Closen (noble family)

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Family coat of arms according to Siebmacher's coat of arms book

The Closen family was a powerful and influential Bavarian and Rhenish noble family . They were wealthy in Swabia , on the Rhine and above all between the Inn and Isar . The Closen flourished in the 18th century. With the death of Karl von Closen in 1856, the family died out.

history

Upper Arnstorf Castle after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721
Gern Castle after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721

The Closen were among the most influential aristocratic families in Bavaria. They often held high offices and were ducal and later electoral Bavarian officials. They were always entrusted with important tasks at court. The sex soon split into several lines. During their most influential times, the Close had 18 court brands in their possession and 340 single-layer farms as subjects.

The origin of the Close is still unclear. Soon after the genus appeared in Lower Bavaria in the 12th century , they gained a foothold in Arnstorf , which became their ancestral home. They were to last for a full six centuries. They also sat in Lower Bavaria at Gern Castle near Eggenfelden, in Mariakirchen , in Haidenburg , in Stubenberg and in Oberpöring .

After 1290 it was gladly given to the von Closen zu Arnstorf as a ducal fief. In 1348 Albrecht I zu Arnstorf and Stubenberg finally acquired them through purchase. In 1458 Alban and Hans von Closen acquired the Mariakirchen Hofmark. This remained in the family's possession until 1678. When the Frauenberger family died out in 1508, Alban von Closen, son-in-law of the last Frauenberger, inherited parts of the Haidenburg estate. Together with his brother, he finally secured their possession through purchase and clever contracts. The Closen then operated a constant expansion of the goods around Haidenburg. In December 1519, Duke Wolfgang IV granted Alban von Closen the failed honorary post of the Lower Bavarian Hereditary Marshal. This was previously held by the Pfaffinger family .

In the middle of the 16th century, the Haidenburg line gained great ecclesiastical influence through three siblings. Wolfgang von Closen became Bishop of Passau in 1555, Margarete became Imperial Abbess of Niedernburg and Anna Kathrin became Imperial Abbess of Frauenchiemsee .

By marrying a daughter of the Ehingen family , the Closeners succeeded in assuming their inheritance in 1608. In 1670, Franz von Closen zu Haidenburg, electoral councilor and treasurer, acquired the Hofmark Altrandsberg in what is today Upper Palatinate from Johann Wilhelm Podtmoski . However, only six years later he sold it again to Hans Wolfgang von Leoprechting . Shortly before the end of the century, in 1694, the family acquired Schloss and Hofmark Schönburg near Pocking.

During the lifetime of Louis XIV of France , Louis von Closen was in his service. Among other things, he served as the commander of the royal bodyguard. Between 1746 and 1795 the Closen owned the Sickalsberg headquarters. In 1762 the family lost the Hofmark Haidenburg to the Counts of Taufkirchen, despite a lawsuit by Karl von Closen. A few years later, in 1766, the family received the title of count.

With the death of the childless Councilor of State Karl von Closen in 1856, the family died out. Because of his work, the Eggenfelden high school is named after him today.

During the formation of the community in 1818 by the community edict in Bavaria, the Arnstorf family's patrimonial court of the von Closen enforced the patrimonial constitution of the market itself and the communities of Jägerndorf and Hainberg against the Eggenfelden district court . Due to a marriage in 1847, the property of the Close fell to the Counts of Deym . In 1848 the Arnstorf Patrimonial Court was dissolved.

Direct descendants of the Closen still live today, these are the aforementioned Counts von Deym and the barons of Günderode-Closen.

The Closenbruch nature reserve in Homburg is named after a line of the family that belonged to the Palatinate-Zweibrücken court .

Say to the origin

According to a legend, Jörg von Mühlberg is the oldest of the family. This took part in 1132 in the tournament in Regensburg of the Count of Leonsberg (today part of Pilsting ). Jörg triumphantly won the jump-off at this tournament . He received his award from the hands of the Count's daughter, Sigaun, with whom he immediately fell in love. Thereupon Jörg kidnapped Sigaun and secretly married her. Her father looked in vain for his daughter, but devastated all of Jörg's possessions. In addition to other children, Sigaun also gave birth to a son, Jörg. For years she lived with her children in seclusion in the floodplains of the mouth of the Isar with a Uttenschwalb . One of her daughters later married the Count of Ortenburg . Her son Jörg, on the other hand, returned to his father's property and called himself " the Klausner ". Since the Uttenschwalb accompanied him through his childhood, he took it with him in the coat of arms of his family. Jörg is considered to be the ancestor of the von Closen family.

Personalities

coat of arms

Scheibler's Wappenbuch
(variant of the Gerner line)

In the book of arms of the Churbayrischen nobility (copy of an original from 1560), Volume 1 - BSB Cgm 1508 , (Image 00042), Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, the simple, undivided shield (Scheibler) is overwritten with Herren von Kloßen zu Gern and Händenburg , while the quartered one Shield (Siebmacher) which is assigned to von Closen in Lower Bavaria. (Image 00043)

See also

literature

  • Johannes Goldner, Wilfried Bahnmüller: Early Bavarian noble families , Freilassing 1985, ISBN 3-7897-0123-8 .
  • Gottfried Schäffer, Gregor Peda: Burgen und Schlösser im Passauer Land , 2nd edition, Freilassing 1981, ISBN 3-7897-0060-6 .

Web links

Commons : Closen family  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d History of the parish of St. Georg Gern. Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b History of Altrandsberg ( Memento from August 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ History of Mariakirchen (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  4. ^ History of the community of Haarbach ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Excerpt from the fiefdom of the Baiern-Landshut Hereditary Landmarschallenamt those of Closen zu Haydenburg, 1519. in: Johann Nepomuk Gottfried von Krenner : Instructions for the detailed knowledge of the Baierischen Landtag of the Middle Ages , Num. XXIII, p. 192 f.
  6. ↑ Heirs of Ehinger ( Memento from January 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ^ History of the Pocking Area
  8. ^ History of Konzell ( Memento from June 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Loss of Haidenburg
  10. ↑ a b History of Arnstorf
  11. ^ Name giver of the Karl von Closen-Gymnasium in Eggenfelden. Retrieved October 3, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Lubos: Historical Atlas of Bavaria: Part of Old Bavaria. The Eggenfelden Regional Court - Edition 28th Commission for Bavarian State History, 1971 [1]
  13. ↑ Entry on Ludwig von Closen in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database , literature on General Ludwig von Closen
  14. ↑ Sub-prefect of Simmern ( Memento of November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Closen, Karl, Freiherr von . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 4, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 181.