Tree shrike
| Tree shrike | ||||||||||||
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Opened capsules of Celastrus striangularis |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Celastrus | ||||||||||||
| P. Brownne |
The tree shrike ( Celastrus ) are a genus of climbing shrubs belonging to the spindle tree family (Celastraceae). The natural range is in Asia, America, Australia, Madagascar and Fiji. Some species are used as ornamental plants.
description
The tree shrubs are mostly deciduous, rarely evergreen, climbing, mostly winding shrubs with stem-round or angular branches that are covered with numerous elongated or round, light-colored cork pores . The marrow can be chambered. The buds are 2 to 4 millimeters long, ovate to oblong and ovate and have numerous, often pointed scales. The leaves are alternate. The stipules are small, linear and fall off early. The leaf blade is usually ovate, hairy or glabrous with almost entire, serrate or notched leaf margin. It turns yellow in autumn in most species.
The inflorescence is axillary or terminal and grows sympodial , thyrsenic or single-flowered. The flowers are mostly unisexual, rarely hermaphroditic and rarely dioecious . They are fivefold, greenish or yellowish white. The discus is membranous or fleshy, ring-shaped or bowl-shaped, wholly or slightly five-lobed. The stamens are short, the anthers open lengthways towards the center of the flower. The ovary is upper constant, dreifächrig and each compartment be an upright to two ovules formed. The fruit is an 8 to 10 millimeter thick, approximately spherical, rarely elongated, leathery capsule that opens along the three compartments and contains one to six seeds . The seeds are elliptical, rich in protein and almost completely enclosed by a fleshy, red to orange-red aril .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.
distribution
The natural range of the approximately 30 species is in Asia, North and South America, Australia, Madagascar and Fiji , where they occur from humid forests to dry thickets in tropical to temperate climates.
Systematics
The celastrus ( Celastrus ) are a genus of the family of celastraceae (Celastraceae) in which it is assigned the subfamily Celastroideae. The genus was created by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 for the first time scientifically valid described . The generic name chosen by him Celastrus was used for various evergreen species even before Linnaeus and is derived from the Greek kelastra for an evergreen tree.
The genus is divided into two sub-genera:
- Celastrus subg. Celastrus
- Celastrus subg. Racemocelastrus. Ding Hou
It comprises around 30 species, the Plant List indicates the following species:
- Celastrus aculeatus Merr. : It occurs in China.
- Angular tree shrike ( Celastrus angulatus Maxim. ); it occurs in China at altitudes between 1000 and 2500 meters.
- Celastrus caseariifolius Lundell
- Celastrus cuneatus (Rehder & EHWilson) CYCheng & TCKao : It occurs in Hubei and Sichuan .
- Celastrus flagellaris Rupr. ; the species occurs in far-eastern Russia, China, Japan and Korea
- Celastrus franchetianus Loes. : It occurs in Yunnan .
- Celastrus gemmatus Loes. ; the species occurs in China and Taiwan
- Celastrus glaucophyllus Rehder & EHWilson : It occurs in China.
- Celastrus hindsii Benth. : the species occurs in Asia, also in Japan and the northern Marianas
- Celastrus hirsutus Comber : It occurs in Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Celastrus hookeri Prain : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar and in China at altitudes between 2500 and 3500 meters.
- Celastrus hypoleucoides P.L.Chiu : It occurs in China.
- Celastrus hypoleucus (Oliv.) Warb. ex Loes. : It occurs in China.
- Celastrus kusanoi Hayata : It occurs in Hainan and Taiwan .
- Celastrus lenticellatus Lundell :
- Celastrus liebmannii Standl.
- Celastrus madagascariensis Loes.
- Celastrus membranifolius Prain
- Celastrus microcarpus D.Don
- Celastrus monospermoides Loes. : It occurs in Yunnan and New Guinea.
- Celastrus monospermus Roxb. ; the species occurs in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and China
- Celastrus novoguineensis Merr. & LMPerry
- Round-leaved tree shrike ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. ): It occurs in China, Japan and Korea.
- Celastrus pachyrachis Lundell
- Celastrus panamensis Lundell
- Celastrus paniculatus Willd. ; the species occurs in Asia, Malesia, Australia, the Philippines and New Caledonia.
- Celastrus pringlei rose
- Celastrus punctatus Thunb. ; the species occurs in China, Japan and Taiwan
- Celastrus richii A. Gray
- Celastrus rosthornianus Loes. ; the species occurs only in China
- American tree shrike ( Celastrus scandens L. ); the species occurs in North America
- Celastrus strigillosus Nakai
- Celastrus stylosus Wall. ; the species occurs in China and in tropical Asia
- Celastrus subspicatus Hook.
- Celastrus vaniotii (H.Lév.) Rehder ; the species occurs only in China
- Celastrus virens (FTWang & Tang) CYCheng & TCKao : It occurs in southern Yunnan.
- Celastrus vulcanicola Donn.Sm.
- Celastrus xizangensis Y.R.Li
use
Few species are cultivated as ornamental plants and used to decorate walls, arbors and pergolas . The fruits are preserved well into winter.
proof
literature
- MP Simmons: Celastraceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. 2004, pp. 29-64.
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 466 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 172-173.
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 137 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff, Bärtels: Flora of the woods. P. 172.
- ↑ a b c d Roloff, Bärtels: Flora of the woods. P. 172.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Zhixiang Zhang, Michele Funston: Celastrus. In: Flora of China. Volume 11, p. 466.
- ^ Kubitzki: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Pp. 29-64.
- ↑ Celastrus. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed October 31, 2013 .
- ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 137.
- ↑ Celastrus. In: The Plant List. Retrieved September 5, 2012 .
