Calcium gluconate

Structural formula
	Structural formula without crystal water
General
Surname	Calcium gluconate monohydrate
other names	CALCIUM GLUCONATE ( INCI ) ; E 578;
Molecular formula	C 12 H 22 CaO 14 • H 2 O
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	206-075-8
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.524
PubChem	9290
ChemSpider	8932
DrugBank	DB11126
Wikidata	Q413739
Drug information
ATC code	A12 AA03 ; D11 AX03 ;
properties
Molar mass	448.39 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	178 ° C
solubility	30 g l −1 in water (20 ° C)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid .

Calcium gluconate is used as an acid regulator in the chemical industry but also in the food industry. It is added to foods as a complexing agent , acid regulator or stabilizer . It is generally approved in the EU as a food additive with the designation E 578 without maximum quantity restriction ( quantum satis ) for foodstuffs.

Because of its good absorption properties , calcium gluconate is u. a. in the form of the more soluble double salt calcium lactate gluconate component of many calcium preparations and is used in diet foods. Calcium gluconate has a calcium content of 9% and a solubility in water of 35 g / L at 25 ° C. Another area of application is as a so-called flow aid .

In emergency medicine calcium gluconate is used as an antidote used. For example, it is used locally for chemical burns and systemically for poisoning with the very toxic and caustic hydrofluoric acid or hydrogen fluoride (HF) and fluorides . Calcium ions (Ca ²⁺ ), which are present in an aqueous calcium gluconate solution , are an effective component of this. The calcium ions combine with the free fluoride ions (F ^- ) in the body, which are responsible for the harmful effects of hydrofluoric acid, to form insoluble calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ) and thus render them harmless. Calcium gluconate also ensures that the calcium level, which has fallen due to the reaction of the body's own calcium with fluoride ions, returns to normal. If necessary, other calcium-containing agents can also be administered as first aid; For example, it can help to drink milk to inhibit the absorption of the fluoride ions. Calcium gluconate is an antidote of magnesium , which is why it should be kept ready when magnesium is administered intravenously.

In veterinary medicine , calcium gluconate is mostly used to treat hypocalcemic conditions . These occur particularly often in acute form in dairy cows around the time of birth and are then referred to as milk fever , calf fever or childbirth palsy.

For the prevention of osteoporosis an increased wearing calcium uptake of about 1 g / day in (base therapy DVO ).

Calcium gluconate is also used for the immediate treatment of hyperkalaemia in order to counteract the K ⁺ -related depolarization, especially in the heart. The contraindications, hypercalcemia and therapy with cardiac glycosides must be observed. The dosage is 10 ml calcium gluconate 10%, the effect is short-term (30 minutes).

Individual evidence

↑ Entry on CALCIUM GLUCONATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on December 28, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Calcium gluconate data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.

↑ Entry on hydrofluoric acid. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 13, 2013.

↑ Entry on fluoride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 13, 2013.

↑ Jürgen Stein (Hrsg.): Praxishandbuch clinical nutrition and infusion therapy. Springer 2003, ISBN 978-3-642-55896-2 , p. 120, limited preview in the Google book search.

↑ Magnesium Verla® iv 50% infusion solution concentrate patienteninfo-service.de accessed on August 2, 2018.

↑ Internal Medicine - Herold - Chapter Hyperkalaemia.

[CosIng-1] Entry on CALCIUM GLUCONATE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on December 28, 2019.

[Merck-2] Calcium gluconate data sheet (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.

[roemppHF-3] Entry on hydrofluoric acid. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 13, 2013.

[roemppFL-4] Entry on fluoride. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 13, 2013.

[Jürgen_Stein-5] Jürgen Stein (Hrsg.): Praxishandbuch clinical nutrition and infusion therapy. Springer 2003, ISBN 978-3-642-55896-2 , p. 120, limited preview in the Google book search.

[6] Magnesium Verla® iv 50% infusion solution concentrate patienteninfo-service.de accessed on August 2, 2018.

[7] Internal Medicine - Herold - Chapter Hyperkalaemia.