Campo (Vallemaggia)

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Campo (Vallemaggia)
Coat of arms of Campo (Vallemaggia)
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Vallemaggia districtw
Circle : Rovana district
BFS no. : 5307i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 6684
Coordinates : 681 404  /  127 057 coordinates: 46 ° 17 '24 "  N , 8 ° 29' 42"  O ; CH1903:  681,404  /  one hundred and twenty-seven thousand and fifty-seven
Height : 1314  m above sea level M.
Height range : 824–2791 m above sea level M.
Area : 43.30  km²
Residents: 53 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 1 inhabitant per km²
Campo (Vallemaggia)

Campo (Vallemaggia)

Location of the municipality
Griessee (Schweiz) Lago die Sabbione Lago Vannino Lago di Morasco Lago Toggia Lago Castel Lago Busin Inferiore Lago di Dévero Lago di Agáro Lago dei Cavagnöö Lago Sfundau Lago di Robiei Lago Bianco TI Lago Nero Lago del Zött Laghetti d'Antabia Lago del Narèt Lago del Sambuco Lago Ritóm Lago Tremorgio Lago di Morghirolo Lago di Mognòla Lago di Tomè Lago Barone Lago di Vogorno Lago Maggiore Italien Kanton Uri Kanton Wallis Bezirk Blenio Bezirk Leventina Bezirk Locarno Lavizzara Avegno-Gordevio Maggia TI Bosco/Gurin Campo (Vallemaggia) Cerentino Cevio LinescioMap of Campo (Vallemaggia)
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Campo Vallemaggia

Campo (Vallemaggia) , in the alpine Lombard local dialect Chièmp [kjɛmp] , is a municipality in the county Rovana , vallemaggia , the Swiss canton of Ticino . The high plateau of the municipality is washed away by the continuously deepening river bed of the Rovana .

geography

The municipality is located in the Val di Campo at 1314 m above sea level. M., 26 km northwest of Locarno . The northern border to Bosco / Gurin leads along the ridges of a mountain range. The westernmost point of this chain is the Madone / Batnall (2748 m above sea level), the easternmost point is the Pizzo Bombögn (2289 m above sea level). The western border with Val Formazza is also the national border with Italy . It leads from Madone / Batnall over to Pizzo Quadro (2793 m above sea level), then divides the upper part of the Val di Campo in a south-easterly direction , goes in a south-westerly direction to Pizzo di Porcaresc (2467 m above sea level) and turns then off to the east. The easternmost point is the Pizzo Molinera (2292 m above sea level).

The entire southern border is also the district border (Distretto di Vallemaggia / Distretto di Locarno) and mostly leads along ridges of mountains. From the latter mountain, it goes shortly to the northeast to Pizzo Alzasca (2262 m above sea level), then west to Pizzo Mezzodì and from there in a northwest direction back to Pizzo Bombögn . In the southern part of the mountains there are four small lakes: Lago dei Pozzöi (1955 m above sea level), Lago gelato (2155 m above sea level), Lago di Sfii (1909 m above sea level) and Lago del Pezz (1979 m above sea level).

The main stream is the Rovana , which arises from the merger of the Ri di Sfii (rises in the south of the municipality) and the Rio Colobiasca (rises in the west of the municipality). The river bed, which has been deepening steadily since the 19th century, is a major threat to the settlement. Likewise, it is the fact that rainwater can accumulate underground on a water-impermeable layer and set masses of earth in motion, causing a terrace to slide.

Settlements

There are numerous groups of houses and individual farmsteads in the community. The largest settlements are Pianelli (an amalgamation of several Alps; 1.1 km southwest of Campo), Cimalmotto (1405 m above sea level; 800 m southwest of Campo), Campo (Vallemaggia) (1281–1311 m above sea level; an amalgamation of several hamlets), Piano di Campo (1187 m above sea level; 1.7 km east of Campo) and Niva (above the stream of the same name; 1073 m above sea level; 2.8 km east of Campo). All of these settlements are north of the Rovana .

Of the entire municipal area of ​​over 43 km², 44.3% is covered by forest and wood and 41.5% is unproductive area (mountains and lakes). After all, 13.3% of the municipal area can be used for agriculture. Another 0.8% of the municipal area is settlement area.

A significant part of the territory suffers from earth displacement. the Church of Campo had slid 30 meters down the valley in 1858; the first houses in the mountain village had to be abandoned. By 1950, the steeple had moved another 23 meters towards the slope, and the church sagged by almost 6 meters.

Neighboring communities on the Ticino side are Bosco / Gurin , Cerentino , Maggia and Onsernone (until April 9, 2016 Vergeletto ) and Formazza on Italian territory .

history

The Campotal, formerly called the Cevio Valley, must have formed a single vicinanza (neighborhood); later the communities of Campo, Cimalmotto and Niva were formed. In the late Middle Ages, Campo was a settlement of considerable size. In the 15th century, the village formed the Roana superior with Cevio , Bignasco and Cavergno , probably a special administrative district. Around 1700 the villages of the Val Rovana were rich and wealthy Ticino families moved into its seclusion. Famous families such as the Pedrazzini, Porta, Pontoni and Fabri are rooted here.

Since the Middle Ages, Campo has been arguing with the neighboring Italian town of Crodo in the Ossola Valley about the Cravairola alpine region at the back of the valley. Only on September 23, 1874, the territory was finally assigned to Italy under the so-called Cravairola Decision on the basis of the arbitration award of the envoy of the United States of America .

As early as the 17th and 18th centuries, many people emigrated to Germany and Italy because there were too few jobs and settlement areas for all residents. Therefore, the number of inhabitants halved between 1683 and 1801 (1683–1801: –51.2%). In the first half of the 19th century, Cimalmotto and Niva were reunited with Campo. The population stabilized by 1850 before the great mass emigration that lasted until 1990 began. Initially, the destinations were overseas (California and Australia), but many residents also emigrated to other parts of the canton of Ticino. Therefore, between 1683 and 1990 the population decreased by 95.6%, which is the highest value of all Ticino municipalities.

The small upswing in the 1990s has already slowed down again.

population

Population development
year 1683 1801 1850 1888 1900 1930 1950 1970 1990 2000 2004 2010 2018
Residents 1,067 521 506 358 291 201 182 95 47 58 56 49 53

languages

The population speaks the local Alpine Lombard dialect of Italian. At the last census in 2000, 89.66% said their main language was Italian, 8.62% German and 1.72% English.

Religions - denominations

In earlier times all residents were members of the Roman Catholic Church. Today (as of 2000) 81.03% are Roman Catholic and 8.62% Protestant Reformed Christians. 5.17% are non-denominational; another 5.17% of the population gave no information about their religious community.

Origin - nationality

Of the 56 inhabitants at the end of 2004, 52 (= 92.86%) were Swiss citizens. At the last census (2000), 86.21% of the population were Swiss citizens, including a dual citizen. With the exception of one Dutch national, all foreigners are from Italy.

politics

The municipal council consists of three people.

economy

The workers who work in Campo mostly work in agricultural professions.

traffic

The community is connected to the public transport network three to four times a day by the postbus line Cevio-Cerentino-Cimalmotto .

Casa Pedrazzini

Attractions

The villagescape of Cimalmotto is classified in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland (ISOS) as a site of national importance in Switzerland.

The following are to be mentioned of individual objects:

  • Parish Church of San Bernardo
  • Palazzi Pedrazzini, built between 1730 and 1749, and Oratory of San Giovanni Battista
  • in the district of Cimalmotto: Parish church Beata Vergine Assunta, first mentioned in 1597, contains freken by the painter Giuseppe Mattia Borgnis (1748)
  • in the district of Niva: Parish Church of San Rocco
  • Shell stones on the Alpe Magnello (1810 m above sea level)

Personalities

  • Filippo Bernardi (* around 1450 in Campo (Vallemaggia); † after 1504 ibid), 1484 military commander in a conflict with the Valais invading the Ossola Valley, 1504 consul of the upper Rovana
  • Guglielmo Andrea Pedrazzini (born October 23, 1756 in Campo (Vallemaggia); † August 8, 1831 probably ibid.), From Campo (Vallemaggia)
  • Francesco Maria Travella (born March 27, 1802 in Campo (Vallemaggia), † between March 1 and March 25, 1854 perhaps in Giubiasco ), pastor, school inspector
  • Antonio Pietro Antonini (* around 1445 in Campo (Vallemaggia); † after 1484 there), military leader.
  • Giovanni and Pietro Antonio Casarotti, architects

photos

  • Oratory of Santa Maria Addolorata

  • Palazzo Pedrazzini

  • Oratory of San Giovanni Battista

  • Oratory of San Giovanni Battista, interior view

  • Via crucis

  • Pizzo Quadro

literature

  • Giovanni Bianconi : Vallemaggia. Edizioni LEMA, Agno 1969, pp. 33-36, 46.
  • Otto Lehmann: The design of the landscape in the area of ​​the large mass accumulations in the municipality of Campo (Valle Maggia). In: Communications of the Geographical-Ethnographic Society. Volume 34, Zurich 1933–1934, pp. 25–74 + 6 plates ( digitized version )
  • Simona Martinoli u. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History . Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, pp. 237, 252-257.
  • Giuseppe Mondada: Commerci e commercianti di Campo Valmaggia nel Settecento. Edizioni del Cantonetto, Pedrazzini Tipografia-Offset, Locarno 1977.
  • Daniela Pauli Falconi: Campo (Vallemaggia). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 12, 2005 , accessed December 29, 2019 .
  • Agostino Robertini, Silvano Toppi, Gian Piero Pedrazzi: Campo Vallemaggia. In: Il Comune. Edizioni Giornale del Popolo, Lugano 1974, pp. 75-90.
  • Martino Signorelli: Storia della Valmaggia. Tipografia Stazione SA, Locarno 1972.
  • Celestino Trezzini : Campo Vallemaggia. In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 2: Brusino - Caux Attinger, Neuchâtel 1924, pp. 482–483 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Campo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 217.
  3. ↑ Val di Campo on ETHorama
  4. ↑ Rovana (river) on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  5. ↑ a b c Villages on the way into the abyss Neue Zürcher Zeitung, August 18, 2002
  6. ↑ Cimal motto on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  7. ^ The Frana (landslide) from Campo Valle Maggia in ethorama.library.ethz.ch (accessed on: April 29, 2016.)
  8. ↑ Did the Rovana in the area of ​​destruction of Campo (District Valle Maggia) deepen its valley by around 70 m within the period from 1858–1892? in ethorama.library.ethz.ch (accessed on: April 29, 2016.)
  9. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Campo (Vallemaggia). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 15, 2005 .
  10. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Campo (Vallemaggia). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 15, 2005 .
  11. ↑ List of sites of national importance , directory on the website of the Federal Office of Culture (BAK), accessed on January 10, 2018.
  12. ↑ a b c d Simona Martinoli u. a .: Guida d'arte della Svizzera italiana. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Edizioni Casagrande, Bellinzona 2007, ISBN 978-88-7713-482-0 , pp. 255-258.
  13. ↑ Parish Church of San Bernardo abate on portal.dnb.de (accessed on January 7, 2017).
  14. ^ Palazzi Pedrazzini and Oratorio San Giovanni Battista
  15. ^ Franco Binda: Il mistero delle incisioni. Armando Dadò editore, Locarno 2013, p. 52.
  16. ↑ Celstino Trezzini : Filippo Bernardi. In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume II, p. 185 ( digitized version ; accessed on June 17, 2017).
  17. ↑ Alessandra Maffioli: Filippo Bernardi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . December 1, 2008 , accessed April 7, 2020 .
  18. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Guglielmo Andrea Pedrazzini. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 24, 2010 , accessed December 28, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Alessandro Martini: Travella, Francesco Maria. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 7, 2014 .
  20. ↑ Francesco Maria Travella on theaterwissenschaft.ch (accessed September 30, 2016).
  21. ↑ Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume I, p. 391 ( digitized version ; accessed on May 15, 2017).
  22. ^ Giovanni and Pietro Antonio Casarotti on portal.dnb.de (accessed April 28, 2017).