Edible Bomarie
| Edible Bomarie | ||||||||||||
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Edible Bomaria ( Bomarea edulis ) |
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| Bomarea edulis | ||||||||||||
| ( Tussac ) Herb. |
The Edible Bomarie ( Bomarea edulis ) is a plant of the genus bomarea ( Bomarea ) within the family alstroemeriaceae (Alstroemeriaceae).
Description and ecology
Bomarea edulis is a perennial herbaceous plant which, as a mostly evergreen , upright, twisting and mostly bare climber with slender stem axes, reaches heights of about 1.5–4 meters or a little more. A vigorous plant bears at least 20 small tubers with a diameter of 4 to 5 cm.
The alternately arranged, entire-margined and pointed to pointed, slightly leathery, almost bare leaves are lanceolate, medium-green and partially papillae on the underside. They are short stalked or the leaf base is narrowed like a stem, and up to about 7-14 inches long and up to 3 inches wide. The nerve is palmate with forward-curved main arteries.
There are thyrsig - doldige and loose inflorescences. There are different bracts available. The hermaphroditic and stalked, relatively large flowers with a simple flower cover are threefold and narrow-bell-shaped. There are two circles with three free, petaloid, early falling bloom cladding exists, the upside-ovoid of the outer circle are the outside light pink to -rötlich and inside yellowish and slightly reduce the inner circle are yellow-greenish and spatulate to nailed with dark spots . The included six Straub leaves are free and the ovary , with a long, but enclosed pen with lobed stigma , is inferior in the small, cup-shaped, mostly bare flower cups . The flowering period extends from July to October. The pollination is usually by bees.
The green, slightly inverted-conical, cup-shaped and loculicidal, ribbed and slightly triangular, up to 1.8–2 centimeters large capsule fruits ( false fruit ) with numerous round seeds with a red, fleshy sarcotesta ripen from October.
distribution
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The Edible Bomarie is widespread in Central America from Mexico, Cuba and the Greater Antilles to Venezuela , Colombia , the Guyanas to Peru , Bolivia and to central and eastern Brazil and northern Argentina . This plant species, which has now almost been forgotten, was cultivated as a crop in pre-Columbian times. In Central Europe the Edible Bomaria is cultivated as a container plant (not winter hardy ).
Taxonomy
The first description of Basionyms Alstroemeria edulis was made in 1808 by François Richard de Tussac in Fl. Antill. 1: 109. The reallocation to Bomarea edulis was done in 1837 by William Herbert in Amaryllidaceae: 111.
Because of their morphological variability and their wide distribution, many synonyms are listed for Bomarea edulis : Alstroemeria affinis M. Martens & Galeotti , Alstroemeria edulis Tussac , Alstroemeria gloriosa Cham. & Schltdl. , Alstroemeria grandifolia Kunth , Alstroemeria hirtella Kunth , Alstroemeria jacquesiana Lem. , Alstroemeria miniata M. Martens & Galeotti , Alstroemeria salsilloides Mart. , Bomarea affinis (M. Martens & Galeotti) Kunth , Bomarea bakeriana Kraenzl. , Bomarea brauniana Schenk , Bomarea caraccensis Herb. , Bomarea edulis var. Furcata Person | (Klotzsch ex Kunth) Kuntze, Bomarea edulis var. Grandis Herb. , Bomarea edulis var. Hirtula Suess. , Bomarea edulis var. Maranensis Herb. , Bomarea edulis var. Parvifolia (Seub.) Hoehne , Bomarea furcata Klotzsch ex Kunth , Bomarea gloriosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Roem. , Bomarea grandifolia (Kunth) Herb. , Bomarea guianensis Kraenzl. , Bomarea hirta Schenk , Bomarea hirtella (Kunth) Herb. , Bomarea jacquesiana (Lem.) Kunth , Bomarea janeirensis M. Roem . , Bomarea maakiana Klotzsch , Bomarea macrophylla Schenk , Bomarea maranensis Herb. , Bomarea martiana Schenk , Bomarea miniata (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kunth , Bomarea ovata var. Tatiana Herb. , Bomarea petiolata Rusby , Bomarea salsilloides (Mart.) M. Roem . , Bomarea salsilloides var. Pauciflora Schenk , Bomarea salsilloides var. Pubescens Schenk , Bomarea salsilloides var. Sepium Schenk , Bomarea sororia N.E.Br. , Bomarea spectabilis Schenk , Bomarea spectabilis var. Parvifolia Seub. , Bomarea tatiana Herb. , Vandesia edulis (Tussac) Salisb. Killip , Bomarea perlongipes . The subtaxa described are all synonyms.
use
The tubers are sold on local markets in South America as "white Jerusalem artichoke ". The tubers are boiled and prepared into a light, tasty, creamy and starchy puree and serve as a potato substitute. The tubers are said to be diuretic and tea made from the leaves is used as a gargle for angina .
literature
- JM Pérez Martínez, M. Rodríguez Hernández, F. Areces Berazaín, DW Minter, WJK Minter: Plants of Viñales - A Pictorial Guide. Bomarea edulis - online .
- Anton Hofreiter : Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb. - A nearly forgotten pre-Columbian cultivated plant and its closest relatives (Alstroemeriaceae). In; Fedde's repertory. Volume 117 (1–2), 2006, pp. 85–95, doi: 10.1002 / fedr.200511083 .
- Dumont's Great Plant Encyclopedia. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7701-4350-7 , pp. 182-183.
- Anton Hofreiter, Eric F. Rodríguez: Alstroemeriaceae en Perú y áreas vecinas. In: Revista Peruana de Biologia. 13 (1), 2006, doi: 10.15381 / rpb.v13i1.1765 .
- Ana Kelly Koch: Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Alstroemeriaceae. In: Rodriguesia. 67 (5), 2016, pp. 1201-1204, doi: 10.1590 / 2175-7860201667518 .
- Anton Hofreiter: The Genus Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) in Bolivia and Southern South America. In: Harvard Papers in Botany. Vol. 9, No. 2, 2005, pp. 343-374, JSTOR 41761823 .
Web links
- Bomarea edulis at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ^ A. Hofreiter: Bomarea edulis (Tussac) Herb .: A nearly forgotten pre-Columbian cultivated plant and its closest relatives (Alstroemeriaceae). In: Journal of Botanical Taxonomy and Geobotany , Volume 117, 2006, 85-95.
- ↑ Bomarea edulis in Plants For A Future .
- ↑ T. Peckolt: Pharm. Rundschau (New York) , 10, 1892, p. 162.