Schönebeck (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of those of Schönebeck

von Schönebeck , formerly also Schönbeck , is the name of an originally Altmark patrician and aristocratic family that has been recorded in Stendal since the 15th century .

Origins

The origin of this family (Schönebeck = Niederdt. Schönbach) is unknown. The name appears more often in different parts of Germany. After Hellbach (1826) she built the previous building of Groß Schönebeck Castle in Schorfheide and founded the town of Schönebeck in Magdeburg, first mentioned in 1223 . According to Götze (1873), however, like many Stendal families, it derived its name from surrounding places of origin.

According to the records (1643) of the Dominican Szymon Okolski (1560-1653), Gerlach Schönbegk was ennobled by Charlemagne of Aachen for his services in the fight against the Saxons. Okolski names Heinrich and Friedrich Schönbegk as Gerlach's descendants, whose noble privileges he reproduces verbatim, one from Emperor Heinrich VII , Florence on February 8, 1313, the other from Emperor Karl IV. , Prague on September 5, 1355. In the document from In 1313 it is said that "the noble Heinrich von Schonbegk" ( Nobilis Henricus de Schonbegk ), although his ancestors had been awarded "with title, coat of arms and military equipment" by the emperors for 500 years, out of special favor and because of his merits is raised to the knighthood ( insignitum & in Equitem creatum ). Okolski then gives the line-up of the family from Peter (I) Schönbegk, who was councilor at the court of Maximilian I in Tyrol and was married to Margaretha von Schleinitz . According to Okolski, his four sons Peter (II), Heinrich, Eduard and Bartholomäus (I) lived in different countries. From them Peter (II) went to Danzig, Heinrich stayed in Tyrol, Eduard moved back to his Brandenburg homeland, and Bartholomäus (I) was captain ( rothmagister ) in Stendal at the beginning of the 16th century , where he had sons Bartholomäus (II) and Heinrich fathered. According to Okolski, Bartholomäus (II) became the progenitor of the Polish line ( Szembek ). In 1562 Heinrich was among the nobles who accompanied Elector Joachim II to the coronation of Emperor Maximilian II in Frankfurt am Main.

Johann Friedrich Gauhe names the family “Schönbeck” in his Genealogical-Historical Adelslexikon (1719): “One of the oldest and most handsome noble houses in the Marck Brandenburg.” This representation was adopted in Zedler's Lexicon (1742). The ancestry of today's numerous descendants can only be documented to Jakob (I) Schönbeck, who was born around 1455 and buried in the cemetery of Stendal Cathedral in 1529 . He was the great-grandfather of Bartholomäus Schönebeck (IV). The exact relationship between the line of Jakob (I) and that of Peter Schönbegk, who is about the same age and named by Okolski, has not yet been proven.

The Schoenebeck led in the Middle Ages and later by many noble families, including the relatives the Goldbeck or Bismarck , usually no title of nobility "of". Numerous conjugal connections with families of the knighthood are a sign that they were considered to be of the same class. Anna, a daughter of Claus Schönebeck, married Heinrich (II) von Klötze in Stendal around 1530, from a small and poor noble family that can be traced back to Klötze in the Altmark district of Salzwedel and which died out in 1629. Further marital connections existed with the von Goldbeck and von Krusemark families .

Later nobility lexicons such as Ledebur (1865), Kneschke (1868) and Siebmacher's Wappenbuch (1878) passed over the documents mentioned by Okolski and limited the dating of the nobility to the admission of Carl von Schönbeck and his descendants to the imperial nobility on March 1, 1686 , which was confirmed by the Elector of Brandenburg on January 26, 1691.

The Schönebeck had been active as merchants and councilors in Stendal since the 16th century . In the lists of councilmen in Stendal, which go back to 1233, Claus (I) Schönebeck (approx. 1470 - approx. 1542) is the first member of the family in the council in 1511. In 1543, the chapter of St. Nicholas in Stendal accepted Stephan Schönebeck as the new treasurer of the monastery. The last Schönebeck who belonged to the Stendal Council was Benedikt Schönebeck (1597–1665). Around the middle of the 17th century the family gave up their business activities and from then on held higher civil servant positions in the Brandenburg-Prussian state. In the 18th century the Altmark line became extinct in the male line.

In the Neumark on Cammin, Dölzig , Mohrin and Ringenwalde north of Küstrin , a noble family von Schönbeck can be traced since 1540 at the latest, from that of Hellbach and Kneschke u. a. because of the similarity of the coat of arms, it is assumed that it is related to the Altmark family. From this clan, Claus von Schönbeck was court marshal to Margrave Johann . According to Siebmacher (1703) a branch was located in Pomerania. In the 19th century the Neumark line died out.

coat of arms

Family coat of arms in the Book of Arms of the Prussian Monarchy (1846)

In the family coat of arms of the Neumark line, which, according to Siebmacher (1880), existed as early as 1456, two crowned naked women's bodies are depicted in a stream (the "Schönbeck"). The lower half of the shield was designed differently. In the Siebmacher from 1880, in addition to the coat of arms with the lilies described below, a variant is shown that shows two clad, growing virgins over a half-shield that has been divided five times. On the helmet one of the virgins as in the shield. Kneschke (1868) describes two variants, Siebmacher (1906) shows three variants of this coat of arms, including one from 1610 and one from 1630.

In the coat of arms of the Altmark family, the "beautiful stream" is depicted in the lawn in the lower crossbar. In the middle is a lowered golden crossbar, the top crossbar is split into blue and silver, in it are two lilies of alternating colors (blue and silver), on the puffed helmet is one of the lilies between two buffalo horns. This coat of arms, as it can be seen for the first time on the corpse stone of Bartholomäus Schönebeck (1605), was improved during the ennoblement in 1686 and is described in detail in the nobility diploma. In the version of 1686 it is depicted and described by Tyroff (1846) and Siebmacher (1878) as the coat of arms of the nobility. The lilies are possibly a substitute for the previously used women's hulls.

Personalities

To be emphasized are among others:

Schönbeck Foundation

In 1607 the so-called Schönbeck Foundation was founded in Stendal, which still exists today at the Stendal parish.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jiří Fajt, Wilfried Franzen, Peter Knüvener (eds.), Die Altmark 1300-1600: a cultural region in the field of tension between Magdeburg, Lübeck and Berlin (2011), p. 393
  2. ↑ Götze 1873, p. 263
  3. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg , Early Modern Nations in Eastern Europe: Polish Historical Thought and the Range of a Humanistic National History (1500–1700) , Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-447-05370-9 , p.552
  4. ^ Andreas Angelus: Annales Marchiae, Frankfurt / Oder 1598, p. 361
  5. ↑ Joachim Stephan recently pointed out the "unclear boundaries between the nobility and bourgeoisie in the Altmark" and describes "a separate investigation of the nobility and the patriciate in the late Middle Ages (as not useful) for the Land of Stendal." (P. 136f.)
  6. ↑ Noble diploma of Emperor Leopold I and confirmation by Friedrich III. BLHA, Rep. 78 II p 69
  7. ↑ Götze 1873, p. 392
  8. ^ Germania Sacra New Volume 49, The Dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Province of Mainz. The Halberstadt Diocese 1. St. Nikolaus Abbey in Stendal , edited by Christian Popp, Berlin 2007, p. 39
  9. ↑ BLHA Rep. 78 II S 68; Rep. 23 B 1188
  10. ^ Johann Siebmacher: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms . Volume 6, Section 5: The Dead Nobility of the Province and Mark Brandenburg. Nuremberg 1880, p. 83, plate 50
  11. ↑ See also Florian Seiffert, Marienkirche in Stendal: Die Grabkapelle Schönebeck - Salzwedel (2013)