Brandis (Tyrolean noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Brandis from Tyrol

Brandis is the name of an ancient South Tyrolean noble family from Lana near Merano .

history

The ancestors of the Brandis are the lords of Lana , ministerials of the Guelphs , who have been in possession of land in Lana since the middle of the 12th century . According to a document from 1273, in 1082 a Berthold von Lana bequeathed his goods to the Welf monastery Weingarten . The Lords of Lana, whose property was in Niederlana, also exercised bailiwick rights over South Tyrolean properties of the Tegernsee Monastery , which was also in the Bavarian Duchy of the Welfs. The Lords of Lana belonged to the higher-ranking ministerial nobility, as the foundation of the Church of St. Jacob in Grissian in 1142 shows. The original seat of those of Lana was probably in Niederlana near the Church of the Assumption of Mary . Between 1140 and 1153 Prantoch von Lounon (Lana) with his sons Hildebrand and Heinrich (senex Brandhoch de Loeinnon filiique sui Hiltebrandus et Heinricus ) appear for the first time in a document .

At the end of the 12th to the beginning of the 13th century they built two hilltop castles , Brandis Castle and Lanaburg ( Leonburg ), both initially owned by their own . The two castles were first mentioned in a document in 1236.

From the beginning of the 13th century, the lords of Lana branched out into several families, each named after their seat, including those of Brandis, von Lanaburg, von Braunsberg , von Marling - Lebenberg and von Werrenberg (on the Werrenberg, also tower zu Called Völlan ). They all had a red lion in their coat of arms and had common lead names such as Berthold, Schwiker, Hildebrand, Konrad, Burghard, Ulrich, Adelheid.

Leonburg
Brandis castle ruins

In 1236 an inheritance was divided between Pranthoch (the younger) on Brandis, probably Hildebrand's older son, and the brothers Konrad, Heinrich and Berthold on Leonburg. In the 13th and 14th centuries, numerous property purchases were made by the two lines, and vineyards were laid out on so-called Neugereuten , cleared forest areas. In 1295, the two own castles had to be given to Prince Meinhard II of Tyrol as a fief after he threatened siege and fire with a blide . The branches on both castles exercised the jurisdiction and the bailiwick over the parish Lana jointly and concluded in 1296, 1305, 1334 and 1338 alliance and inheritance contracts. In the 13th century, the Brandis also built the residential tower of the Larchgut residence . In 1361 Rudolf von Brandis inherited half of Braunsberg. In 1423 three Brandis brothers received the northern part of the Leonburg, which had previously been burnt down, and in 1426 it fell entirely to the Brandis, the Leonburg family branch extinct in 1462. In 1426 the Lebenberg family had already died out. Of the various branches of the Lords of Lana, only the Brandis came to modern times and the present.

In the later 15th and 16th centuries the Brandis held high administrative offices in Bozen and in the Bressanone Monastery . In 1470 Burghard von Brandis bought Vorst Castle and the associated court. From the end of the 15th century until 1761 the Compil residence belonged to the Brandis family. From 1519 to 1860 the Vorst castle in Lagundo was in their possession. In 1597, the long-time governor of Tyrol, Jakob Andrä von Brandis, acquired the Fahlburg in Prissian and expanded the old residential tower into a renaissance castle. In 1606 he was made a baron. His son Veit Benno, also governor, bought the Mayenburg -Tisens court in 1647 , after the Stein unter Lebenberg court had already passed to the family in 1599. He moved the court seat from Mayenburg to Fahlburg, where he remained until the patrimonial courts were dissolved in 1831. Together with his brother, he was raised to the rank of Count and Lord of Brandis, Baron of Leonburg, Forst and Fahlburg in 1641 .

Count Clemens von Brandis (1798–1863) was governor of Tyrol and Vorarlberg and governor of Tyrol from 1841 to 1848. As such, he campaigned for the expansion of the road network. His son Anton Graf von Brandis was governor from 1889 to 1904 and reformed school regulations and community constitution; he participated in the construction of the Bozen-Meran railway.

Brandis Castle fell into ruins by 1807, after which the Neubrandis Castle was built a little below in 1810. The Mayenburg was sold in 1825 and then fell into ruins. The Leonburg, a rarely preserved example of an intact castle from around 1200, the Fahlburg and Neubrandis Castle belong to the Counts of Brandis to this day, who strive to preserve them.

In the 17th century a branch of the family first moved to Lower Austria, where they owned the dominions of Kottingbrunn (from 1637 to 1687), Rodaun and Siebenhirten. Through the marriage of Count Adam-Wilhelm von Brandis (1636–1699) with Countess Anna-Maria Zwickel called Khiesl (1643–1703), their son Jakob (1677–1746) became the heir of the Marburg an der Drau (today Maribor) in Lower Styria (today Slovenia ). The large estate, which from 1728 to 1863 also included the Windenau (Betnava) estate near Maribor, Grünberg, St. Nikolai, Freistein, Schleinitz, Ebensfeld and St. Johann, fell after the death of Jacob's son Heinrich (1715–1790) ), whose children all died young, to the younger, South Tyrolean line of the family. From 1847 to 1900 she also owned the Ebensfeld estate (Ravno Polje). The seat of rule was the city ​​castle in Maribor (sold in 1933). Heinrich Graf zu Brandis (1885–1955) had to flee the property in 1945 and moved into the Fahlburg. His sons moved into the Leonburg and Neubrandis.

Other possessions

Nobility uprisings

  • Elevation to the old gentry class ( Freiherr ) on February 2, 1580 in Innsbruck by Archduke Ferdinand II of Tyrol for the brothers Anton and Hans Heinrich von Brandis .
  • Granted the right to call himself "Freiherr zu Leonburg und Vorst" on March 31, 1606 in Innsbruck by Archduke Maximilian III. von Tirol for the brothers and cousins Jakob Andrä , Anton and Georg von Brandis .
  • Awarded the title of “Erbländischer Silberkämmerer” from Tyrol on May 4th 1626.
  • Awarded the privilege of outdoor seating for Fahlburg with the right to be named after the same on September 2, 1648 by Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Tyrol for Veit Benno von Brandis .
  • Imperial count status at the Reichstag from 1641 in Regensburg with a diploma from February 16, 1654 for the brothers Andreas Wilhelm and Veit Benno Freiherr von Brandis as counts and lords of Brandis, barons of Leonburg, Forst and Fahlburg.
  • 1738 awarded the Landmannschaft of Styria, 1806 in Carinthia.
  • Appointment as hereditary members of the manor house of the Austrian Imperial Council since 1861.

coat of arms

Fourth coat of arms of the Brandis

Family coat of arms

A red lion in silver . On the helmet with red and silver blankets, the lion grows, whose back is equipped with a silver comb of peacock mirrors .

Later coat of arms

Emptied; 1 and 4 like family coat of arms, 2 and 3 split, on the right and left in silver an inward-facing red lion, on the left and right blue without image. Two helmets with red and silver covers; the one on the right like a trunk helmet, on the left a tall red topped and gold-crowned silver hat, with two outward-facing red lion claws and equipped with six black cock feathers .

Personalities

Noble families of the same name

The Tyrolean nobility of the Counts of Brandis must be distinguished from the Swiss nobility of the Lords of Brandis, which died out in 1512, and the Lower Saxons of the Barons of Brandis, who were ennobled in 1769 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Oswald Trapp , Brandis, Leonburg, in: Tiroler Burgenbuch vol. 2 (pp. 258–276)

Web links

Commons : Brandis (Tirol)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files