Chronology of Mogontiacum
The Roman Mogontiacum , as today's Mainz was originally called, can look back on almost 500 years of belonging to the Roman Empire . In Mogontiacum, the main military base on the Rhine , provincial town and later border town to the barbarian Germania , a large number of events, some of which were important for the entire Roman Empire, took place.
| year | event | See: | |
|---|---|---|---|
| First century BC | |||
| 13/12 BC Chr. | Foundation of the military camp on the Kästrich by Nero Claudius Drusus . | Drusus , Kästrich | |
| 13/12 BC Chr. | Occupation of the Mainz legion camp with the 14th Legion Gemina and the 16th Legion Gallica as well as, in the course of the next decades, some additional legions and auxiliary troops. Standard occupancy up to 90 AD with two legions. | Legio XIIII Gemina , Legio XVI Gallica , auxiliary troops | |
| 9 v. Chr. | Nero Claudius Drusus dies during a campaign in Germania. Start of celebrations for honoring the dead ("decursio") in Mainz in the immediate vicinity of the cenotaph erected in Mogontiacum (with a high probability the so-called Drususstein). | Germania magna , Drususstein , Kenotaph | |
| First century | |||
| 3 | Construction work (quays, bank reinforcements?) On what was then the banks of the Rhine (today: Am Brand). In the 2nd century, an artificial harbor basin and even later a naval port (discovery of Roman ships) were created there. | Mainz Roman ships | |
| 4/9 | The Castellum bridgehead (today: Mainz-Kastel) is created. Shortly thereafter, a second military camp was set up in what is now Weisenau, which was probably abandoned at the end of the century as the Roman troops were reduced. | Mainz-Kastel , Mainz-Weisenau | |
| 15th | Nero Claudius Germanicus is in Mogontiacum in preparation for campaigns against free Germania. | Germanicus , History of the Romans in Germania | |
| 17th | Restructuring of the Rhine Army into an Upper and Lower German Army. Mogontiacum becomes the seat of the commander of the Upper German Army. | ||
| 19th | The Roman Senate resolution mentions the honors for Drusus am Rhein (Tabula Siarensis). | Roman Senate | |
| 30th | Construction of a stone pillar bridge between the legionary camp and the civil settlement of Mogontiacum and the Castellum bridgehead on the right bank of the Rhine. | Roman Bridge (Mainz) | |
| 33 | Construction of the public thermal bath in the center of the civil settlement (Tritonplatz, today the “Small House” of the Mainz State Theater). | Thermal baths , State Theater Mainz | |
| 39 |
Caligula (Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) is in Mogontiacum in preparation for his Germanic campaign. An attack on him, in which the Mainz legate Cornelius Lentulus Gaeticulus is involved, fails. A passage in Suetonius tells of a theater in Mogontiacum at that time. The large theater at today's Mainz train station, the Roman Theater (formerly Südbahnhof), was probably not built until the 2nd century. |
Caligula , Suetonius , Roman Theater Mainz | |
| at 50 | The Celtic boatman ( Nauta ) Blussus dies in Mogontiacum. His tombstone, one of the most interesting testimonies to the merging of Celtic and Roman provincial culture in Mogontiacum, is part of the stone collection of the Mainz State Museum. | State Museum Mainz | |
| 59-66 | Dating of the "Great Mainz Jupiter Column". Destruction in late Roman times. | Great Jupiter Column in Mainz | |
| 69 | So-called "Batavian Uprising": The civilian settlement is destroyed, the legionary camp besieged unsuccessfully, according to Tacitus. | Batavian Uprising , Publius Cornelius Tacitus | |
| approx. 69-79 | Beginning of the Mater Magna and Isis cults in Mainz (inscription finds, first construction phase of the sanctuary of Isis and Mater Magna) in connection with the imperial house of the Flavians. By Vespasian expansion of the legionary camp in stone and construction of a stilted bridge with stone pillars over the Rhine. | Sanctuary of Isis and Mater Magna (Mainz) , Flavier , Vespasian | |
| 69-92 | During the reign of the Flavians, the XIV Legion GMV built the Finthen aqueduct as a legionary camp on the Kästrich | Flavier , Römersteine , XIV Legion | |
| 83 | Domitian gathers an army consisting of five legions and auxiliary troops for the Chat campaign in Mogontiacum. | To chat | |
| 88/89 | Revolt of the governor Lucius Antonius Saturninus in Mogontiacum. After the suppression, final conversion of the military territory into the province of Germania superior with Mogontiacum as the provincial capital. | Lucius Antonius Saturninus , Germania superior , Roman province | |
| 90 | Reduction of the occupancy of the Mainz legion camp to one legion. | Roman legion | |
| 92 | Occupation of the Mainz legion camp with the 22nd legion Primigenia Pia Fidelis. The "22nd" became the Mainz House Legion until the middle of the 4th century. | Legio XXII Primigenia | |
| 96-98 | Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus) is governor of the province Germania superior with seat in Mogontiacum. | Trajan | |
| End of the 1st century | Start of construction work on the Upper German-Raetian Limes. In the civil settlement of Mogontiacum, a mithräum is being built on today's ball court . | Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes , Mithraeum | |
| Second century | |||
| 1./2. century | Roman naval station at "Dimesser Ort" (today: Zollhafen). | ||
| 122 | Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) resides in Germania superior and Mogontiacum. | Hadrian | |
| 162/169 | The chats occur in the Rhine-Main area and probably also cross the Rhine. | ||
| Third century | |||
| 19th (?) March 235 | Assassination of the emperor Severus Alexander and his mother Julia Mamaea in or near Mogontiacum (Bretzenheim?). Proclamation of Maximinus Thrax in Mogontiacum as his successor. Beginning of the era of the soldier emperors. | Severus Alexander , Julia Mamaea , Maximinus Thrax , soldier emperor , Imperial crisis of the 3rd century , Mainz-Bretzenheim | |
| at 250 | Dating of the Dativius-Victor arch. Construction of a city wall that encompasses the entire settlement area including the theater and adjoins the walls of the legionary camp. | Dativius-Victor arch | |
| 258 | Fall of the Upper German-Raetian Limes. | ||
| 259/260 | Loss of the Limes area on the right bank of the Rhine (Agri decumates). Mogontiacum becomes a border town again. | Agri decumates , Limesfall | |
| 260 | Mogontiacum belongs to the Gallic Empire until 274. | Imperium Galliarum | |
| 268 | The Mainz legate Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus rises against Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus (Emperor of the Gallic Empire) and is proclaimed anti- emperor in Mogontiacum. Postumus conquers Mogontiacum and is killed by his own soldiers in May / June because he does not allow the city to be plundered. | Postumus , Laelianus | |
| from 285 | Reforms of the Emperor Diocletian . The province of Germania superior will be split up and reduced in size. Mogontiacum is now the provincial capital of the new province Germania prima and the seat of a "Dux Germaniae Primae" to which the border army is subordinate. | Diocletian , List of the Roman provinces from Diocletian , Germania prima | |
| 292 | Constantius I. "Chlorus" (father of Constantine I "the Great") leads a pacification campaign from Mogontiacum through the Alemannic area to the Danube. | Constantius I , Constantine the Great , Alamanni | |
| 297 | First reliable evidence of the designation "Civitas Mogontiacensium". | Civitas | |
| Fourth century | |||
| at 300 | Manufacture of the Lyon lead medallion . Oldest city view of Mogontiacum / Mainz. | ||
| 343 | First mention of a Christian community in Mogontiacum. | Beginnings of the diocese of Mainz | |
| after 350 | The Mainz XX. Legion is probably wiped out in the civil war battles near Mursa (present-day Croatia). As a result, the Mainz legion camp is no longer occupied and laid down. The resulting gap in the city wall will be closed. At the same time, the area of Mogontiacum is being reduced considerably and now only covers a third of the former urban area. | Roman city gate Mainz , Alexander tower | |
| 352/355 | Repeated German invasions, Germanic tribes settle around Mogontiacum and other places on the Rhine, but do not occupy the city. | ||
| 357 | The Caesar and later emperor Julian conquered after the victory over the Alemanni at Strasbourg, the region on the Rhine again by the Germans back. The 22nd Legion stationed in Mogontiacum is likely to be wiped out by civil war fighting near Mursa (today's Osijek in Croatia). Only the so-called milites armigeri are stationed as Roman troops in Mainz . | Julian | |
| 368 | Attack on Mogontiacum by the Alemannic prince Rando during Easter or Whitsun. Looting of the city and capture of residents. | Rando | |
| late 4th century | Mogontiacum becomes the seat of the Dux Mogontiacensis | Dux mogontiacensis | |
| Fifth century | |||
| 406/407 | Vandals, Suebi and Alans cross the Rhine at Mogontiacum on New Year's Eve and destroy the city ( Rhine crossing from 406 ). The Roman Rhine fleet ceases to exist. | Vandals , Suebi , Alans , Mainz Roman ships | |
| 411 | Mogontiacum is under the influence of the Burgundians, Roman "foederati" (allies). Jovinus is proclaimed emperor in Mogontiacum. | Burgundy , Federation , Jovinus | |
| 451 | The Huns invade Mogontiacum. | Huns | |
| after 450 | End of the Roman history of Mogontiacum. | ||
See also
literature
- Hans Jacobi: MOGONTIACUM - The Roman Mainz . Regio Kunst-Verlag, Mainz 1996, ISBN 3-00-001115-3
- Roland Bockius, Stephan Pelgen, Marion Witteyer: Forays through the Roman Mainz . Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2001, 2003.
- Franz Dumont (ed.), Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz: Mainz - The history of the city. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 1999 (2nd edition), ISBN 3-8053-2000-0