Zalavár
| Zalavár | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Western Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Zala | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Keszthely | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 40 ' N , 17 ° 9' E | ||||
| Area : | 31.06 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 936 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 30 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 83 | ||||
| Postal code : | 8392 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 13736 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2015) | |||||
| Community type : | local community | ||||
| Mayoress : | Ildikó Horváth (independent) | ||||
| Postal address : | Dózsa György u. 1 8392 Zalavár |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Zalavár is a municipality in Hungary in the Zala county with 936 inhabitants (as of 2011). It is located about 9 km southwest of Lake Balaton . In sources from the 9th century, Zalavár was called Mosapurc . In modern sources it is also referred to as Moosburg (German) or Blatnohrad (Slovak), Blatnograd (Croatian) or Блатноград (Bulgarian).
history
Capital of the Balaton Principality
In the 9th century Moosburg was the fortified capital of the Franconian Pannonian principality and seat of the prince. The rulership center was rebuilt and settled as a fortress on an island in the middle of a forest and swamp area on the river Zala around 840 by Prince Pribina . Here the Archbishop of Salzburg created a mission center directly subordinate to the bishop . The permanent population of the capital consisted of the nobility, monks, warriors and service people. At the beginning Moosburg still had a village character, from 850 onwards it took on urban features. The residents of the castle lived in above-ground, subdivided log houses, which were relatively large for the time. In the immediate vicinity of the houses there were wells, stoves, work and storage pits. The easternmost third of the castle island, where the houses of craftsmen, merchants of the noble courts of the most important confidants of the court stood, has not yet been explored.
The entire L-shaped castle island was fortified by an outer rampart, which consisted of an earth wall tamped with wattle between two parallel rows of posts. The fortified aristocratic court of the princes stood in the southern third of the island. The aristocratic court was separated from the rest of the island by a 12 meter wide and 2.5 meter deep moat and palisade . Within this area, the Marienkirche stood for the church service.
Outside the aristocratic court there was a palace with several outbuildings and a fountain for the bishop, as well as two other churches. The Church of John the Baptist. a wooden baptistery from the early 840s, but was demolished in the last third of the 9th century and a workshop for antler processing was built on its western part. Archbishop Liupram also had the three-aisled Hadrian's Church built as a pilgrimage church outside the aristocratic court. It was surrounded by a palisade wall and in which the martyr Hadrian was buried. Its palisade border was about the same size as the princely area. At the west end of the church stood a monastery and a round bell tower with the largest bell from the Carolingian era . The bell was cast right next to the church. The glass of the church windows, painted in silver yellow and copper red with figures of saints, was also produced on site. Hadrian's Church was occasionally used as the “Throne and Apparition Church” of the bishop. Confirmations were carried out in Hadrian's Church , ordination to priests was given, and ecclesiastical orders and judgments were announced.
Center of Christian Mission
Moosburg was the center of the Christianization of Lower Pannonia in the 9th century. Under Prince Kocel's reign, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Adalwin , stayed in Moosburg from Christmas 864 to spring 865 and from summer to autumn 865. During this time the metropolitan consecrated eleven new churches in the Pannonian Principality. Later, Kocel played an important role in the, from the Byzantine Emperor Michael III. operated, mission by Cyril and Method and came into conflict with the Salzburg bishop. Kocel was concerned with an independent church organization directly subordinate to the Pope and thus also with greater independence from Salzburg and Eastern Franconia. In the summer of 867, he hosted the two Slav missionaries while they were traveling to Rome in Moosburg. At that time you are said to have trained up to 50 students in Moosburg. Kocel supported and then spread the Old Church Slavonic liturgy in his domain.
From 869 Method worked as a papal legate at Kocel's court. In the winter of 869/870 Kocel obtained the appointment of Methods as Archbishop of Pannonia and Great Moravia with his seat in Sirmium from Pope Hadrian II . The actual bishopric was then Moosburg. Sirmium was under the control of the Bulgarians and only served to demonstrate the papal claims. In 870 Method was condemned by a Bavarian Synod of Bishops and then spent three years in custody. Meanwhile the Salzburg missionaries resumed their missionary work in Moosburg. In 873/874 Bishop Method returned to Kocel's court. After Kocel's death, Method had to give way to pressure from his opponents. He then went to Prince Sventopluk in Greater Moravia , where he worked until the end of his life.
After 900
In 907 the Bavarian army was defeated by the Magyars. Mostly Pressburg is given as the place of this event ( Battle of Pressburg ). But there are also scientists who, taking into account the topographical, military-historical and tactical conditions, localize this battle near Mosapurc (Zalavár). In the early days of the Magyars, General Bulcsú ruled this area. In the 11th century the castle was reactivated and included in the Hungarian Gyepű defense system. A fortress was built as the first center of the county of Zala County to the north of the former church of Pribina, which was newly consecrated in 1019 . At the end of the 11th century, the monastery and church were rebuilt and a new church was built (today the Chapel of St. Stephen).
Palatine Thomas III. Nádasdy expanded the fortifications of the monastery that had existed since the middle of the 15th century. The monks left the monastery in 1575. The monastery then became a Hungarian border castle, which was destroyed in the course of the ongoing border battles with the Turks, until the complex was finally blown up on the orders of the Hungarian King Leopold I. The Zalavár Abbey was handed over to Göttweig Abbey as a subsidiary abbey in 1715 . The order established a new monastery in Zalaapáti .
Attractions
- Zalavár Memorial Park
Web links
- Zalavár on the Zalavár Memorial Park website
- Zalavár. Summary
Individual evidence
- ↑ Béla Miklós Szőke: ANTÆUS 31-32. Communicationes ex Instituto Archaeologico Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest 2010.
- ↑ a b c d Zalavár Memorial Park. In: zalavarpark.hu. Retrieved on August 6, 2020 (German, English, Hungarian).
- ↑ a b Béla Miklós Szőke: Christian monuments in Pannonia from the Carolingian period. Zalai Múzeum, 2002, p. 248 ff.
- ↑ Agnes Sós, Sándor Bökönyi: The excavations of Géza Fehérs in Zalavár. ArchHung, Budapest 1963.
- ↑ Elek Benkő: The Carolingian bell-cast pit of Zalavár. Bells Yearbook, 2005–2006.
- ^ Günter Bandmann: Medieval architecture as a carrier of meaning. Berlin 1951, pp. 173, 207.
- ^ Edgar Lehmann: From the church family to the cathedral. Art history studies, Baden-Baden 1962, pp. 21–37.
- ↑ Franz Greszl: one thousand years German life in the Carpathian region. An examination of the history of the Church and Spirituality. Our Post, Stuttgart 1971, p. 11 ff.
- ^ Herwig Wolfram: Salzburg, Bavaria, Austria. The Conversio Bagoarium et Carantanorum and the sources of their time. Verlag Oldenbourg, Vienna / Munich 1996.
- ^ Heinz Dopsch : Between Salzburg, Byzantium and Rome. On the missionary work of Pannonia in the 9th century. In: Christianity in Pannonia in the first millennium. Zalaegerszeg 2002, p. 267 ff.
- ^ Charles R. Bowlus: Franks, Moravians and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907. Philadelphia 1995.