logbook

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Historical log of the Grand Turk frigate replica

A logbook (derived from log , also Logge; Engl. Log = [originally] block of wood) is a common form in seafaring of recording and archiving the speed measured with the aid of the log , the journey through the water , that with the aid of the course and the dead reckoning Calculated daily distance traveled ( trip over ground ) as well as daily events and processes similar to a diary or protocol . Like this, it is structured chronologically and is not intended for publication. In contrast to a diary, a logbook basically serves as evidence and is binding, i.e. not voluntary.

Some logbooks acquired historical or literary importance, such as the logbook of Christopher Columbus .

Logbooks are also used in other areas, e.g. B. medicine, in companies or projects.

Related to the logbook are the log lists or log files ( log messages) used in IT , in which the running program generates a chronologically continuous list of relevant information as well as warning and error messages. The type and scope are determined by the programmer or administrator. Also related is the list of changes in a new version, the so-called changelog .

shipping

historical overview

A logbook was kept under the responsibility of the commanding officer by the officers on watch on the warships, by the helmsmen and the skipper on the merchant ships. First of all, every hour or four hours (on a watchful basis) everything relating to the seafaring related parties is entered in the logbook, namely: the controlled course, the ship's speed determined by the log (from which the book gets its name) or other measuring devices, the drift , and in the case of motor ships, the engine power (Travel) and maneuvers with the engine, with sailing ships the guidance of the sails, wind direction and strength, weather, clouds, barometer and thermometer readings, as well as all bearings.

Entry is made of all special events during the watch, the nautical work carried out, special weather conditions, the in and outlook of land and landmarks, the signals of the flagship when the ship is in a squadron; plugging in position lights, sending fog or emergency signals.

At 12 noon, the cutlery is entered, as well as the electricity transfer. When entering and lying in the port, details of the activity of a pilot, the anchorage conditions in the port or in the roadstead , water depth, ebb and flow currents are noted.

All activities resulting from the sea ceremony (e.g. salute) are recorded in the logbook.

Other names are sea ​​diary , ship diary and ship journal .

Events to be entered

Logbook of Éric Tabarly's Pacific crossing in 1969: on the left prefabricated columns z. B. for course, log, etc. (largely ignored, instead current events were noted, e.g. "8 o'clock large torn starboard balloon jib taken in / exchanged for a small one / very good weather"); on the right there is space for navigation bills, warning messages, etc.

A logbook is a binding, chronological book in which all important events on board a ship are entered. A logbook can a team will be led by anyone, a crew member unless a clear instruction to guide the logbook from the skipper gets. However, the skipper bears full responsibility for the log book and must sign it. The following things are to be entered in a logbook:

  • the steered magnetic compass heading.
  • the actual course over the ground. This is often determined using GPS or bearings.
  • the journey through the water determined by the log.
  • the trip over the ground, which is now also taken from the GPS.
  • the speed of the water flow. This is the difference between the journey through the water and the journey over the ground.
  • the drift caused by the direction of the current.
  • Information about ebb and flow depending on the sea area.
  • The times of departure and arrival in a port.
  • The names of the people on board and any changes to them. This information is particularly necessary in an emergency so that the vessel can be evacuated properly.
  • All accidents that occur to the vehicle and / or the people on board.
  • when driving with the engine: speed in revolutions per minute.
  • all maneuvers, regardless of whether they take place under motor or under sail.
  • In the case of sailing ships, information on sailing, wind direction and strength, weather, cloud cover, barometer and thermometer readings.
  • Handwritten log of the weather report and the weather forecast.
  • Emission of fog signals.
  • Behavior in foggy or unseen weather.
  • Guiding and showing of lights and signal bodies.
  • Information on anchors and anchor lights.
  • Information about towing and being towed.
  • Information on engine maintenance, operating time, fuel consumption and fuel level.
  • Battery consumption with the engine switched off as well as the battery charging time, age and condition of the on-board battery.
  • State of the electronic navigation aids (e.g. electronic nautical charts, radar and GPS).
  • State of the signaling and rescue equipment such as B. the position lights, emergency missiles, hand torches etc.
  • Any observations that may be of general interest to shipping. This means, for example, changes in the sea that have not yet been mapped.
  • the implementation of the safety briefing
  • If, in the event of an emergency at sea, the ship is unable to provide assistance or if the skipper / person responsible for safety considers the assistance unreasonable or unnecessary due to special circumstances, this must be noted in the logbook and the search and rescue service must be alerted (Section 2, Paragraph 2 SeeFSicherV)

Requirements for a logbook

Due to the required binding nature of a logbook, it must meet numerous requirements, as this represents evidence:

  • All entries must be truthful.
  • Text segments or individual sheets of paper must not be removed.
  • If something is crossed out (even the best secretary makes mistakes from time to time), the crossed out must remain legible.
  • If something is subsequently added to a logbook, this must be clearly marked.
  • According to the ISO 12757-2 standard, a logbook must be kept properly documented . A website, such as a blog , generally does not meet the criterion of document authenticity.
  • A skipper does not have to write the logbook personally; he can instruct a team member to do this. The logbook, on the other hand, must be signed by the skipper, as he is responsible for the entire ship, the people on board and of course also for the logbook.

Purpose of the logbook

A logbook is a simple piece of evidence and is used to determine a possible average or an accident or to reconstruct the course of the accident. It can also be used to train the crew, as all human errors are recorded in a logbook so that they do not repeat themselves if possible.

Under certain circumstances, a logbook can also be used to rescue people: The rescue workers can use the logbook to find out about the number of people on board and also about the current state of the ship. This is especially the case with smaller boats.

Maritime Shipping - Germany

The legal regulations in Germany for guiding Seetagebüchern , these include the ship's books and engine log books, do not distinguish between commercial shipping, Kauffahrteischifffahrt and recreational boating, but apply to all seagoing vessels that are entitled to fly the German flag. However, a distinction is made between those ships that are mandatory to be entered in the shipping register and those that are not required to be entered. A number of individual regulations do not apply to ships that are not subject to registration. Since the obligation to register begins with a ship length of 15 m, in practice the vast majority of pleasure craft have significantly lower requirements for keeping ship logs than for large ships.

Appendix 1, B.II of the Ship Safety Ordinance contains detailed regulations for keeping ship logs . Further regulations can be found in the Ship Safety Act and the Ordinance on Safety at Sea .

All sea logs are to be kept for a period of three years from the date of the last entry.

Nowadays, so-called online logbooks from ships on long and short voyages are widespread in recreational shipping (preferably circumnavigating the world and blue water voyages ). These are usually put online - from the high seas - via shortwave radio / pactor or satellite telephony . However, blogs and websites are not document-proof and therefore not admissible as evidence.

Inland Shipping - Germany

In the case of inland vessels, the logbook and the logbook can be used instead of the ship's log and engine log.

Scuba diving

two different diving logbooks

Most scuba divers keep a log book in which they record every dive. This makes it easy to understand the experience of a diver. A well-kept diver logbook therefore contains details such as diving depth, temperature , diving time , equipment and special events or observations. At many diving centers, the logbook is checked when registering. The same applies to registrations for diving courses . If it is poorly managed or if it raises questions, this can lead to the diver being rejected. It is also common for diving partners ( buddy ) or entire groups who have completed a dive together to sign each other's logbook entries or stamp them with individual stamps . Dive logbooks are available in different sizes and with different layouts .

aviation

In aviation, every single pilot has to keep a flight logbook in order to prove his flight hours. In the main logbook are aircraft movements at an airfield documented.

Similar to shipping, where a logbook belongs to every ship, a logbook is also kept for every aircraft.

medicine

In Germany

In medicine , logbooks have been used as part of further medical training since May 2003 (106th Medical Congress, amendment of the model further training regulations ). Standardized (sample) logbooks are offered by the state medical associations for each specialty. They represent an aid for documenting the status of further training, the ongoing documentation of the further training content and the staff interviews to be held at least once a year between the trainer and the doctor in further training (Section 8 MWBO).

In addition, logbooks are published by the relevant medical societies in order to acquire specialist expertise in the various specialist areas . This applies in addition to surgery and the like. a. for urology . Urology is one of the first departments that is trying to implement the new requirements of the advanced training regulations nationwide in a structured manner: For urological training, the joint urological training logbook of all urological specialist societies ( GeSRU , DGU, BDU and AK Ltd. Krhs-Ärzte) is offered. At the level of the urological specialist societies, this logbook structures the requirements of the medical associations in a subject-specific manner by specifying a (sample) training curriculum for the modular, section-by-section performance of the training content. In addition, the content of the further training discussion is defined via a curricular coupling. The dual concept of the urological training logbook implies not only a print version but also an electronic version. Based on the documentation software WDoku , the logbook of the medical associations in the program was replaced by the forms in the logbook for urological training.

In Austria

In Austria, too, logbooks are used to record medical training and further education: In the field of pediatric and adolescent surgery, the - albeit not yet binding - Austrian Health Structure Plan 2006 (ÖSG 2006) requires the keeping of a logbook for all children - anesthesia for sub- 6-year-olds required. In the area of student medical education studies university is in Austrian law , proof of Famulaturzeiten demands and Famulaturinhalte. This proof is fulfilled by a logbook kept by the students and confirmed by the training officer.

Radio traffic

Public radio services are obliged to keep a logbook. At least the date, time, frequency, type of modulation and a short reception assessment of the connection are recorded in the logbook. Licensed radio amateurs can be obliged by the Federal Network Agency to keep a log book, for example to get to the bottom of the cause of radio interference. In the case of the BOS , one speaks of the radio diary or radio technical operating log.

Operating log

The term logbook is also used in other areas where operating logs or chronologically continuous records are kept, for example weblogs or change logs .

Logbooks (in the sense of operating logs) are widespread, especially for complex systems and machines, such as B. Nuclear power plants or particle accelerators . More and more computer-aided log books (electronic log books) are used (see log file ).

In 1945, while working on the Mark I, the programmer Grace Hopper wrote in her logbook: “First actual case of a bug being found” after a moth had caused a computer relay to fail .

military

In military parlance, a series of official and legally binding documents is called a logbook. The documents are usually sorted by date. Each document is provided with a time stamp or an important action. At events with ammunition firing, a shooting book is kept .

Geocaching

With geocaching, there is a logbook in each cache, in which the finder enters his nickname and date (the time is optional). If necessary, general comments as well as references to exchanged objects (such as geocoins and travel bugs) can be written in the logbook. Depending on the size of the cache, it can be a "real" book or just a simple strip of paper. At the same time there is always an online logbook on the Internet.

See also

literature

  • Volker Ladenthin: The log book. Reading experiences for literary adventures […]. Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-9810925-0-3 .
  • Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon. Vol. 11th, 14th edition. Leipzig 1894, p. 253.

Web links

Wiktionary: Logbook  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Logbook  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d What is a logbook? In: Dunkelangst.org. February 2, 2010, accessed February 2, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Legal information on the logbook , Logbook app, accessed March 11, 2014
  3. ↑ a b THE LOGBOOK - what it is and what it is not ....... ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , ProTec, accessed April 2, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.protecdive.com