Turgenie

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Turgenie
Turgenie (Turgenia latifolia)

Turgenie ( Turgenia latifolia )

Systematics
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Scandiceae
Genre : Turgenia
Type : Turgenie
Scientific name of the  genus
Turgenia
Hoffm.
Scientific name of the  species
Turgenia latifolia
( L. ) Hoffm.

The Turgenie ( Turgenia latifolia ) is the only species of the plant genus Turgenia within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

Common names

Other common names are Breitblättrige Turgenie , Breitblättrige Haftdolde , Klettendolde , Turgenie , Gemeiner Heckenkerbel and Breitblättrige Klettendolde . In addition, the common names bed lice ( Schmalkalden ) and pubic lice ( Fulda ) are regionally recorded .

description

Illustration of the burdock umbel ( Turgenia latifolia ), fruits lower left and right. The flowering plant is the common burdock chervil ( Torilis japonica ), the fruits at the top right belong to the broad-leaved laser herb ( Laserpitium latifolium )
Habit, leaves and inflorescence
Döldchen in detail with flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The Klettendolde is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 40, rarely up to 60 centimeters. The root is thin and spindle-shaped. The stem is furrowed, hairy with very short bristles and covered in the upper part by longer hair.

The leaves are simply pinnate or pinnate. The leaf sheaths are elongated and have a white, short-haired skin edge. Each sheet usually has four sheet sections facing each other. The feathers are lanceolate to ovate, 15 to 50 millimeters long, serrate to pinnate. The leaf sections are serrated and these teeth have an attached, yellow tip. The underside of the leaf is hairy to protrude and often ciliate at the edges. The lower leaves are stalked, the upper ones sitting on their leaf sheaths.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in Switzerland extends from June to August. The long-stalked double-gold inflorescence has two to five bristle rays. The two to five bracts and the five to seven bracts are ovate-lanceolate to oval and have very broad skin margins. The edge of the skin is as wide or wider than the green central part. The döldchen contain only a few flowers.

The hermaphroditic flowers have a double flower envelope . The sepals are lanceolate. The white, pink or brown-red petals are about 5 millimeters long and have two lobes. The inner flowers are male and long-stalked. The three to five outer flowers are hermaphroditic, short-stalked and radiant. This radiance, which can be observed in a number of umbellifers, means that the petals of the flowers on the outer edge are more developed than those not on the outer edge, so that an overall picture of the umbel appears like a kind of radiance. This can be seen most clearly in the ray broadseed ( Orlaya grandiflora ).

The few short stalked fruits are egg-shaped with a length of 6 to 10 millimeters and a width of up to 7 millimeters. They have ± straight spines in two to three rows.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Herbarium evidence

ecology

The burdock umbel is a therophyte .

The pollination is carried out both by insects or by way of self-pollination . The diaspores spread by Velcro .

Occurrence

Turgenia latifolia is widespread from North Africa , South, Central and Eastern Europe through West Asia , the Caucasus , Central Asia , India , Pakistan to Xinjiang . It occurs in the meridional and southern temperate sub-zone.

In southern Germany the Turgenie is an archaeophyte . In northern Germany it is considered a neophyte and was discovered there in 1888. In Germany it is considered critically endangered.

The Turgenie thrives in Central Europe best on skeletal , extensively managed limestone fields . It is a character species of the Caucalido-Scandicetum from the association Caucalidion lappulae.

Systematics

The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Tordylium latifolium by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. was published by Georg Franz Hoffmann . Another synonym for Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. is Caucalis latifolia (L.) L. The specific epithet latifolia means broad-leaved. The generic name Turgenia honors the Russian historian Alexander Iwanowitsch Turgeneff (1784-1845).

Turgenia latifolia is the only species in the genus Turgenia Hoffm. from the Untertribus Torilidinae of the tribe Scandiceae in the subfamily Apioideae within the family Apiaceae .

literature

  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 , pp. 341 .
  • Vernon Hilton Heywood : Turgenia Hoffm. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 372 (English, limited preview in Google Book search). (Section description)
  • Albert Thellt in Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume V.2. Reprint of the 1st edition. Munich 1965, pages 1064-1066.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Kästner, Eckehart J. Jäger, R. Schubert: Handbook of the Segetal Plants of Central Europe. Springer, 2001, ISBN 978-3-7091-6246-0 ( Turgenia on p. 544 in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm., Breitblättrige Turgenie. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 85. ( online ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Turgenia latifolia (L.) Hoffm. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  5. ^ A b c d Vernon Hilton Heywood : Turgenia Hoffm. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp.  372 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  704 .
  7. ↑ Turgenia latifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. : Datasheet In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  9. ^ A b c Turgenia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  10. ↑ a b Günther Blaich: data sheet with photos.
  11. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. online.

Web links

Commons : Turgenie ( Turgenia latifolia )  - album containing pictures, videos and audio files