Szembek (noble family)

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Szembek coat of arms

Szembek , formerly also Schembegk , originally Schönbeck , is the name of a noble family that can be traced back to a Krakow city ​​family and, according to Okolski, originally came from the Altmark . Admitted to the imperial nobility in the 16th century, members of the family held numerous high secular and ecclesiastical offices, especially under the Saxon kings of Poland . One branch was included in the Prussian counts at the beginning of the 19th century .

history

The Dominican Szymon Okolski (1560–1653) indicates the line of tribe of the family (1643) up to Peter Schönbegk, the councilor at the court of Maximilian I (1508–1519) and married to Margaretha von Schleinitz . Furthermore, the family is traced back to Heinrich von Schönbegk without specifying the lineage, whose privilege is reproduced verbatim by Emperor Heinrich VII in Florence on February 8, 1313. According to Okolski, Peter's grandson Bartholomäus Schönbegk (II) came to Poland with the Brandenburg embassy, ​​where he remained “impressed by the loveliness of the area”. He was registered as a lay judge in Krakow in 1557 and was given the Polish indigenous status by King Sigismund II August in Warsaw on July 25, 1566 . The document is also printed in full at Okolski. His sons Bartholomaeus, Niclas, Stanislaus and Johann Schembegk were accepted into the imperial nobility in Prague in 1579 with an improvement in their coat of arms.

The son of Stanislaus Szembek and Anna Amend was Franz Szembek († 1693), castellan of Cracow and Starost of Biecz . He was also the founder of the church in Zieliec and owned property in Proszowice. Franz Szembek married Sofia Pieniazek († 1671). Sons from this marriage were the two Polish-Lithuanian primasses and archbishops of Gniezno , Stanislaus (* 1650 - † 1721) and Christoph Anton Szembek (* 1667 - † 1748), Stefan Przeclaw Szembek castellan in Wojnicz and governor in Biecz, Michael Szembek ( * 1661 † 1726) auxiliary bishop in Cracow . From the second marriage of the governor Franz Szembek to Barbara Anna Rupniowską († 1706) comes Jan Sebastian Szembek († 8 April 1731) governor of Łomża , Ludwik Szembek priest and canon of Cracow, Franciszek Antoni Szembek, governor of Biecz, Christoph Andreas Johann Szembek (* 1680; † 1740), bishop of Chelm , Przemyśl , Warmia , Aleksander Kazimierz Szembek, governor of Sieradz and Biecz.

Alexander Szembek was a landowner on Sól , Nieledwia and Szare in the Saybusch district and was a royal Polish adjutant general . As a knight of Słupow he received legitimation at the Galician country table in 1782 , and Ignaz Szembek received the same status as district hunter in the Duchy of Auschwitz in 1784 .

From the late 18th century, the family also owned the Poręba Żegoty estate, where they built a palace.

Peter von Szembek (* 1788, † 1866), royal Polish General a. D. , and a little later his father Ignaz von Szembek, landowner on Siemianice in the Posen district , were appointed Prussian counts in Berlin in 1816 .

The younger Peter Graf von Szembek (* 1845, † 1896) inherited the manor Siemianice near Opatów and was a member of the German Reichstag for the Polish parliamentary group .

Włodzimierz Graf Szembek (* 1883; † 1942) was a Polish religious priest and a victim of National Socialism . The Roman Catholic Church honors him as Venerable Servant of God .

Coat of arms variant Szembek (Schönbeck)
Miasteczko Krajeńskie coat of arms

coat of arms

The coat of arms is described, interpreted and depicted for the first time by Okolski (1643). It shows a shield divided by a golden oblique right bar of blue and red covered with three red roses, the oblique bar above and below each accompanied by a jumping silver goat; on the helmet with blue and gold covers, the goat between open flights covered with a rose on both sides. According to the description, the Boch is an ibex (ibex), while the illustration seems to show a billy goat, which the allegorical interpretation at the end of Okolski's text speaks of. The same coat of arms is shown in the Grafendiplom of 1816 with the difference that the flights are now covered with the sloping beam and the three roses of the shield.

Significant namesake

  • Primate Archbishop Stanislaus Szembek
    (* 1650; † 1721)

  • Primate Archbishop Christoph Anton Szembek
    (* 1667; † 1748)

  • Bishop Józef Eustachy Szembek,
    (* 1697; † 1759)

  • Governor Jan Sebastian Szembek
    († 1731)

  • General Peter Graf von Szembek
    (* 1788; † 1866)

  • Minister Jan Włodzimierz Count Szembek
    (* 1881 - † 1945)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg , Early Modern Nations in Eastern Europe: Polish Historical Thought and the Range of a Humanistic National History (1500–1700) , Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-447-05370-9 , p.552