Buchenau (Creuzburg Office)

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Buchenau
Municipality of Creuzburg
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 22 ″  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 26 ″  E
Height : 193 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : April 9, 1994
Incorporated into: Mihla
Postal code : 99831
Area code : 036924
The estate in Buchenau 2013
The estate in Buchenau 2013

Buchenau is a district of the city of Amt Creuzburg in the Wartburg district in Thuringia . The formerly independent municipality has been part of the Mihla municipality since 1994 . On December 31, 2019, Buchenau and Mihla were incorporated as districts into the city of Amt Creuzburg. In addition to Buchenau, the Buchenau district also includes the small settlements Freitagszella and Hahnroda . As early as the 1960s, the small settlement Ebenau , which originally belonged to the municipality of Buchenau, was annexed to the city of Creuzburg ; the Eschenborn farms near Ebenau and Mihlberg south of Hahnroda were closed in the 1960s.

location

Former community seal

Buchenau is about 4.5 km west of Mihla on the banks of the Werra in the area of the Werra breakthrough valley between Creuzburg and Mihla .

The small settlement Hahnroda , originally a single farm, is 3.2 km west of Mihla. The court Friday Zella is located about 2.8 km west from Mihla on the left bank of the Werra.

Community seal

The community seal used from 1950 to 1956 shows a stylized brine winding tower.

history

Buchenau
Buchenau estate

The area between Creuzburg and Mihla was already settled during the Bronze Age. This is evidenced by two burial grounds in the woods near Freitagszella and south of Scherbda. Three stone axes found during fieldwork near the Hahnroda manor could have been deposited by roaming hunters as early as the Neolithic Age. The legend of the Buchenau stone cross reports the presence of Saint Boniface , but this cannot be proven. The small settlements and farms that arose along the Werra in the Middle Ages were parished to Creuzburg and were mostly owned by the St. Jakob nunnery in Creuzburg . Freitagzella was an independent provost house. Hahnroda was first mentioned in a document in 1197, Buchenau not until 1412. After the secularization , Creuzburg nobles, patricians and other wealthy people acquired these goods. Initially, Ebenau was the most important place and residence of the village mayor. In 1879, based on the population census of 1875, statistical information was published, which most clearly shows the economic potential of the respective districts:

Buchenau : 6 houses with 45 inhabitants. The size of the field was 160.38 ha of which farms and gardens 2.6 ha, meadows 8.0 ha, arable land 113.9 ha. Forests 14.9 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 10.3 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 10.9 hectares.

Ebenau : 6 houses with 33 inhabitants. The size of the field was 93.05 ha, of which courtyards and gardens 3.6 ha, meadows 12.4 ha, arable land 48.5 ha. Forests 21.0 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.01 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 7.2 hectares.

Hahnroda : 1 house with 16 residents. The size of the field was 91.19 ha, of which courtyards and gardens 1.6 ha, meadows 4.7 ha, arable land 81.2 ha. Forest 0.4 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.01 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 3.1 hectares.

Friday cell : 4 houses with 18 residents. The size of the field was 123.1 ha, of which farms and gardens 1.3 ha, meadows 13.6 ha, arable land 65.3 ha. Forests 31.9 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 3.1 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 7.7 hectares.

Eschenborn : 1 house with 14 residents. The size of the field was 141.2 ha of which farms and gardens 1.8 ha, meadows 0.1 ha, arable land 82.3 ha. Forests 19.0 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.0 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 37.9 ha.

Mihlberg : 2 houses with 14 inhabitants. The size of the field was 74.4 ha of which farms and gardens 1.3 ha, meadows 1.0 ha, arable land 66.2 ha. Forest 3.5 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.1 ha, on paths, drifts , Wasteland and orchards accounted for 2.36 ha. (The low-yield fields and meadows of Mihlberg are currently being afforested.)

The total livestock in all districts was 57 horses, 140 cattle, 1310 sheep, 9 goats and 96 pigs.

Due to an administrative reform in 1922 Ebenau, Buchenau, Eschenborn, Mihlberg and Hahnroda were incorporated into Creuzburg. In 1925 this was partially reversed. The municipality of Buchenau has now been upgraded to an independent place. With this return, a considerable piece of forest remained on the northern side of the valley and the riverbank meadows as an exclave of the Creuzburg district (corridor 15), this also means that the six Buchenau residential buildings built here along the road to Mihla were still formally part of Creuzburg according to their location . This fact was only unraveled during the last territorial reform.

During the Second World War , around 100 Soviet, Polish and Serbian forced laborers were used for forced labor at Deutsche Solvaywerke AG and housed in the Buchenau community camp, among other places.

Buchenau received the highest number of inhabitants after the end of the Second World War - 242 inhabitants - in addition to numerous refugees and displaced persons, many homeless people from Creuzburg also tried to find emergency accommodation in the neighboring town, as their town had been badly destroyed at the end of the war. In 1962 another administrative reform resulted in the incorporation of Ebenau and Eschenborn into Creuzburg; Mihlberg also belonged to Creuzburg, these two districts were abandoned a few months later. The last municipal reform in 1994 led to the incorporation of Buchenau, Hahnroda and Freitagzella into the neighboring town of Mihla to the east.

In October 1968, production at the Buchenau soda plant ended, and with it the rail traffic between Wartha and Mihla. The still intact railway bridge over the Werra near Ebenau was blown up in August 1980 with the help of Soviet pioneers and the superstructures removed. The office buildings were made available to the Eisenach automobile plant , which was able to set up a development department there. The former sedimentation and clarification basin in Habichtstal has been preserved as a problematic legacy. After the reunification, the Buchenau district in particular continued to develop as a commercial location. The renewed Werra bridge from Buchenau was opened to traffic in 1998.

In 1994 the previously independent municipality of Buchenau was dissolved and incorporated into the municipality of Mihla. With the formation of the City of Creuzburg, Buchenau became its district.

Attractions

Listed pedestrian bridge
  • A relic of the Solvay plant is a pedestrian bridge over the Werra, built as a pipe bridge in the 1920s. It is a listed building and provides a walking connection to the local bus stop on the north bank of the Werra. The bridge, which has become the property of the community, is in great need of renovation; the financing of a repair is currently (as of 2019) not secured.
  • On the left bank of the Werra you will find the Bonifatiuskreuz - a large-format medieval stone cross .
  • Above Freitagszella you come across the last remains of a Bronze Age burial ground at the edge of the forest. Rare orchids grow there in summer .

Economy and Infrastructure

Characteristic of the townscape: the ATP plant not far from the Werra

Around 1905 the construction of the Schwebda – Wartha railway began , which connected Buchenau with Eisenach , Creuzburg, Mihla, Treffurt , Wanfried and Eschwege and which, after it was put into operation in 1907, marked the rise of Buchenau to an industrial location. From 1915 on, Buchenau also had a breakpoint, initially about one kilometer from the village together with Ebenau. The hope of industrialization was nourished from 1910 by the preparation of the establishment of a potash mine and the settlement of the Werrawerke , which wanted to build a soda factory here. This went into operation in 1927, but was immediately sold to Solvay AG ; the Solvay plant (Buchenau) was created . A pipe bridge was built to feed the brine from a source on the other side of the Werra, which also served as a pedestrian bridge. The Solvay plant was nationalized in the GDR as VEB Sodafabrik Buchenau . On the factory premises, which also included the quarries near Ebenau that reached into the urban area of ​​Creuzburg and some mining dumps, soda was produced using a process patented by Solvay , for which the deep potash deposits were also drilled and loosened with Werra water. The few parts of the soda factory that were still in operation were closed after the reunification and peaceful revolution in the GDR , as was part of the Eisenach automobile plant that was located in Buchenau during the GDR era . Only the quarry continued to operate until the end of 2013 and the site was then renatured.

The Buchenau industrial park on the eastern outskirts of Buchenau emerged from the soda factory . In 1998 it had a total area of ​​18 ha (as of 1998). The largest company and employer in town is now ATP ALLTAPE Klebetechnik GmbH.

Because of the demolition of the Werra bridges at Mihla, Frankenroda and Falken at the end of the Second World War and the subsequent demarcation at Treffurt, rail traffic was only possible as far as Mihla from 1945 onwards. Passenger traffic between Mihla and Wartha via Creuzburg was discontinued in 1962, freight traffic in 1969. The railway line was expanded as a cycle path and is now one of the most popular sections of the Werra Valley cycle path .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thuringian law on the voluntary reorganization of municipalities belonging to the district in 2019 and on the adjustment of court organizational regulations in Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 11/2019 of October 18, 2019, p. 385 ff., Accessed on October 23, 2019
  2. ^ Ortschronist: Of mayors and municipal seals. In: Werratal-Bote. Bulletin of the administrative community Creuzburg and the administrative community Mihla. 17 yrs. Number 03 of January 20, 2006, p. 16.
  3. ↑ NN: The finds from Friday cell. In: Thüringische Landeszeitung. Local website Eisenach from August 2, 1963
  4. ↑ a b local chronicle: historical outline of Buchenau. In: Werratal-Bote. Bulletin of the administrative community Creuzburg and the administrative community Mihla. 10 yrs. Number 18 of May 14, 1999, p. 14.
  5. ^ C. Kronfeld: Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . Second part. Weimar 1879. pp. 34f.
  6. ↑ - Corridor overview map for the district WAK
  7. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3- 88864-343-0
  8. ^ Rainer Lämmerhirt : The Werratal Railway 1907-1969, Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza, ISBN 9783938997949 , page 88
  9. ^ Thuringian ordinance on the dissolution of the Buchenau community and its incorporation into the Mihla community of March 25, 1994 (GVBl p. 386)
  10. ↑ Footbridge in Buchenau - what next? , VG Hainich-Werratal, October 22, 2013
  11. ↑ Norman Meißner: Will the blue steel bridge pass the next test? , Thüringer Allgemeine / Eisenacher Allgemeine, August 28, 2019, accessed on January 9, 2020
  12. ^ Rainer Lämmerhirt : Die Werratal-Eisenbahn 1907-1969, Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, ISBN 9783938997949 , page 60ff.
  13. ↑ District Office Wartburgkreis (Ed.) The business location Wartburgkreis - City of Eisenach. Info folder Bad Salzungen / Eisenach 1998. P. 4 ff.

Web links

Commons : Buchenau (Mihla)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files