Christoph Friedrich Hellwag
Christoph Friedrich Hellwag (born March 6, 1754 in Calw , † October 16, 1835 in Eutin ) was a German doctor and physicist . He is considered to be the first to represent vowels in a vowel triangle .
Life
Hellwag was the son of the deacon and later Göppingen city pastor Eberhard Friedrich Hellwag (1722–1780) and his wife Catharine Margarete nee. Bengel (1730–1788), the daughter of the well-known Pietist theologian Johann Albrecht Bengel (1687–1752). After attending school in Sulz am Neckar , he came to the Evangelical Monastery in Tübingen in 1772 , where he entered the university register on October 26th. He first studied theology and philosophy and completed his studies with a master's degree in 1774 . In the summer semester of 1774 he changed the subject and began studying medicine , which he continued in 1779 at the University of Göttingen . He returned to Tübingen in January 1781 for his medical dissertation and the required exams. On November 30, 1784 he was awarded the title of Doctor of Medicine by the Medical Faculty of the University of Tübingen . He had already passed the medical exam in Stuttgart in 1781 and was appointed doctor in Gaildorf on January 1, 1782 .
In 1782 he was the personal physician of Friederike of Württemberg and moved in 1782 after her marriage to the ruler of Oldenburg provided Prince Friedrich Ludwig with her to Oldenburg (Oldenburg). There he also became the Duke's personal physician. In Oldenburg, Hellwag quickly joined the small circle of leadership in the duchy around Gerhard Anton von Halem , whose sister he married, and also joined the Literary Society founded by him . In addition to looking after the ducal family, Hellwag also ran an extensive private practice in Oldenburg and founded a hospital for the poor , based on the Hamburg model. At the request of Peter Friedrich Ludwig, he and his family moved in May 1788 to Eutin, the royal seat of the Principality of Lübeck , which belongs to Oldenburg , because Heinrich Matthias Marcard had been appointed to Oldenburg as personal physician. Hellwag was appointed court advisor and in 1791 acquired a house in the immediate vicinity of the rector Johann Heinrich Voss , with whom he became close friends. The neighborhood had a positive effect on the classes at the grammar school, as Hellwag provided drawings for the classics and helped out in mathematics classes. He was also active in the Eutin Literary Society founded in 1804 and gave lectures on magnetism , midwifery, poor studies, optics and acoustics .
In 1799 he was appointed Physicist of the Principality of Lübeck and, as such, was responsible for public health care in the Principality. Numerous publications show Hellwag's versatile education and his lively scientific activity. He was an important physicist and is among other things the discoverer of the so-called clinking tones . His astute work on optics aroused Goethe's interest .
Hellwag's greatest achievement was the introduction of the smallpox vaccination in 1801, first in Eutin itself and then in the Principality of Lübeck. In June 1800 Hellwag first vaccinated his youngest daughter and fifteen other children against smallpox with a serum that he had obtained by vaccinating a cow. He resorted to attempts by the English doctor Edward Jenner with his vaccinations against cowpox . This smallpox vaccination became compulsory a few years later and Hellwag published several essays about his method, which was officially introduced in the Principality of Lübeck and also imitated by other doctors. Vaccinations against leafing followed.
In 1808 the first public bathing establishment was opened on his initiative. Hellwag was also seen as the inventor of the cranesbill , a device that allowed drawings to be enlarged or reduced in size. However, a description of this device was published as early as 1631:. In 1811 he triggered the Eutin corset dispute with an article in the Eutin weekly advertisements on the subject of the harmfulness of the lace - up body.
When a cholera wave reached northern Germany in 1831 , he prompted the formation of health commissions that were able to prevent the epidemic from spreading. Hellwag's health deteriorated with increasing age, but in 1832 he celebrated his 50th anniversary as a doctor. He died three years later after a stroke and was buried in the Eutin cemetery.
From 1790 until his death he lived at Riemannstraße 2 in Eutin, the building has been preserved as a so-called “Hellwag House”.
family
Hellwag had been married to Susanna Sophia Henrietta von Halem (1759–1823), the daughter of the Oldenburg City Syndic Anton Wilhelm von Halem (1711–1771) and sister of the Oldenburg administrative clerk and writer Gerhard Anton von Halem (1752–1819 ) , since August 17, 1784 ). This marriage had four daughters and three sons. Among them the pedagogue and pastor Bernhard Wilhelm Friedrich (1787–1838) and the lawyer and councilor Ernst Ludwig (1790–1862), deputy district president in Eutin and head of education in the Principality of Lübeck. His son Konrad Wilhelm Hellwag (1827–1882) became a well-known railway technician.
Works
- Dissertatio physica de motu corporum. Tübingen. 1774.
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Treatise on the use of the cranesbill. [Tübingen], 1776, digitized
- 2nd edition (slightly changed title): Description and use of the cranesbill. [Tübingen] 1777, digitized
- Dissertatio physiologica medica de formatione loquelae. Tübingen. 1781. (Reprint by Wilhelm Vietor, Gebr. Henninger, Heilbronn 1886, digitized )
- About comparing the colors of the rainbow with the notes of the musical octave. In: Deutsches Museum , year 1786, second volume, Weygand, Leipzig (undated), pp. 293–297, digitized
- A word about the pages to the good inhabitants of Eutin. In: Schleswig-Holsteinische Provinzialberichte , Jg. 1797, 1st vol., 2nd issue, Hammerich, Altona and Kiel 1797, pp. 142–143 digitized , (the name of the author is not mentioned)
- Report on the blue cow leaves, a stem that has been tried and tested in Holstein by chance and use ... In: Nordisches Archiv für Natur- und Arzneywissenschaft , 1. Vol., 3. Stk., Brummer, Copenhagen 1801, S. 383ff.
- Experiences about the healing powers of galvanism and considerations about its chemical and physiological effects. Friedrich Perthes , Hamburg 1802, digitized
- Letter concerning the protective sheets (Eutin, February 16, 1802), in: August Adolph von Hennings (ed.): Der Genius des Nineteenth Century , Volume 4, January to April 1802, Ernst Friedrich Hammerich, Altona, p. 337– 342
- Euclid's 11th principle proved to be a tenet. Hamburg. 1818.
- Observations about floating spots in front of the eyes, and a special kind of myopia, .... In: Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland (Ed.): Journal der Praxis Arzneykunde und Wundarzneykunst , Volume 52, 6. Stk., G. Reimer, Berlin 1821, Pp. 84-98, digitized
- Physics of the inanimate and the animate. August Campe , Hamburg 1824, digitized
- Newton's color theory corrected from its important principles. Lübeck. 1835.
literature
- Hellwag, Christoph Friedrich. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 298-300 ( online ).
- Henry A. Smith (Ed.): Eutin - Heidelberg 1811. Correspondence between the student Ernst Hellwag and his family in Eutin , series: Eutiner Research Volume 11, Eutin State Library 2009 ISBN 9783939643029
- August Mutzenbecher : Hellwag, Christoph Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 699.
- Hellwag, (Christoph Friedrich). In: Berend Kordes: Lexicon of the now-living Schleswig-Holstein and Eutinian writers , Johann Gottlob Röhss, Schleswig 1797, pp. 161–162, digitized , (contains information on writings)
- Hellwag, (Christoph Friedrich). In: Hans Schröder , Detlev Lorenz Lübker: Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1796 to 1828 , 1. Dept. A – M, Verlag K. Aue, Altona, 1829, pp. 240–242, digitized , ( Contains information on fonts)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hellwag's book about the cranesbill appeared 145 years after it was first published: Christoph Scheiner : Pantographice seu ars delineandi (Rome 1631) digitized version
- ^ Henry A. Smith (Ed.): Eutin - Heidelberg 1811 , pp. 137-143
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Hellwag, Christoph Friedrich |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German doctor |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 6, 1754 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Calw |
DATE OF DEATH | October 16, 1835 |
Place of death | Eutin |