Lukov Castle
| Lukov Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Gate tower with bridge |
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| Alternative name (s): | Luckow Castle | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Lukov | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 18 '11 " N , 17 ° 44' 22" E | |
| Height: | 515 m nm | |
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The ruins of the Gothic Lukov Castle (German Burg Luckow ) are located in the Hostein Mountains near Lukov in the Czech Republic .
geography
The spur castle is located one and a half kilometers north of Lukov in the south of the Hostein Mountains on a rock spur between the valleys of the Bělovodský potok and Lukovský potok. The Králky nature reserve is located on the southern slope of the Castle Hill.
Surrounding villages are Vlčková in the northeast, Kašava in the east, Velíková in the southeast, Lukov in the south and Vítová in the southwest.
history
The castle hill was probably settled in the early days. During excavations in the southern Zwinger in the 1980s, ceramic remains of the urn field culture from the 8th to 9th centuries BC were found. Found.
The castle was probably built in the 1st half of the 13th century as part of the Moravian fortifications. The first indirect mention was made in 1219 when a castellan was named Bun de Lucowe . In 1235, Lambertus plebanus de Lukov signed a certificate from Queen Konstanze of Hungary as a witness. It is not known when and under what circumstances the once royal castle came to the Lords of Sternberg .
The first secure written evidence came on November 1, 1332 with a certificate issued in Luckow by Zdislav von Sternberg's widow Margarethe, in which she, in agreement with her sons Štěpán, Jaroslav, Albert and Matouš, gave the monastery of St. Klara in Olomouc gave the village of Štarnov as a gift . Around 1334 Margrave Charles IV bought back numerous pledged or sold important castles and estates in Bohemia and Moravia, including the Moravian castle Luckow . As early as 1342 the castle belonged again to the Lords of Sternberg. During this time, Matouš von Sternberg was entrusted with the episcopal estate Holešov . From 1362 Matouš first used the predicate Lukovský and in 1367 also his son Albrecht. After Matouš's death († 1371), Margrave Johann Heinrich transferred the rule of Lukov to his sons Zdeněk and Jan Ješek on April 26, 1372 under the promise of keeping the peace. In the following year, the brothers were registered in the land table as the owners of the common heritage consisting of the Lukov estates and the Holešov feud. The brothers both settled on the indivisible castle, but they divided their common property into two halves, which de facto took on the character of independent rulers, but de juro formed an indivisible rulership. Zdeněk received the Holešover half and Jan Ješek Lukov. On December 10, 1392 Pope Boniface IX was in a document . the St. John in connection with the relics of the Holy Cross located there.
Zdeněk von Sternberg, who was married to Kunka von Kunstadt , fought on the side of Margrave Jobst in the Moravian fratricidal war and with his support, after the Zlín branch of the Sternberg family with the Zlín and Čejkovice lordships, was able to gain most of their property. His brother Ješek initially fought for Jobst, but then moved to the ranks of Prokop . His costly lifestyle and constant feuds led to the decline of his stake. In 1409 he was so in debt that he lost his property, which fell back to the Lukov share.
The next lord of the castle was Zdeněk's son Albrecht von Sternberg, who conquered the castle in 1412. It is not known whether he seized his father's half or regained his uncle's former property. During the 15th century, Matouš von Sternberg was able to gain the remaining Lukov rule from the Holešov family branch. In 1446, after disputes over the inheritance of both family branches, Holešov was separated as an independent rule. During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, the castle was burned down by Matthias Corvinus's troops. Under Matouš's son Albrecht, the castle was rebuilt and expanded into one of the largest complexes in Moravia. During this time, the Johanka bastion was built next to the lower castle. Albrecht von Sternberg engaged his only daughter Ludmila as a child to Smil von Kunstadt while he was still alive. Her guardian Albrecht von Sternberg auf Holešov had the engagement lifted after the death of his eponymous cousin in order to prevent the transfer of the Lukov rule to the lords of Kunstadt. Nevertheless, in 1511 Lukov got to Smil and Wilhelm von Kunstadt in exchange for a compensation payment of 2,600 shock groschen for Ludmila von Sternberg. From these the rule in 1522 passed to the Moravian governor Jan Kuna (II.) Von Kunstadt († 1540). In 1540 his sons Boček, Smil, Jan, Čeněk and Kryštof inherited the property. They sold Lukov in 1547 to the orphans of Zikmund Nekeš von Landek, who were under the tutelage of Bishop Johannes Dubravius and Přemek von Víckov. After reaching the age of majority, Přemek and Jan Nekeš took over the lords of Lukov and Vsetín together in 1557 . After 1568 Zikmund and Václav Nekeš shared the property, the latter receiving Lukov. Under the Nekeš von Landek family, the castle was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. Since Václav Nekeš remained childless despite three marriages, after his death in 1607 Zikmund's only daughter Lukrecia became the lifelong owner of the lords of Lukov, Vsetín and Rymice , with Lukov and the Přílepy estate after Václav Nekeš's testament after Lukrecia's death to the lords of Víckov should. The Catholic Lukrecia had been married to the Protestant Arkle von Víckov since 1598, who died in the autumn of 1608. The now widowed Lukrecia married Albrecht von Waldstein in May 1609 . She died in 1614 and according to her last wish, Waldstein founded a Carthusian monastery in Štípa in 1616 . However, he kept the Lukov reign in breach of the will of Václav Nekeš.
After Waldstein switched to Ferdinand II's side during the uprising of the estates in 1619 , the Moravian estates confiscated all of his property in the same year and placed them under the administration of the Directory . A little later, Jan Adam von Víckov, who was also the legal heir of Lukov, received rule from the estate directorate as compensation for the damage caused by the imperial troops on his estates in Čejkovice and Boleradice . After the battle of the White Mountain , Jan Adam von Víckov, who had belonged to the court of Frederick V , fled abroad. His property was confiscated and the Lukov reign was returned to Albrecht von Waldstein. Shortly afterwards, in the winter of 1620/21, insurgent Wallachians conquered and occupied Lukov; later they also took the Malenovice castle and Vizovice , Zlín and Meziříčí . In 1621 Johann Georg von Jägerndorf besieged Lukov during his autumn campaign after taking Hranice , Helfštýn , Příbor , Holešov and Kelč . Since Johann Georg did not manage to win the support of Gábor Bethlen , the army, in which Jan Adam von Víckov also fought, had to withdraw from Moravia. In 1625 Waldstein ceded the rule to the emperor, who handed it over to his Viennese courtier Stephan Schmidt von Freihofen as compensation for his claims against the court chamber. In the same year Johann Amos Comenius stayed as a guest with Schmidt, who tried to reconcile the two political camps. On September 30, 1626, Jan Adam von Víckov besieged Lukov again with 200 Danish musketeers and about the same number of Wallachians who had joined the troops, and Schmidt surrendered the castle to him without a fight. In mid-October 1627, the imperial family under Baltasar von Marradas recaptured the castle. Jan Adam von Víckov probably fell there. In 1630 the Protestant Stephan Schmidt chose to go into exile because he was on the emperor's side but was not willing to convert to Catholicism. He returned to Lukov in autumn 1631 with the express permission of Ferdinand II, where he died in 1632. After his death, Lukov inherited his son-in-law Johann Friedrich Minkwitz von Minkwitzburg , who had already managed the estate during Schmidt's exile. He got into debt more and more and in 1643 left his son Johann Friedrich II in a hopelessly ruined rule. Until his death in 1678 Johann Friedrich II lived with his wife Marie Elisabeth Praschma von Bilkow in the castle, which, however, actually belonged to his creditors. Even his son Johann Friedrich III. they managed to keep the castle for a long time and fend off the claims of the Counts Rottal . In 1710, however, he was forced to sell the rule to Johann Josef von Rottal. He left the Vesela and Klečůvka estates . After moving out of the castle, Johann Friedrich III lived. Minkwitz von Minkwitzburg with his large family on Klečůvka.
His successor led a protracted argument with his subjects about their duties and the amount of the taxes, with which he ultimately failed in court. The lost trial and the still no better economic situation of the rule prompted Johann Josef von Rottal to sell the rule to Johann Friedrich Graf von Seilern- Aspang in 1724 for 200,000 guilders . In 1750 he established the Primogenitur - Fideikommiss Lukov- Kralice , which his son Christian August von Seilern inherited the following year. The castle, which had only served as the seat of the manorial administration since the last Minkwitz moved out, also lost this function when Johann Friedrich von Seilern-Aspang moved the manorial property administration to the village of Lukov in 1750. The last reports of the castle being inhabited come from the years 1787 to 1789. After that, the complex was left to decay.
In 1804 the Lukov Castle was declared derelict. Descriptions from 1861 show that at that time the walls of the lower castle and the Johanka bastion were still preserved. After that, the estate administration began selling the fortifications as building materials. The last seat of the rule was Lešná Castle, completed in 1894 south of Lukov .
In 1990 the civil association Spolek přátel hradu Lukova was founded , which in the same year was one of the founding members of the rebuilt Hnutí Brontosaurus and is trying to preserve the ruins. After extensive security work, the castle has been open to the public again since 2004.