Chachapoyas (Peru)
| Chachapoyas | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Coordinates | 6 ° 14 ′ S , 77 ° 52 ′ W | ||
| Symbols | |||
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | Peru | ||
| Amazon | |||
| province | Chachapoyas | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | PE-AMA | ||
| District | Chachapoyas | ||
| height | 2483 m | ||
| Residents | 32,026 (2017) | ||
| founding | September 5, 1538 | ||
| Website | www.munichachapoyas.gob.pe/public/ (Spanish) | ||
| politics | |||
| mayor | Víctor Raúl Culqui Puerta (2019-2022) |
||
 |
|||
Chachapoyas (full name: San Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas ) is the capital of the Amazon region , the Chachapoyas province and the Chachapoyas district in northern Peru and the seat of the Chachapoyas diocese . The population was 32,026 at the 2017 census, 10 years earlier it was 23,202.
history
Chachapoyas was founded on September 5, 1538 by Alonso de Alvarado , a general of Francisco Pizarro . The omnipresent small black wooden balconies, the division of the streets in Cuadras , the roofs with the traditional roof tiles and the plaza decorated with benches, hedges, all sorts of flowers and a bronze fountain in the middle show that Chachapoyas was the center of the colonial rulers in north-east Peru, from which the Spanish conquerors began their expeditions to the Amazon from the 16th century .
In the struggle for Peruvian independence from the Spanish colonial rulers, the citizens of Chachapoyas supported the troops of the expedition to liberate Peru, led by General José de San Martín . On June 6, 1821 there was a battle in the Pampas de Higos Urco plain east of Chachapoyas, in which the Spaniards were defeated.
In 1960 the road from Chachapoyas to the Pacific coast was completed. Since then, the city has been involved in the country's flow of goods and migration far more than before.
politics
The mayors of Chachapoyas since 1970:
- José David Reina Rojas (1970)
- León Torres Meléndez (1971–1972)
- Arturo Guillermo Díaz Caro (1973–1975)
- Manuel la Torre Bardales (1976)
- Ramón Salazar Mestanza (1977–1978)
- Germán Mori Trigoso (1979–1980)
- Napoleón Mendoza Jiménez (1981-1983)
- Raquel Robles de Román (1984–1986)
- José Humberto Marín Jiménez (1987-1989)
- Napoleón Mendoza Jimenez (1990-1992)
- Francisco Ramos Santillan (1993–1995)
- Leonardo Rojas Sánchez (1996-2002)
- Oscar Enrique Torres Quiroz (2003-2006)
- Peter Thomas Lerche (2007-2010)
- Diógenes Humberto Zavaleta Tenorio (2011-2018)
- Víctor Raúl Culqui Puerta (since January 1, 2011)
traffic
Chachapoyas is connected to Lima by several bus routes.
Chachapoyas Airport ( IATA code CHH) currently (January 2020) does not have regular flights from Lima.
Chachapoyas is the starting point for trips to sites of the Chachapoyas culture of the same name , of which numerous remains can be found in the area, including huge ruins, the largest of which is the Kuelap fortress .
education
For several years now, Chachapoyas has had its own university, the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza . Your campus is located near the Pampas de Higos Urco (see above).
Attractions
Pozo de Yanayacu
According to legend, the "fountain of Yanayacu" was built on the spot where Toribio de Mogrovejo , second Archbishop of Peru, touched a rock with his walking stick during his visit to Chachapoyas. At the moment of contact, a spring began to gush out of the rock, which with its water ended the dry period that plagued the region at that time. It is located on the "Cerro Luya Urco" about one km from the Plaza de Armas of Chachapoyas. The source that is still active today is also called the "source of love".
Sanctuary of the Virgen Asunta
This chapel is built in a modern style with some colonial influences. It is the home of the Virgen Asunta , the patroness of the city of Chachapoyas, whose festival is celebrated in August. In this chapel, which belongs to the old people's home of Chachapoyas, there is also the dressing room of the statue of the Virgin with over 100 different clothes and jewelry.
El Obispado-the bishop's house
The house in which Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza was born is now the bishop's house of the Diocese of Chachapoyas. It is an ancient house in the typical Chachapoyan colonial style. Inside you can see antique furniture, memorabilia of the bishops of Chachapoyas, an old Bible and other pieces from the colonial era.
La Casona Monsante
The Monsante House is a monument in which the traditional Chachapoyan architecture is particularly well preserved. Previously used to dry tobacco, it is now a hostel.
cathedral
Chachapoyas is the seat of the diocese of the same name. Their colonial cathedral was badly damaged in an earthquake in the 1970s. The diocese and the city administration then decided to demolish it. In its place, directly on the colonial Plaza de Armas, a very modern cathedral was built, which is visited by hundreds of believers every day. The interior of the church is - following the Second Vatican Council - arranged completely around the altar, which represents the center and is bordered on the back by another semicircle, on which works of art from the destroyed cathedral can also be found. The cathedral faces south. In the west wing are the urns with the ashes of former bishops of Chachapoyas, such as those of the 2006 deceased z. B. Antonio de Hornedo Correa and by Octavio Ortiz Arrieta . The renovation of the cathedral has now been completed. The colonial-style facade with two characteristic towers has been completed.
Festivals and customs
Most of the festivals in the area are of religious origin, so the patrons of the village are especially venerated.
In mid-August, the festival of the city's patroness, Virgen Asunta , takes place every year until August 15th - Assumption of Mary. There is also the "Festival del Guarapo", the festival of sugar cane must. The statue of the Virgin Mary is carried from church to church these days and is accompanied by many people on the way with music and confetti. In each church a special altar is designed for the patroness.
On June 6th is the festival of the "Pampas de Higos Urco" to commemorate the battle won on that plain in 1821 (see above). Thousands of residents of Chachapoyas gather on the battlefield, then move into the city via the “Road of Triumph” and are celebrated as victor.
sons and daughters of the town
- Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza (* 1750 in Chachapoyas, † 1825 in Lima), pioneer of the Peruvian idea of independence
- Blas Valera (* 1545 in Chachapoyas), Jesuit, known for writing down pre-Columbian history.
- Hernán Rengifo (born April 18, 1983), active professional footballer for Omonia Nicosia and the Peruvian national team.
literature
- Luis Mendoza Pizarro: Guía etnoarqueológica para el visitante: Amazonas. 1998
Web links
- private site about Chachapoyas, spanish
- History and sights of Chachapoyas (DE)
- The municipality of Chachapoyas, Spanish
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peru: Amazonas Region - Provinces & Places . www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Expedition leader San Martín stayed mostly on the coast. The campaign was led by Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales. See e.g. Mariano Felipe Paz Soldan: Historia del Perú independiente. Tomo 1 . Lima 1868. Also the first campaign of Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales (Peru, 1820) with more literature.
- ↑ Rebekah Balser: Diagnostico socioeconómico del Distrito de Chachapoyas . Provincia de Chachapoyas, Chachapoyas 2011, p. 9.
- ↑ Catedral de Chachapoyas: ocaso del progresismo, prestigio de la Tradición , October 29, 2013, accessed on August 22, 2020.