North Rhine-Westphalia ranks first in the number of total third-party funding income in a nationwide comparison of the federal states.
See also
- Foundation Partner for School North Rhine-Westphalia
- Churches and Religion in the North Rhine-Westphalian Education System
Web links
- Ministry for Schools and Further Education of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
- Ministry for Innovation, Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Individual evidence
- ↑ SchulG NRW of February 15, 2005 (GV. NRW. P. 102); School Law Amendment Act of June 27, 2006 (GV. NRW. P. 278). See the School Act for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .
- ↑ Ministry for Schools and Further Education of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: NRW School Act passed ( Memento of the original from June 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.wdr.de/themen/_config_/kurznach/index.jhtml?knid=40496
- ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Bildungsreport NRW 2006 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Bildungsreport NRW 2007 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Ministry for Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Statistics and Planning
- ^ Ministry for Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: University Landscape NRW
- ↑ Third-party funding of the universities in 2002 ( Memento of the original dated June 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Destatis , (PDF)
Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ' N , 7 ° 33' E